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THE HUB AND THE SPOKES

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THE HUB

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SPOKES

OR,

THE CAPITAL AND ITS ENVIRONS -

8Y

ANSON A. GARD

AUTHOR OF

My FRIEND BILL-A NoVJtL; THE YANKJtE IN QUEBEC; TBJt
WANDERING YANKEE; THE NEW CANADA; GARD'S
LoG BOOK; THE NATIONAL HYMN TO THE
FLAG, ETC., ETC.

PUBLISHED 8Y

THE EMERSON PRESS
Ottawa and New York

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CANADIAN HISTORY

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Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year of our Lord
one thousand nine hundred aDd four, by Ål'i'SON A. GARD, in the Office
of the Depal'tment of .Agriculture at Ottawa.

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ANSON A. GARD,
Author.

DEDICATION.

For centuries, Scotland has been looked to, to furnish to the
rest of the world, men who can do--men who can lead in enter-
prise. And never yet has the land of Burns failed, when called
upon-in any line, in every line-to send the man of worth-the
man of deeds. He comes, he sees, he conquers. Fail, is a word
he never knew, and is too busy succeeding to stop long enough
to learn. Mountains may needs be crossed or penetrated, and if
of iron, turned into libraries and schools for the universe; hos-
pitals built for suffering poor; torrents spanned or turned aside;
oceans fathomed and made the medium for speech of Empire-
'tis all the same to him. If once he set his hand to do, the work
in hand is done.
Bacon asked and answered, " vVhat makes a Nation great?"
For centuries Canada had but one of the requisites-" A Fertile
Soil." Scotland, without anyone of them-save in her stalwart
sons-gave to Canada the other two. It was that bonnie land
that gave to Canada the men who furnished "Easy Conveyance
to !VI an and Goods, From Place to Place," and "Place to Place"
might here be read, "Ocean to Ocean"-and with the second must
come-has come, the third, for even now is heard the whirr of
wheels in " Busy Workshops." Nor were her stalwart sons con-
tent to bind together the farther shores of a great Continent, but
must go on-went on, till now are bound in speech the Continents
of the world.
Of all the men from Scotia's rocky shores, no two, have been
more to the land of their adoption, than have they to whom I so
gladly dedicate this work, in praise of that land. N or need I
speak their names, since they are known by deeds, and yet I fain
would speak, that they themselves may know; and thus I wO:.1ld
dedicate this work of pleasure, to two of " Nature's Gentlemen":
LORD STRATHCONA-SIR SANDFORD FLEMING.

INTRODUCTION.

From the Beaten Track.

Introductory words t
books have long followed a set rul
.
In publishing "The Hub and The Spokes," that rule will be
broken possibly for the first time. In casting about for writers
of this Introduction, the men who have so kindly responded and
furnished that which follows, need, themselves, no introduction,
since each in his line is too well known to require it. It is most
heart pleasing to feel that such men should consent to write, and
write so generously of an author, whose one great aim is to bring
into more kindly relationship the two great peoples of the Ameri-
can Continent.

While to the author it is to a high degree gratifying, to have
these words of kindness written, it is not the personal gratifica-
tion so much as the pleasure it gives him to feel that his work in
Canada has not been in vain, and that his hope may be realized, in
seeing a lasting friendship grow up between the peoples he loves.

Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal.

It is pleasing to me to hear that you are continuing the good
work in which you have occupied yourself for some years, of mak-
ing the people of Canada and those of the United States bett
r
acquainted with each other, and of pointing out to them why they
should be in every respect the best of friends,
There is no reason in the world why Canada as a Dominio::1,
in the closest relationship to the United Kingdom, and the Unit
d
States, a Republic, should not each, in its own way, go on "pros-

x

Introduction.

pering and to prosper," and your efforts have certainly been most
useful and valuable in this direction.

Signed, STRATHCONA.

London, Eng., Nov. 3rd, 1904.
The foregoing from Canada's first citizen, is met in kind by
one of the foremost Senators in the United States Senate. Each
breathes a neighborly spirit toward the other's country, which
shows the trend of the times.

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Senator Redfield Proctor.

Proctor, Vermont, September 13, 1904.
Canada is a great country. Our people south of that unfor-
tunate boundary know too little about it, but we are learning morc
and more of it and the more we learn the higher will be our ap-
preciation of her wonderful resources and great natural advant-
ages. Ever since my boyhood days, when I lived on the line of
the Eastern Townships, I have made frequent trips to different
parts of the Dominion. Every time I go within her borders I
am so charmed with her beauty that the temptation is strong to
break the commandment which forbids us to covet that which be-
longs to our neighbor.
I have found your former works most useful, and am sure
"The Hub and The Spokes" will give a wide circle of readers
much valuable information about Canada, and tend to strengthen
the friendly relations which should and must be maintained Le-
tween our people and hers.
You should have the largest possible success in this praise-
worthy undertaking of making better known a land so full of
béauty, whose people are our brothers.
Signed, REDFIELD PROCTOR.

*

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*

Sir Sandford Fleming, U Father of The Pacific Cable."
Few writers are doing more to make Canada known and
Canadians appreciated in the outside world, than Mr. Anson A.

I ntrod u ctiott.

xi

Gard. The books he has written have a peculiar flavor, they are
never dull, It requires no effort to read them; the reader always
feels that he is learning from one who has something to say in
a pleasant way. The author is not a Canadian himself, he comes,
with a fresh and open mind, and being a close observer, has lived
long enough amongst us to take a just and kindly view
of Canadians, their aims and aspirations. Mr. Gard
seems to take a genuine delight in looking at the best
and brightest side of the mass of information he has gathered
from every source. The array of facts he presents to the reader
is so intermingled with humor that one does not note the time
spent in their perusal.

Signed, SANDFORD FLEMING.
On train to Peterboro, July 9th, 1904.

*

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*

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*

Wm. Wilfrid Campbell, Poet, Author.
I have read several of l\lr. Anson A. Gard's books, and I
find in them a quality of human humor akin to that of the famous
M ark Twain.
By reason of his clever style of quaint description allied to
kindly satire, and human insight, ,Mr. Gard is well equipped wIth
th(' requisite ability, to write a readable and interesting volume
about any community he may visit. I believe that his new book
will be the best of its kind ever produced in this country.
Signed, W. WILFRID CAMPBELL.
Ottawa, Nov. 15th, 1904.

*

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*

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*

George M. Fairchild, jr., Poet, Author, Artist.
With Mr. Anson A. Gard to think is to act, and
to write, and as a result our literature has been en-
riched by several books that have enjoyed wide circula-
tion wherever the English language is read, for not
only his fellow Yankees fell under the spell of the charm of his
works, but Englishmen, Australians, New Zealanders and others.
who enjoy a well told story. And this story of our Dominion be-
comes fascinating under the magic of l\Ir. Gard's pen. He is
possessed of that imagination which is so essential to the des-

xii

Introduction.

criptive writer. His style is lucid and forceful, while his sense of
humor and of pathos is so delicate and well poised that the read-
er's sense of proportion is never offended. One of the N ew York
magazines said of his novel" My Friend Bil1." "It is as inter-
esting as "David Harum" in droll humor, as pure in tone as
Holmes' Breakfast Table Series, and as tender as the choicest
parts of Charles Dickens writings. It is one of the best books of
light fiction that we have ever read." He sees the human side
of life through glasses undimmed with gall. Nothing escapes
his notice that bears upon the kindlier side of human motive. lIe
tellt, a story well from start to climax, often in a page, yet a vol-
ume could not tell it better. Possibly his most effective work lies
in his droll humor. He never resorts to overstrained effort that
taxes the reader's credulity, yet this humor is so much a part of
his work, so interwoven throughout it, that, as aNew York editor
said, in commenting upon one of his Canadian books, " you are so
entertained by his humor that you get his. cold facts without
knowing it or growing tired reading them."
" Sam Slick" (J udge Haliburton) drew the attention of the
world to the lower Provinces. This later " Sam Slick" is point-
ir.g out to the world the whole of Canada, her people, her magni-
ficent resources, her beauty! Not one of his countless of thous-
ands of readers but will exclaim: "Truly this Ohio Yankee has
seen with eyes that comprehend."
Signed, GEORGE M. FAIRCHILD, JR.

Quebec, Oct. 15 th , 19 0 4.
* * * * * *
George Johnson, LL.D., Dominion Statistician.

I knew well, even intimately, the first, and in many respects
the best of American humorists-the Nova Scotian, Judge Thos.
C. Haliburton, author of the immortal" Sam Slick."
/Ir. Gard
reminds me of the Judge in many of his turns of thought and
terms of expresion.
If Haliburton was the" father of American humor,' as he has
beer! named, Anson A. Gard may well be called "Sam Slick, j:-."
The great Nova Scotian had a purpose in all his writings;
his humor often covered a deep laid thought for his country's
good and vast benefit resulted from his droll stories. That lVlr.

Introduction.

XUI

Gard has a purpose in all he has written of Canada, no one who
ha
followed "Rube and the Colonel" during their three years
sojourn amongst us, can for a moment doubt. He came to our
country and found an unknown land or as he says:
" '1'0 myself unknown-a land so full of beauty and
resources so vast, that I felt a desire to let my people and the
world know of this great Northland."
He knew that to tell of it in the ordinary matter of fact way of
the matter of fact writers he would have his story read by the few
and his object would fail of its purpose. Instead he has called
into play the whole gamut (to borrow a music term). His
pathos is that of a Dickens; his descriptive powers remind us of
Guida; his accuracy of dates and figures would be a credit to a
trained statistician; and running throughout his writings is that
droll humor which will yet place his name amongst the famous
humorists of his time.
Kipling wrote" The Lady of the Snows" and all Canada,
in one voice, cried out against him. I\1r. Gard is undoing ihe
harm that poem and our Ice Palaces have done, by telling of the
charms of our country. If we are consistent we will send his
works to all parts of the reading world and thus prove our ap-
preciation of what he is doing toward placing Canada in its true
light.

Signed, GEORGE JOHNSON.
Ottawa, November loth, 1904.
* * * *

*

*

Henry J. M organ J LL.D' J Biograþher..
Mr. Anson A. Gard has read to me, from time to time, por-
tions of his new work: "The Hub and The Spokes," which ;s
designed to give a history of the Canadian Capital and its people,
together with some account of the Ottawa Valley, with touches
here and there of many other parts of the Dominion.
Although numerous works, in this class of literature, have
been published in the English language in Canada, I can recall
but three of them which remain of permanent interest. These "lre
Hawkins' "Picture of Quebec," published in 1834; Bosworth's
"Hochelaga Depicta," published in 1839, of which a new edi-
tiOli has recently appeared; and, last, and best of all, dear old Dr.
Scadding's "Toronto of Old," published in 1873. All three

XIV

Introduction.

were prepared with scrupulous care, and, besides, being models
of literary excellence, are accurate and just in their statement of
occurrences. To say that Mr. Gard's forthcoming publication will
merit a place alongside these time honored classics is to pay its
author the highest compliment that can be bestowed upon him. In-
deed, I am not quite sure, but that, in some respects, the work
of '" The Yankee in Canada" will surpass in value all preceding
local histories issued within the Dominion. To achieve so ùis-
tinguished a position as a literary man, is an accomplishment of
which he may feel no little pride-especially so, because of his
being almost a stranger in our midst, with no previous knowledge
of the people and country he is describing. What has excited my
chief surprise is the mass of interesting material he has succeeded
in accumulating, in so short a time,-no amount of labor being
considered too great for him to undertake in his quest for infor-
mation. His book cannot fail of being of permanent interest and
value, and such as no library, either great or small, should be
without. Parkman, in his day, did a great work for Canada, as
it existed under the" Old Regime;" lVlr. Gard in the new field of
investigation which he has opened up, is following in the footsteps
of his illustrious countryman, and merits a due share of public
support.
Signed, HENRY J. MORGAN.
Ottawa, November 14, 1904.

*

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*

*

*

*

Benjamin SuZte, President of the Royal Society of Canada,
Historian.
In books of the nature of which Mr. Gard is writing, accuracy
in history is hardly to be looked for in all instances, but I 1Ïnd
a correctness in his statements historical, that shows a remarkable
degree of research on his part, proving him to be a writer of many
qualifications. He may not always give the results of his research
in the staid language of the historian, but the facts, given in a style
peculiarly his own, may be relied upon as accurate.
Signed, BENJAMIN SULTE.
Ottawa, November 1st, 1904.

PART FIRST.

How Rube and the Colonel Saw Ottawa,
the Beautiful Capital of the Dominion,
the Washington of Canada.

THE WASHINGTON OF CANADA.

For several days after we reached Ottawa, I noticed the
Colonel going about town like a horse with a " broken gait." I
asked, "What's the matter, Colonel ? You go around with your
ft::et in the air like a horse with the' halt '."
" And little wonder, Rube, little wonder. For over a year
I've been living in a city where one must stép high or stub one"s
toes against the board sidewalks, or get into the mud, where there
are no walks at all. Little wonder I step high, even here on
Ottawa's smooth, well-kept walks. One cannot break the habit
of a year in a day or two. But say, Rube, ain't these streets and
walks delightful to see after what we've had?"
II They certainly are; and, Colonel, of what does this bright,
clean, well kept city remind you ?"
"Washington City, shortly after Boss Shepherd 1?egan beauti-
fying it."
" Correct again, and the more I see of it, the more I wonder
why our people have not found it out. A few of them have, but
so few that I mean to impress upon them what they miss in com-
ing to Canada and not seeing Ottawa and its delightful surround-
ings."
" That's right, Rube, that's right. Why, just this morning I
was looking over a hotel register, and out of seventy-four names,
but four of them were from the States, and this, too, in the very
centre of the tourist season, and with ParJiament sitting as a special
attraction."
II Parliament! Why, little they know of Parliament 1
I'll tell you, Colonel, why our people don't know this city as they
should. They have not been invited to come to visit it. You know
how, that l\10ntreal and Quebec have given us a standing invita-
tion, and in a thousand ways renew that invitation each year until
we have gotten into such a habit of visiting those old towns, and
thinking of them as all of Canada, that we forget the rest of this
vast Dominion-forget that there are other places well worth a
visit, and chief among those other places is the Capital itself.

2

Ottaura, The Hub.

" Now, while I have no right to send them an invitation, t
mean to let them know the claims of Otté1wa, and what they are
passing on the way to those two older towns. I will tell them oot
only of the Hub, but of the Spokes. Spokes of natural unpolished
beauty that emanate in all directions from this Hub. I will tell
them, feeling confident that once they know of the beauties of the
Ottawa Valley, that the wheels that next time bring them to
Canada will turn toward Canada's Capital-for Canada's Capital
is a charming city, and its people are delightful to know."
The Colonel was right; Ottawa reminds one of Washington
City. Its Potomac is the Ottawa River, a river, however, as wild
and picturesque as the Potomac is dull and sluggish. Far above
the very water's edge, on a high, rocky, tree-covered bluff, stands
the Capitol Buildings-three in number-and from the tower of
the main or Parliament House, one may behold a panorama more
pleasing in natural beauty than may be seen from the great dome
on our own Capitol. I And here is
The Panormna.
To the west, reaching beyond vision, is the island-dotted river,
narrowing down from Lake Deschenes into a channel only a few
hundred feet wide, where, at the very edge of the city, it rushes
over the

Chaudiere Palls,
so wild in their swift rush that the waters are whirled into rapids
that reach clear past the city to the east beyond.
N ear the Falls, and using their power, are the great mills of
J. R. Booth, in the city, and those of the E. B. Eddy Co., on the
Hull side of the river, not to mention other great works.
Looking across the river to the north, or Province of Quebec
side, to the far-away Laurentian :l\lountains, we see in the fore-
ground the fire-devasted city of Hull, with its 14,000 people. its
churches, schools, mills, and fields of lumber (too large to call them
,. yards"), and between Hull and the foothills, a grove-covered
country extending far to the east that reminds one of the Valley of
Beauport, across from the city of Quebec-a valley so beautiful
I never tired looking over it. In the centre of this northern vi
w
is seen the Gatineau River, of whose wonders I shall tell you lat
r,
reaching back past Chelsea, on its way to the mountains. Cross-
ing the river, immediately below where we sit on the tower, is the
Interprovincial Bridge--Dne of the largest cantilever bridges on
the continent. Turning the eye toward the east, we see, just
across the famous Rideau Canal, that skirts the eastern limits of
the Capitol grounds, as it enters the river, a pretty little park
called :rvlajor's Hill. It is one of those little spots of beauty which
only the Park attendants fully enjoy. It is one of the" Don't
Parks." The very air seems to bear a placard. " Don't breathe."

Rube Gets Locked in the Tower.

3

By way of a digression, I will say that the day is coming, is now
here, in many cities, where ., Keep off the grass" is never seen-
and parks are paid for by a city for the enjoyment of its citizens,
rather than for the park attendants.
To the east is the Rideau River, beyond which, at the limit of
the city, is Rideau Hall, the home of the Governor General, and
near by is the large Rockliffe Park, on the heights above the river.
Far in the distance is seen again the Ottawa, which for a space has
been hidden from view by the tree-covered hills. This eastern
portion of the city is what was once called By town. For that
matter, "By town" was Ottawa's name until 1855. ., Oh! no;
you're wrong; it don't mean that at all. "By" was in honor of
Colonel By, the builder of the Rideau Canal. I knew you thought
I meant "by"--off to one side. Everbody who don't know thinks
that is its derivation, but instead it was named for a man of great
deeds, and the city was honored by the name."
In this portion are the markets, many churches, hospitals,
some beautiful residences, an.d far in the distance, the cemeteries.
Follow with your eye the canal, and you will see it turn at an
obtuse angle in the southern part of the city.
A mile away, there to the south, you see it passing a large
white buiding, with a high dome. There are the spacious grounds
of
The Central Canada Exhibition,
ot which I may tell ,} au later on, for it is worthy a chapter to itself.
The panorama is completed with the

Exþerimental Farm,
there in the south-western distance. It, too, wiII require a chap-
ter, as it is one of Ottawa's many attractions. This is but a hurried
glance over a beautiful city. One might sit and analyse each part
of the panorama, and not grow tired of the scene. And to the
tourist there is no better way of getting a correct notion of Ottawa
than this view from the tower.
I trust, however, that you wiII not be so unfortunate on your
visit to the tower as I was the day I went up those 208 steps. Will
I tell you the experience?

Rube gets Locked in the Tower by some Pretty School-
M arms from Iowa.
Well, you see, it was late one Saturday afternoon. I feared
I might be locked up, and so left my card. on which I wrote :
" Don't lock the door, I'm upstairs." Ah! that card was my un-
doing, for shortly after I had gone up, Joe l\IcGuire came along
with three school-marms from Iowa. The minute they saw that
card ( Joe tells the story), all three, with one accord, said: ""VV e

4.

Ottawa, The Hub.

have him at last! We will show him how to talk about us, and
say we don't know anything about Canada, as he did in his Wan-
deringYankee. Iowa school-marms don't know anything! Don't
we?" And at that they locked the door, and bribed good-natured
Joe to go back to No. 16 and leave me, until nearly dark, when his
conscience came to my rescue and let me out. His only excuse was
that" the dear girls were so pretty/' but I shall never forgive him
for allowing an Iowa teacher to so neatly turn the key on me for
my little pleasantry-but, " on the quiet," I now think far more of
the Iowa school-marms than I did. They are a pretty fair lot of
girls, after all I've said of them.

Parliament Corner Stone Laid by the Prince of Wales.
I forgave Joe, however, when he took me to see the corner
stone of the Parliament Buildings. It is immediately beneath the
Senate Chamber. We go down one flight of steps, turn to the
left, and read on a marble slab: "This Corner Stone of the
Building intended to receive the Legislature of Canada was laid
by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, on the first day of Septem-
ber, 1860."
Large Minds and Small Bodies.
As we stood looking at it, Joe casually remarked: "I have
never seen the Prince, but he must have had a very large elbow
with him the day he laid that stone."
" \Vhy do you think so, Joe?"
" Well, if all of the old men to whom I have shown that stone
stood ' next his elbow' when he laid it, as they say they did, he
would have had to have an elbow of far-reaching dimensions for
them all to have' stood next.' "
" You may not look at it in the right light, Joe," said 1 ;
"there are a lot of people who are always standing , next' who
are so small that an army of them might occupy a very narrow
space in their effort to touch elbows with the great."
Apropos of the stone. The date is in Roman numerals, and
some one has marked beneath them, in large figures, "1860." It
i <; the only instance about the Building where one may feel like
forgiving the "marker."

Fools' Nmnes are like their Faces.
I have never seen a part of a public building so vandalized as
is the tower of this one. Even the iron structure has been ::ut
into, while the wood is so full of fools' names that one cannot but
wonder where they all grew. The very board sign: "Do not
mark," is so full of names that one can scarcely read the sign. I
have often wondered what sort of a moral (?) nature these vandals
have anyhow, to want to mar beauty with their ugly names. They

How to See Ottawa.

5

must be of that species of men spoken of by Chesterfield, who boast
of things of which they should be most heartily ashamed.
From the stone Joe took me to see the " nether capitol," anù
with the engineer pointed out how the air of the building is kept
pure, and by means of miles of tubing how it is heated. The air
is drawn through tunnels that reach out hundreds of feet to the
"Lover's Walk," in the bluff near the river. It should be indeed
pure, drawn from such a source (parenthetically, the Colonel asks
which "source" I mean, the" walk" or the " bluff." You see
how critical he is on my wording.)
The engineer remarked that he did not furnish all the " hot"
air of the capitol. I did not understand just what he meant, but
smiled anyhow, as he looked as though he expected a " smile."

HOW TO SEE OTTAWA.

Some cities may be seen to the best advantage by driving, but
the wise head that designed Ottawa's car system made it possible
to best reach all points of interest by means of the many lines of
trolley cars, and it must have been the same head who chose the
conductors, for a better informed or more courteous lot of men I
have never found in any city. The conductor knows everything of
interest, and no guide was ever more obliging in pointing it out to
the tourist. The Colonel and I have often asked of him questions
we could hardly have expected him to answer, but we have yet to
ask one he could not answer, and, usually, most intelligently. This
same comment might apply to Ottawa policemen. They are
courteous, obliging, intelligent, and never give one the impression
that they think they own the city. But for that matter, Ottawa is
such a moral town that the police force has little else to do than to
look after ci'l'il-ities,

Parliament Buildings,
Before starting to see the city in general, one naturally goes
to Parliament Hill, on Wellington Street, one block north of
Sparks Street, the main street of Ottawa. It is so near to all of
the hotels that one can walk to it in a few minutes, from any of
them. The Buildings are three in number. The Capitol sets Íar
back, while the other two, the" Eastern" and" Western" depart-
ments, are nearer Wellington Street, and equally distant from the
Capitol, with a great lawn in front and between. They are built
of Ottawa grey sandstone, and trimmed with Ohio stone of lighter
color-which, to us Ohio men, adds much to their beauty. The
architecture is Gothic, and beautiful in design; especially so
he
Library, which is a part of the main building. The Eastern and
Western blocks are used for the various departments of Govern-
ment, and are admirably designed.

6

Ottawa} The Hub.

There are other departmental buildings in various parts of the
city which we will see as we go about, as it will be confusing to
speak of them here.
As we can start at no place of more interest, we will begin
with the trip to the

CENTRAL EXPERI1IENTAL FAR11.

We took a car on Sparks Street, marked" Britannia Park,"-
the one marked" Somerset Street" would have taken us just as
well. At Holland A venue, or Britannia Junction, we got a trans-
fer, and stayed on the car, to which we changed, until it stopped,
passing on the way Victoria Park, a pretty wooded grove where
they sometimes have picnics. At the end of the line
not far from
the Park, the conductor points out a turnstile, across the road, and
says, "Take that path leading through the field, and it will bring
you to the office and other buildings of the Experimental Farm."

The Path Through the Corn.
We took the path. It led us through a field of growing corn,
the first one I had been through since long years ago, when of an
early morning, basket in hand, I followed over the path leading to
the " Blackberry patch .. back by the woods. 11any the changes
since then. The woods are gone, and corn must now be growing
where stood the trees, everyone of which I can yet see in
memory. In memory, too, are brought back, by this" path through
the corn," many a one who, like the old trees, are gone, and few of
us are left to take their places on the old farm--once home. \\That
memories a common-place path can bring back!

The Colonel and the Bees.

We leave the corn on reaching a little farm wagon road, which
runs alongside of growing crops-oats, peas, barley. To the right
is an orchard, with fruit of many kinds. A cherry tree, laden and
ripe, tempts the Colonel, but he resists the temptation, and we pass
on, leaving untouched the luscious fruit. The Colonel is naturally
honest, and his honesty is ever enhanced if a high barb-wire fence
stands between him and the cherries. We soon leave the growing
grain and orchard, and find ourselves in a beautiful park-like
ground. with fine buildings scattered here and there along weU-
kept roadways and smooth walks. \Ve pass by where John Fixter,
the farm foreman, is hiving bees-two swarms into one. The
Colonel, like myself, has memories, on seeing Fixter and the bees.
He now has some more memories, and things on his mind, but they
will go " down" in a day or two.

Experimental Fan,.".

7

Like " Happy Hooligan," he wants to help, and climbs over
the fence to offer assistance, and tell John the best way to do it.
He didn't stay long, however, and got back bver quicker than he
went. In his haste he brought a whole lot of John's bees with
him, which he wanted to share with me, but I didn't need any bees
that day, and ran away, leaving them all to him.
He said he would not have minded it so much" if the pesky
things hadn't got inside."
Fixter, later on, told him that salt and vinegar, well rubbed in,
was very good to take down aggravated cases, and the Colonel is
doing quite well this morning. And, again, what is a proof of the
lately suggested theory on rheumatism, the Colonel has been quite
cured of his " twinges" by those numerous hypodermic adminis-
trations of John's bees. I did hear him say, howe\'er, that he was
no Alopath, and preferred homeopathic treatment, as the doses are
so much smaller.
" There is the office, the one with the flag pole," answers a
courteous workman, as we stopped running and inquired, and we
are soon talking with one of the most charming gentlemen we
have met in Canada, Wm. Saunders, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S.,
F.C.S., the Director of the Dominion Experimental Farms.
He was so delightful that I don't believe that all those
many letters following his name would have scared us, even had
we known of them at the time, which we did not, and we talked
to him as simple" Mister Saunders."
I wonder if the Dominion of Canada fully appreciates what
this man has done for it during the past sixteen years. This Cen-
tral farm is but one of five' under his supervision. The others are
at Nappan,
.S.; Brandon, :Manitoba; Indian Head, N.W.T.; and
Agassiz, B.C.
\Vhen I looked over that park-like farm of nearly five hundred
acres, and saw its botanical beauty, well-kept fields, fine improved
stocks of cattle, horses, sheep and hogs, and saw its acres of lawns
and miles of well-rounded roadways, and was shown the books
and intricacy of office work there was to do. I could scarce believe
that far less than one hundred men were employed to do it.
Every milking of every cow is weighed as long as that cow
is kept on the farm, and a record is strictly entered. All varieties
of grain are tested, and their productiveness noted. Last year over
35,000 samples of grain for seed were sent out, and what is re-
markable, one-third of the farmers receiving those samples report-
ed back the result of their sowing or planting. This is the very
best indication that the farmers of Canada are interested in this
work. I am sorry to say that onr own farmers take no snch in-
terest, as is proven by what for years has not been returned to -.:he
Smithsonian Institute at \Vashington.
The divisions of work on the Farm are: Agriculture, under J.
H. Grisdale, B. Agr.; Horticulture, under \V. T. l\lacoun, son of

8

Ottawa, The Hub.

the famous Prof. l\Iacoun; Chemistry, under F. T. Shutt, :M.A.;
Entomologist and Botanist, James Fletcher, LL.D. ; Poultry
:Manager, A. G. Gilbert.
Dr. Charles Saunders, son of Director Wm. Saunders, is now
connected with the farm, being in charge of one of the most inter--
esting branches of all, that of producing, by crossing, new varieties
of grain, and fruit.
H ow New Varieties of Fruit and Grain are produced.
As an illustration, here is what to me is very wonderful. Crab
apple trees from far up in Siberia are crossed by pollenizing with
some hardy northern apple, and a new one produced, which may
be grown profitably in the Northwest. The blossom of the apple
is opened just before it blooms, and the pollen of the crab apple
bloom is applied to it; then the branch of the tree so treated is
bound up or covered for a few days with a paper bag, to keep out
all other pollen. The product is a much larger apple than the
Siberian crab. The seed from this is in turn planted, and the tree
produced is used for either grafting or budding on to the root of
the Siberian crab, or any other hardy apple root.
Another branch of Dr. Charles Saunders' work is the produc-
ing of new varieties of grain. This is done by crossing, and choice
selections made from the result. Some very valuable varieties of
grain have been thus pröduced; nearly 100 varieties of oats alone
have been on trial for the past two years. The Doctor is trying LO
produce wheat (119 varieties of spring, and 20 of fall wheat are
under trial) that will ripen early, in order that the harvest of the
great fields of the West may be extended by sowing different kinds
of wheat, the early, the medium, and the late. In barley, 74 dif-
ferent sorts have been tested during 1902.
Rube Talks U Farm" to the Farmers.
All the other branches are of interest, as they are developed
here, but space will not permit of giving them. If only the farmer
can be induced to farm intelligently, then this work of the Gover:l-
ment will be of vast value, not only to the individual, but to the
nation as well; but somehow the farmer plods along, using only
his hands, while his brain is asleep. I know what I'm saying, for
I was a farmer myself. "Any old way" suits the majority, while
if they would use half the brain power that it takes to run a corner
grocery store, they would not be the plodders that they are. Th
y
must think as well as plow, and when farming is conducted as 31-
most any mercantile business is conducted, it will not be nearly
such hard work, and the profits far greater. How few farmers
get out of their. lands what they should receive, and would receive
if they had sense enough to do it right, but they have not. I had
not myself, and quit so that I might go to writing books, to tell
the rest how it should be done.

Rube's Lecture on Farming.

9

One branch of profit which so few take advantage of is that
of poultry raising, which, by the incubator, is now so easy.
Come around, my brother" Hayseeds," and sit down while I
talk to you three minutes on
Poultry and Things.
You have sons and daughters, most of you. Give the children
a chance. Get them incubators, and give them half the profits.
Your half will be that much gained, and you may keep the boys at
home by giving them a "show." The boy hates farming becaase
he does not see any of the money coming his way; and again, when

if The Calf Eat its Blame Head off Long Ago!}}
you promise him a share see that he gets it. I knew a farmer who
used to give his boy a calf as an encouragement for extra work,
but, bless you, when the calf grew up the Íarmer would sell it and
keep the money. And if the boy protested, the father would say:
" Why, the thing has eaten its blame head off long ago!" And the
boy never got even the price of the original calf. Result: he left
the old farm and drifted out into the world, and to this day hates
the very thought of farming. Treat the boys as though thèy were
business men not as children. It will instill into them the business
principles which too often are instilled too late, if at all. Again,
be fair with the boys, for even a child appreciates fairness, and he
will love vou far more, and remember you far longer, than if yuu
sold the grown up calf because it had ,. eat its blame head off long
ago. "
I have said "boys" in talking to you; I didn't mention the
dear girls, as they are patient and loving, and not so liable to drift.
But for all that, don't impose upon their patience; be fair to them,
and if you promise to give them half the poultry, give it to them;
but whatever you do, start the youngsters into poultry raising, and
the profits will take the place of many a dollar that otherwise mnst
come from the crib or the granary.

if Daddy}} and his Little World.
Farmers, keep posted in your farming, as the mercantile busi-
ness men keep posted. Don't be content with what you see around
home, and think your little circle is the world, for it is not. I shall
never forget one day when I was sowing oats. A neighbor pass-
ing along the road called over: " Rube, what-cher sowin'?"
" Oats," said 1.
" You're foolish," said he, " why, everbody is sowin' oats this
year, an oats won't be worth nawthin' !"
" Yes, but, 'Daddy,' you must not count on what is being
sowed right here around home; take in the whole country in your
calcula tion."

10

Ottawa., The Hub.

" I do, I do; why a way out ter Dia/ton they're sow-in' na.w-
thin' but oats I"
DiaIton was five miles west of ., our house," but" Turm JJ
thought it was the limit. It was the ,. limit," but not the ,:me
" Baughman" meant. This neighbor had many names, the above
are only a few of them. He has since grown wiser and extended
his horizon, but there are yet many" Turms " among the farmers,
whose little world ends where the sun sets.
But let's get back to the Experimental Farm; I've talked too
long already on farming; but somehow, sometimes we do love to
talk on things we dislike, and I do dislike the slipshod way in which
farming is too often conducted, and to see how smoothly the
various branches, are run on this park-like farm is a real joy, when
compared with the old. No, not the" old," for even the Greek
Thales who lived 630 B.C., did what the Chemist, Prof. F. T.
Shutt, is now doing. He examined every object that came within
his reach, the soil, the waters, and everything that he could get at.
He was the first to want to know "why?" and, of course, his con-
clusions were very crude, but had those conclusions, crude though
they were, been followed up intelligently, we would be far in ad-
vance of where we are to-day; but science, like the farmer, has
been asleep most of the cycles since then. Now that it is awaken-
ed, try, my brothers, to open your eyes, and see that your crops are
grown from the best seed, and in the best way; your animals and
fowls the most profitable breed Y011 can get; the fruits the best
varieties; and then farming will not only be profitable, but a plea-
sure. Now that my " lecture" is over, we will go out with the
botanist, to the
Arboretum and Botanic Garden
departments of the farm, which give to it its rare beauty. "We
have here," said he, as we got among the" Arboretums," "over
3,000 varieties of trees and shrubs from all parts of the world, a.nd
more than three-fourths of them are suitable for this climate." He
was very kind, and pointed out to us many of the varieties. " This
is a fine specimen of Ulmus Glabra Scampstoniensis," said he,
pointing to a tree that all my life I had innocently looked upon as
an Elm, and never until that dav did I dream that I had been call-
ing it the wrong name ever since my boyhood. And a little fur-
ther on he stopped and said: "This is one of our specimens of
Salix Babylonica Annularis," and there stood a tree from whose
branches I had often taken twigs upon which to string fish, but I
had never called it that awful name; if I had I'm sure it would
have taken too long to string the fish. I alwåys had thought it a
water willow, but I had again found I had made a whole life's mis-
take-and so it was with all the trees of my early youth. He even
called the noble oak a " Quercus "-which was hardly fair to the
oak. I have ever wondered why those apple limbs father used to
use hurt so, but now see, they were not apple limbs at all, but

Britannia Trip.

I I

"Pyrus ]\Ialus Floribunda Atra-Sanguinea" -especially" San-
guinea," as they did so make the blood tingle.
These are but a few samples of the three thousands or more
varieties in that Arboretum. I don't now wonder why, that over
three-fourths of them can stand this climate; their names should
keep them alive in any climate.
\Ve left the Arboretum and returned to the office, from which
l\lr. Saunders took us to see some of the drives and walks, and
pointed out far across to the east and south-east some magnificent
views. The Farm is ideally located to the south-west of the city,
and just beyond the city limits. In time a great driveway is to be
completed; it is now begun by the Commission. It is to start at
Rideau Hall, run up to the Rideau Canal, along which it is to fol-
low out, and end at the Farm. Here and there beside its course
is to be little park-like beauty spots, with trees and flowers. Oh,
how delightful when completed! I just can't help thinking Ottawa
does not fully appreciate all of its possibilities and beauties. They
told us of the Faro1, but we got from them the impression that it
was a place to raise the best kinds of grain, while in reality J\;lr.
Saunders, besides finding the best in grain and stock, has made of
it a beauty spot worthy a visit of all lovers of the possibilities in
floral nature.
No visitor to Ottawa should think of leaving the city withmlt
seeing the Central Experimental Park-as Park it surely is.
There is now being erected here a large building for the wca-
ther bureau. "J oe," who drove us back to the city in the Park
wagon, pointed out another large structure which is being built.
He said it is to be a "Lavitory for chimical expiriments."
Yes, by all means go to see the "Experimental Farm."
vVe later found that the car marked" Gladstone Ave." would
have taken us by a shorter route. It is also taken from either
Sparks or Bank St.

BRITANKIA TRIP.

The Britannia trip is one of the most enjoyable outings about
Ottawa. It reminds one of the run out from Brooklyn, passing
down the Bay to Coney Island, only that it is more in the country,
and again it is west instead of south. As usual, you take the car
on Sparks Street, going west; take either the one marked "Britan-
nia," or the one marked "Somerset Street." You turn south on
Bank, and thence to and out Somerset. Somerset is well paved,
and its pretty rows of shade trees and neat detachcd houses, with
their well-kept lawns, is a pleasant sight. We pass nothing of
note till we reach Bay Street, after which, at 578, we see the house
of The Victorian Order of K urses, and at the corner of Bell, we
see the quaint little Church of
t. Luke's, Rev. Thos. Garrett,
rector. At Division Street, we begin to see the effects of the re-

12

Ottawa, The Hub.

cent fire that swept almost everything clear to the ground for a
long and wide scope, running to the bridge which crosses the
C. P. R. tracks.
l-lintonburgh
Begins at Fourth Avenue, where Somerset ends as it merges into
the Richmond Road. The Capucian Fathers' church and school
are seen to the left, after which we pass the tree-embowered home
of Judge Ross, and a little further along toward Queen Street, we
see to the right The Boys' Home. Weare soon in the country
after passing Queen Street. Two turns and we are going up the
Britannia Road, along which the conductor (43) points out pro-
minent places: "Here's the Holland property. There's Fred,
Heney's fine house. Fred is Reeve of Nepean." I didn't stop to
ask him what" Reeve" meant. I had never heard the word be-
fore. No, I didnt' stop him. .. There to the left is the St.
Hubert's Gun Club grounds. This is now

Westboro.
That's J. E. Cole's house. Cole owns all this land along here,
lands worth $200 and upward an acre. Yes, very cheap, so near
town. That's John J\IcKellar's fine place to the right. That rail-
road paralleling our track? That is the C.P.R. Yes, the C.P,R.
comes into Ottawa from all directions. Great road that, but it
looks as though the Liberals are going to get " sociable" in an-
other àirection. Yes, here's Britannia," and so he ran on. He
knew everything. It's a pleasure to meet with conductors who
know, and who are so courteous in telling it as are these Ottawa
boys. At Britannia the trolley company have gone to much ex-
pense in beautifying the place. They have built a wide pier 1,000
feet long out into the river, which here is Deschenes Lake,
of which I shall make frequent mention. It forms here
a half circle, along the east side of which are many pretty
cottages, and a boat club house. Along the south part
of the circle, the land between the road and the
lake has been turned into a park, with pavilions, bath houses, &c.
The beach is an ideal one for bathing, especiaIly for children. The
little ones may wade out almost to the end of the pier without
danger. This land where Britannia stands was once a part of a
large estate, that of the noted Captain LeBreton, and the Lake was
called Chaudiere Lake, by Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Bouchette, who
wrote of it in 1832.
The viIlage, with its two churches and neat cottages, is .me
of Ottawa's most fashionable suburbs. J\111ch is due to J\1r. John
Jamieson, who, like Bradley at Asbury Park, has made a pretty
resort out of what was once but a sand beach.
Some people of national note reside here. I might say inter-
national, or even world-wide, as you shall see. Afew of them are:

Britannia Trip.

13

1r. VV. J. Lynch, head of the Patent Office Department, under
1Iinister of Agriculture Sidney Fisher, Ottawa; ex-l\layor Fred.
Cook; Charles ßlorse, LL.D., of the Exchequer Court; Mr. E.
Taschereau, son of the Chief Justice of Canada; l\lr. Errol Bou-
chette, a well-known author; :Messrs. Arthur and Henry Taché,
of the famous seigniorial Taché family; the Rosenthals, the lead-
ing jewellers of Ottawa-Samuel, one of the sons, an Alderman,
has done much for athletics, and is ever looking after the interests
of its young men in general; Mr. Fred. C. Capreol-11rs. Capreol
is a niece of the late Sir James Edgar; 1\lr. Fred. Graham, of the
great firm of Bryson, Graham & Co., on Sparks Street; l\Irs. Willis
Wainwright; l\Ir. Robert Burland, manager of the British Bank
Note Company; Mr. Robert Masson, merchant, Mr. Wm. Howe,
manufacturer; l\Ir. Edward Brittain, of the Finance Department;
l\1r. T. S. Kirby, Mr. T. Blythe and 1\Ir. J. Watson, merchants;
and-well, you had better get the directory, as everybody seems to
be prominent in Britannia Bay.
I said: " International or even world-wide." What will you
think down home when I tell you that in this pretty little suburb
of Ottawa, I found the famous scientist, Prof. E, Stone vViggins,
1!.A., B.A., LL.D., M.D. Yes, I found in Britannia the man
whose name is better known, and known over a wider range, than
possibly any other Canadian, for I am sure there is not a nook or
corner in our own country where the famous Doctor's name IS
not household. I shall never forget how, in 1883, we did all watch
for that storm he predicted for :March 5th. None of us believed
that such a thing was possible for any living man to say in Sept-
ember that on the following March-six months away-one of the
greatest storms ever known would occur, and when it came exactly
to the day as he had said, our surprise was unbounded, and the
name of Wiggins was fixed indelibly in our minds, and when w-e
were told that Prof. E. Stone Wiggins resided in Britannia, we
felt that we had found an old friend of our boyhood.
I t will be a surprise to many to know that it was this scientist
who first suggested wireless telegraphy. The Doctor, in 1884, in
an interview which appeared in the Brooklyn Union, Septel1lb
r
6th, quite clearly outlined telegraphing without the use of wires.
Scarcely less famous is his wife, especiallv so in Canada and
in England, where the" Gunhilda Letters ,. had so far-reaching
influence in making it lawful in Canada to marry your deceased
wife's sister. I have seldom if ever read words more powerful
than are contained in these letters, and never from the pen of a
woman have I read their equal for strength of expression. The
research indicates years of study, while the construction is unap-
proachable and unanswerable for the purpose for which they =lre
intended.
It was our pleasure to meet these two cultured people, and a
rare pleasure it was. Their home, " Arbor House," is a literary

14

Ottawa, The Hub.

centre where gather a coterie of the very choicest of Ottawa's
brilliant minds.
Later: Just as my book is going to press, Ottawa is shaken
by the earthquake predicted by the Professor as far back as 1886
and again in 1894. In the latter year in an interview for the New
York Herald, he said: "An earthquake will appear in Canada in
the fan of 1 904." This quake came on schedule time, and the
shoulder shrugging critic simply shrugs an extra shrug and says:
"It was only another of the Doctor's correct guesses."

The Britannia Boat Club

has a fine club house at the village. It is famous for its many
successes.
I ts officers are: Hon. President, W m. W yld; Hon. Vice-
Presidents, Thos. Ahearn and F. J. Graham; President, Robert
:Masson; Vice-President, W. L. Donnelly; Hon. Secretary, Louis
J. Kehoe; Hon. Treasurer, E. L. Brittain; Directors, A. Taché,
E. R. ,l\IcNeill, D. Burns, "V. Healy, R. Burland, and Harry
Rosenthal; Librarian, E. E. Stockton.
Among the successes of this club was the winning, in 19 02 ,
of the war canoe championship of Canada, under the auspices of
the Canadian Canoe Association.
The club has a membership of 200, consisting of resident and
non-resident members. Its fortnightly dances are very popular.
And its regattas are events of great interest.

CHAUDIERE FALLS LINE.

As usual, start on Sparks Street, but be careful this time to see
that your car is marked" Chaudiere Falls." It leaves Sparks at
Bank, and goes one block north to Wellington, and then west.
Around Bank and Wellington are some points of prominence. On
Bank, across \Vellington, in the Parliament grounds, are the
Supreme Court buildings, in which are the Supreme Court,
Supreme Court library, Exchequer Court, and at the south-west
corner, the J\letropolitan Business College.
From Bank west, WeIIington is a business street. At 220
is the fine home of the American Bank Note Company; beyond is
the large ruins of the Hotel Cecil, now being rebuilt, and near by
the British American Bank Note Company, and at the corner of
Kent Street, St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church; the pastor is
Rev. W. T. Herridge, of whose rare ability we had heard much
said, and later, often listened to with delight. He is one of
Canada's greatest preachers.

Chaudiere Falls' Trip.

15,

Perley Home.

That large residential-looking house to the right or north side
was once the home of l\Ir. \Villiam Goodhue Perley. It was given
by the heirs as a Home for Incurables, and on January 21st, 1897,
formally opened by His Excellency the Governor General and
Lady Aberdeen.
Its founders are among the most prominent people of Ottawa,
Mr. John IV!. Garland, a leading merchant, is President. Secretary,
G. A. Burgess, B.A., LL.B. Treasurer, John H. Dewar. l\Ess
Crawford is superintendent.

Ottawa Water Works.

Where the car turns off on to Queen Street West are the
really up-to-date waterworks of the city, with its 25 million capa-
city, now pumping, by water power (4,000 horse power), II mil-
lions gallons per day. It is always a pleasure to find "something
from home," if it be but a bit of machinery or manufacture. Here
we found three water wheels, the Leffel, made in our home town--
Springfield, Ohio-thirty years ago, and they are still at work.
Ottawans are sensible in using large mains. From 24-inch mains
the pipes run'to 5 inches in the most distant parts of the city, with
12 and IS inch pipes in the business portion. The surroundings
of the pumping plant are' park-like and very pretty.
We find but little of interest until we reach the great mills of
J. R. Booth, possibly the greatest saw mills in the world. Hel'e
are cut 125,000,000 feet per year, not to mention millions of lath,
shingles, etc. I have told elsewhere of the phenomenal rise of this
remarkable man, who from a poor farmer boy has reached the top
in a number of lines; how that he now owns timber limits that
would make nearly five such states as Rhode Island, and the m03t
ot a railway extending from Vennont to Georgian Bay, with a well
started city of his own at the end of the line-Depot Harbor-and
a line of grain steamships, with a chain of elevators of millions
capacity. I wanted to meet and know such a man,

Rube Gets Acquainted.

but had no excuse, and had to make one. U l\1r. Booth," said I, on
meeting him, "a man once went to see Barnum, 'Don't want a
thing,' said the man, , don't want a thing; I only wanted to see you.'
Same here; just wanted to meet the man who had done things-
good day." ,. Hold on;' said he, as I started to go, and then I
found the great J. R. Booth as genial as he is successful, and the

16

Ottawa, The Hub.

Colonel and I were shown through the mills, where 1,000 men and
boys were at work in the various departments, the most interesting
of which was the making of shingles. My eyes! The rapidity
with which those boys turned out shingles went beyond anything
I had ever seen in wood working.
Immediately beyond the Booth mills are

The Chaudiere Falls.
I cannot describe them; you must turn over to my picture gallery
and see for yourselves. We had wondered from whence came the
power that ran the 43 miles of Ottawa's trolley lines, but found it
in the immense electrical works near the Falls. They are most
complete. Beyond the bridge, just at the Falls, we come to the
City of Hull, which will require a separate sketch. Just here yon
must ask the conductor to point out to you

The Devil's Hole.
He may tell you that a horse and cart once dropped into it, and that
nothing but the cart was ever seen, and it came out a mile or two
below. "The horse, no doubt, served as food for the cat fish." It
seems that there must be a subterraneous passage of nearly two
miles long.

The Ottawa Cave.
Ottawa, of course, once had its cave, but the retaining wall of
vVellington Street, at the east side of Pooley's Bridge, at the Water-
works, shut its mouth, so the old citizens must speak for it, The
venturesome ones will tell you how" when we were boys we often
used to go into the cave, which runs east under the great bluff to
Concession Street, and we don't know how much further."

ON THE ELGIN STREET LINE.

Elgin Street is the first street west of the Russell House. It
has much of interest, and is one of the important streets of
Ottawa.
Walk down a block while waiting for a car. To the right
corner of Sparks is the Canadian Pacific ,ticket office and the ex
press department of the same company to the left. N ext, to the
right, is the office of the Evening] mwnal.
Central Chambers, extending to Queen Street, is possibly the
most prominent office building in Ottawa. Here are the offices of
the Board of Trade. Two great and well known companies of
Boston and N ew York City have here their Canadian offices: the
Shepherd & l\'Iorse Lumber, and the Export Lumber Companies.

Elgin Street Trip.

17

N. A. Belcourt, member of Parliament for Ottawa, and
Speaker of the House; the Canada Atlantic Railway Company,
and many others prominent, are in the Central.
Across to the north side of the street we find the Ottawa
Free Press J' next, to the left, across Queen Street, is the beautiful
City Hall, in front of which is a fine Soldiers' Monument, erected
by the gifts of 3 0 ,000 children of Ottawa and adjoining counties.
It was erected in memory of the brave boys who fell in South
Africa in the late Boer War.
Just to the rear of the City Hall, on Queen Street, is the
Police Station. At the south-west corner of Elgin and Queen IS
the Grand Union Hotel, one of the best in Ottawa.
At the south-east corner of Albert (the next) Street is the
Knox Presbyterian Church, Rev. D. 1\1. Ramsay, pastor. On the
opposite (west) corner is the Congregational Church. Rev. \Vm.
l\1cIntosh, pastor. East, on Slater Street, are the offices of the
l\,filitia Department. Here also we find Jas. W. Woods, with the
largest wholesale store in the city. On the north-west corner of
:M:aria Street is the Ottawa Amateur Athletic Club: G. S. May,
President; J. R. l\1unro, Secretary-Treasurer; G. N. N orthwood,
Auditor. The church opposite is the First Baptist, Rev. A. A.
Cameron, pastor. This is an important locality. East on l\1ana
Street, toward the Laurier Bridge (a block away), we see to the
left the fine club house of the Knights of Columbus, and a little
further along, St. Patrick's Hall. It is here at Elgin Street that

The Commission Driveway
begins. It goes east to the canal, then turning south, runs up
along the north bank of this water way, out to the Experimental
Farm. Here l'vlaria Street is a double driveway, with grass plot
and double rows of trees in the centre.

The C,.eat Drill Hall
for all the city regiments is at the end of Cartier Square, seen here
along the south side of the Driveway. The Emmanuel Reformed
Episcopal Church, Rev. T. Hubert, pastor, is at the next corner,
on Elgin.
V\T est, on Gloucester, a half block, is a large school, the Con-
gregation de K otre Dame. On Elgin Street, next beyond Em-
manuel Church, was the home of the late J. W. l\lcRae, brother
of Sir Hector l\IcRae. To the left, beyond Cartier Square, is the
l\Iodel School, and on the east end of the same block is the Coi-
leO'iate Institute, dating back to 1843. Up to 1875, Elgin Street
ocly ran to Lisgar. That year it was continued out to Lansdowne
Park. :Mr. A. S. Woodburn, then Secretary of the Agri-"
cultural Fair, was instrumental in bringing about this improve-
ment. Up to that time Bank Street was the only. means of reach.

18

Ottawa, The Hub.

ing the Park, or Fair ground. Beyond Lisgar Street, on the west
side, is the Protestant Orphans' Home. To the left, on the cor-
ner, is the beautiful home of l\lr. Levi Crannel, of the firm of
Bronson & Crannell, prominent manufacturers. On the south-
east corner of Somerset Street is the Anglican Grace Church,
Rev. J. F. Gorman, rector. (Rev. Mr. Gorman is said to be a
most effective writer as well as preacher.) At the north-east
corner of :l\Iac1aren Street is the gopular young ladies' school of
Miss A. N. Harmon, and at the south-west corner, the residence
of J\Ir. J. F. Booth, son of J. R. Booth.

Minto Square
is seen here. It occupies the block between J\lac1aren and Gil-
mour Streets, and runs from Elgin to Cartier Streets. Just acr03S
from the square is the Elgin Street Kindergarten School. At
the south-east corner of Gilmour Street is the only Unitarian
Church in Ottawa, Rev. R. J . Hutcheon, J\I.A., pastor. We come
to a large hospital at the south-east corner of Lochiel Street, St.
Luke's General Hospital, connected with which are some of the
most prominent physicians and surgeons in the city. On the wide
block to the right, between l\IcLeod and Argyle, and running
west nearly to Bank Street, is to be located the great National
l\luseum. It will be one of the finest of the Government build-
ings, and an ornament to the ci ty.
At Argyle the car turns, and the line ends at the canal bridge,
one block to the east. The Commission Driveway is here seen
again along the canal, passing through the subway under the
Canada Atlantic, a block to the south.
" Colonel," said I, " let's cross the bridge and see what is on
the other side." \Ye go over, to what the guide book calls" Road
Concession," but the people we ask call it " l\lain Street, Ottawa
East." We follow it ea
t a few blocks and find
The Priests' Farm,
or St. Joseph's Scholasticate, with Rev. Father Duvis as Superior.
It is a larg
stone building, with beautifully kept grounds in front
and all about.

ALBERT STREET.

This is the line by which the Union Station, on Rochester
Street, is reached, and, as elsewhere stated, from this station you
take the train" up the Gatineau." The Pontiac road, and some
of the C. P. R. trains to l\Iontreal and Toronto, start from here.
Take the car on Sparks or Bank Streets-the one marked "Union
Depot."
As usual, we ask the conductor to point out any places of in-
terest, or the homes of those prominent, as we go along. "That's

Sussex Street Trip.

19

the Catholic Apostolic Church at Lyon Street. Here at Bay
Street, occupying a block, is the Presbyterian Ladies' College of
Ottawa, with the Conservatory of :l\Iusic in the same grounds.
Across the street, on the corner of Bay, is the home of Daniel
O'Connor, lawyer, of a very old By town family. At 443 is the
residence of .NIr. vVm. Hutchison, Canadian Commissioner, Presi-
dent of the Central Exhibition Association, and now in charge cf
the St. Louis Fair exhibit. He was once member of Parliament
for Ottawa. At 451 resides James D. Fraser, treasurer of our
car lines. There, at 470, lives Charles Bryson, a member of one
of the largest departmental stores, Bryson & Graham, and here,
at Concession, is l\Iorley Donaldson, General Superintendent of
the Canada Atlantic Railway. Up there to the left, on the hill, on
Victoria Avenue, you see, a large church; that is St. Jean Baptiste
Church of the Dominican Fathers, a convent and a sepan.te
school. .,
Shortly after this we reach Rochester Street, a short distance
to the right we come to the station. This locality was near the
centre of the 1900 fire that swept across from Hull. That fire
burned about everything in this part of its path, including the
station building. The large stone ruin you see to the south was
the palatial home of J. R. Booth. The extensive building now
under construction to the left as you turn to the station is to be
the mill of Davidson & Thackray, whose immense mills on Sparks,
running through to Queen Street, were entirely consumed in the
June fire of this year. This firm is one of the most extensive sash
and door manufacturers on the continent, their trade extending to
all parts of the world.

SUSSEX STREET OR THE BRIDGES AND WHAT YOU
SEE AROUND THEl\L

Haw little interest the average citizen takes in the things
around him! This I could not but note, one day when the Colonel
and I stood waiting to take the car marked "Rockliffe." vVe
were on the Sparks Street bridge, there by the Post Office, where
two bridges cross the Rideau Canal, running so nearly into one,
at the east end, that they might have been named the "V"
bridges.
"
That bridge is this?" I asked.
"The Rideau Canal bridge," said the man, who had all the
appearancè of having an intellect.
" What bridge is that?" pointing to another, leading across
at Wellington Street on the north side of the Post Office.
"That is the Rideau Canal bridge too." I gave him up
and after asking a number of others we finally met the "old
citizen "-and then we had to listen.

20

Ottawa, The Hub.

" This one on Sparks Street is the old 'Sappers bridge built
at the time of the canal was dug, 1827, it used to run solid up
to the water but when the railway ran through it had to be blasted
out, there beyond, for the tracks. It as originally very narrow-
notice under there and you will see how it was widened. That
new bridge crossing to \Vellington Street is Dufferin Bridge,
built under the mayoralty of Eugene l\1artineau in 1873. Samuel
Keefer, brother of our present great civil engineer, T. C. Keefer,
was the designer, and the buiider was James Goodwin, father of
George Goodwin.
"This is the Post Office here on the West bank of the canal,
see underneath is the Custom House, reached by wagons from
across the street where the ground falls away, there through that
pretty little park. Say you ought to have seen that park three
years ago. It was John Heney's wood yard. You wouldn't have
thought our Improvement Commission could have brought so
much of beauty out of that old yard-but say strangers, we've
got the best Improvement Commission in Canada. Have YO!.1
seen what they've done for this town? Beats anything I ever saw
-inside of ten years they will make Ottawa a little Paradise.
, That?' Oh, that's the Canada Atlantic Railway station; we're
going to have a new one in 1954-the picture and plans are all
ready to start. Oh, yes; they've been ready for years. It's too
fine for this generation, so it's been put off. The Canadian Paci-
fic Railway use it too. You just ought to have seen that ground
before J. R. Booth started to build the Canada Atlantic. (l\1et
Booth yet? He's a great man.) I t used to be a basin, and the
canal ran all over it. No, I don't mean the station, I mean it ran
over where it stands. 'That bridge over there, four blocks south?
Oh, that's Laurier Bridge, across at l\1aria Street.' Of course,
you know that Colonel John By started to build this canal in 1826.
, No?' Yes, he began in 1826, and finished it in 1832. Sir John
Franklin laid the corner stone in 1827. 'What?' Oh, yes; it
was before he was lost in his attempt to find the North Pole. It
has eight locks between here and the river-one right after the
other-with an 82 feet drop. That house on the east side, the one
cut in two by the trolley, was Colonel Coffin's house. Some say
it is haunted, but that's because its empty. Colonel By lived in
a rubble stone house, one story, with verandahs. It stood over
there in what is now Major Hill Park-named after Major
Bol ton.
H Walk across to the other end of this bridge, past the en-
trance to the station. Yes, down those steps to the right for the
Central railway station. Look, there's the Major Hill Park! It
used to be an ugly-looking ground before the Park was made.
'That monument there in front?' It is the monument built by the
citizens of Ottawa for 'Vm. B. Osgoode and John Rogers, who
were killed in the Northwest, during the Riel Rebellion, in 1885.

The Old Citizen Talks.

21

Nice men, I knew 'em both well. I was in that rebellion, and
might have had my name carved on that monument too ! You
see, it was like this. One night we had gone into camp, not
thinking-CWhat?' Yes, that is the car to Rockliffe. You see,
it was like this. One night, we had-," but we hadn't time to
wait, and may never know what he had that night. It was pos-
sibly a dream.
" You found one that time, Rube; I guess he beats. our Mont-
real ' old citizen,' " said the Colonel, just as we left Rideau Street.
(Sparks Street stops at the bridges, and becomes Rideau Street.)
and turned in to Sussex, to the left, just east of the bridges.
On this car was another of those obliging conductors (79.)
\Vhen he saw that we were strangers, he began to point out
places. "That's St. John's Church to the left, Rev. Canon Pol-
lard, rector. That's the Geological 11useum to the right; you
must visit this, specially, as it is full of things worth seeing. This
very wide street is York, where the market is located. That's
the Basilica Church to the right; back there to the left, a block,' is
the Government Printing Bureau; yes, that big red brick build-
ing. Here, at Water Street, down half a block, is the Catholic
General Hospital. Thence, as we turn to run along the river is
Qneen's \Vharf, where the Ottawa River Navigation Company's
steamer ' Empress' starts down to l\lontreal, or rather to Gren-
ville, where you have to change. Great trip that! Ever take it?
Everybody takes it. You can go down to Grenville and back for
50 cents. There to the left, on the river bank, is the Ottawa
Rowing Club, 37 years old. Lord lVlinto is patron. Hon. presi-
dent is John :l\Ianuel. The President is W. F. Boardman; 'Jice-
presidents, C. W. Badgeley and F. Grierson; captain, W. A.
Cameron, the great canoeist, and hon. secretary, R. W. Nichols.

This little þark to the right?' It's Bingham's Park, named for
one of our big citizens, and there a little further along to the right
is his residence. Back there at the end of Dalhousie Street is
where Sir John :rYlacdonald lived. Here, on both sides of the
Rideau River are the lumber mills of the W. C. Edwards Com-
pany. Edwards is another of our great mill men. Here's another
branch of the Rideau. ' Yes, these are all the Edwards' mills.
They have a lot of others, at Rockland, down the Ottawa, 28
miles. That's W. C. Edwards' house to the left; yes, that big
stone house among the trees. And here to the right, with the big
red gate, is Rideau Hall.
The Governor General's House.
" The grounds run far back to the south and east. \Ve pa.;s
alongside of them to Rockliffe Park, which begins right here on
the left. 'Oh, yes; this is a beautiful park.' Thousands come
out here of a Saturday and Sunday, and many picnics are held
here-family picnics. Yon notice, it is all natural, and you Jon't

22

Ottawa, The Hub.

have to keep off the grass; so the children can romp and tumble
over it all theYI please. Up there is the band stand, where the band
often comes to play. Did you ever see such an ideal spot? It
has rocks-that's why its "Rockcliffe "-and trees, and look
down, there's the river, and over there is Gatineau Point. ' Yes,
over there where you see the big church and the little houses';
that's the Gatineau River. Finest trip anybody ever took, and-
but here we are at the end of the run. 'That path?' It leads up
to 'Lornado,' \V. Y. Soper's beautiful summer home. Wait a few
minutes and a car will come to take you on to
The Rifle Range.
Two miles down the river. 'Vvhat?' Oh, don't mention it; we
boys like to tell tourists what to see along our lines. Good day.
Oh, thanks; I can't smoke now, but I will save it until I'm off
duty."
We got out, went into the pavillion waiting room, and were
delighted with the view to be had from there, across the river.
Here we found a Boston artist friend; sketching that big church
at Gatineau Point, and backing it with the beautiful Laurentians,
far to the north-west.
" Rube, there's our car!" And I had to stop admiring that
view and get aboard the trolley. We found No. 47 no exception.
When he saw that we wanted to know, doncher known, he began
telling us of each place of interest, as we passed along. He was
not in a hurry, as he only had to make a trip every IS minutes.
" There is the Ottawa Canoe Club on the river bank."
,. No," said the Colonel, ,. we passed that just this side of
Oueen's Wharf!"
,.., " Wrong, mister; that was the Ottawa Rowing Club."
" Say, 47, you must excuse my friend here; he was raised 111
a country where they only have water for agricultural, washing,
and drinking purposes, and he don't know the difference between
rowing a boat and paddling a canoe."
" Say, Rube, you are not so numerous. Did you ever count
yourself ?"
The conductor went on to tell us about the club, paying no
heed to our ignorance of things aquatic. "His Excellency, Lord
l\linto, is Patron. Vice-Patron is Lord Aylmer, another very
popular man. David .1\iaclaren is Commodore; G. P. Brophy, Vice-
Commodore; W. F. Boardman, Captain, and Walter Rowan,
Secretary-Treasurer. They have over 200 membership.
" To the right, up there on the high cliff, through the trees,
is the property of our civil engineer, T. C. Keefer."
Just a little further ahead, we came to a turn in both the
river and the road, which up to here, had run high above the
water. At this turn he stopped the car and let us look at the
magnificent view.

TV ouldn't Let Rube Shoot.

23

" That iS J Kettle Island. See how the river divides, leaving it
in the centre. It is three miles long and very pretty. That mill
in the far distance down the river, on the Quebec side, belongs to
the l\1aclaren Company. It is at Templeton. You can, from
here, see 7 miles down the river." A short distance further we
pass a number of tents on the river bank. ., This is Camp Pre-
toria. Druggist l\IcCormick and other Ottawans come here every
summer to . camp out.' That first big house to the right is
Mathewman's. The second, that one over there near l\lcKay's
Lake, is Colonel Richard Cartwright's. 'Yes, he's the son of the
great Richard.' He has charge of the

Canadian School of lvf1tsketry,
there where you see the tents. And further on, where we stop, are
the officers' quarters, near the Rifle Range. See all this country
around here? \Vell, there is talk of making a National Park out
this way, beginning somewhere near Rideau Hall, and running out
far beyond the Range. lVly, but it would be a great system. You
could go from here through the city to the Experimental Farm
beyond-but here we are at the officers' quarters."
For a while we felt that we might not have any business
around where there was rifle practice going on; then, besides I
never feel easy where volunteer soldiers are. They always im-
press me that they feel their great importance. But when once I
get to know them, I find they are a fine set of boys. Of course,
some of the little officers from the country never let you forget
their vast dignity, but they can't help it, and as it seems to make
their life happier, I just let it go at that. It is better that way,
as it saves time.
\Ve found the Colonel in charge, and a large number of other
officers and men at the 200 yards range. \Ve presented our cards
to the Colonel, so that if we got shot there would be no doubt as
to who we had been. The Colonel himself is a fine shot. I don't
mean my Colonel, Horatius-he couldn't hit a barn-but the
Colonel Commanding. I was surprised to see with what facility
he could detect a poor gun. He would shoot, and if he missed
the target two or three times, he would say: " Send this gun back
to the store; it's not accurate."
" Colonel," said I, " let me try a shot."
" No, we'd have to send them all back." I didn't know just
what he meant, but he didn't let me shoot. I got even, however,
by aiming my camera: at them. But I'm beginning to think I could
use a gun better. There could not be fewer "hits," but Topley
says this is a better one than he gave me on the last outing, -md
I may possibly have taken the Colonel and his marksmen.
\Ve went back to the officers' quarters, where we had to take
pictures as long as we had any films left.

24

Ottawa} The Hub.

The one where the boys are all standing at attention, they
told us, is " The l\Iajor's Hugging Brigade." There is a question
between me and the Colonel as to the name of this brigade. He
says it is the ., l\1ajor Huggins." \Vhat's a "g," more or less,
anyhow! The Colonel is so particular as to my spelling.
As I said, this is the Canadian School of Musketry. It meets
in July and September of each year. Officers, non-commissioned
officers and men come from all parts of the Dominion to practice
shooting. Three men from each company of the Royal Canadian
Regiments are detailed for duty to act as instructors.
We start back. At the waiting pavilion at Rackliffe Park
we find our Boston artist, with her sketch of Gatineau Point com-
pleted.
\Ve walk along through the park until we find a path to the
left, marked" Cornwall Avenue," and ever hunting for the New,
follow it. It led around to a low, broad cabin, which we, later
on, found to be
The Royal Cabin}
in which the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York ate pork
and beans when in Ottawa in 19 0 1.
Queer, what notions one has of places they read about, in the
ordinary newspaper reports! I had thought of this Cabin as in a
far away location, while here it is in the city. It stands
among high pine trees, and looks very picturesque.
This is a delightful outing trip, and taken leisurely, only re-
quires a short time.
After that we went often to the Rifle Range, but never gained
any reputation as marksmen. The targets were always too far
off-so feet being our limit.

BANK STREET.

Bank, next after Sparks-Rideau, is the most prominent busi-
ness street in Ottawa. On Bank at Wellington are the Supreme
Court Buildings in which, besides this conrt, are the Supreme Court
Library and the Exchequer Court. On the south-western corner
is the l\letropolitan Business College, founded in 1896. Sparks
and Bank are well tenned "The Busy Corner." Here is the beau-
tiful Sun Life building to the south east; the leading Clothier,
Stewart McClenaghan-"Two Macs"-across the street; and
Ketchum and Company on the north west corner.
The Sun Life, under the Ottawa management of l\1r. John
R. and W. L. Reid (the former the president of the Board of
Trade), is one of the great life insurance companies of Canada.
Mr. Reid has had the management of this branch since 1893, dur-
ing which time he has seen his company grow from insurance in

Bank Street Trip.

25

force of less than twenty-eight millions to nearly seventy-six mil-
lions, and increasing annually by leaps and bounds.
Mr. John l\lcD. Hains, Jr., acountant, late of Montreal, with
office in this building, is fast gaining a position among the rising
young business men of Ottawa.
11r. J. L. Rochester, a clerk of a few years ago, is
ow t
e
proprietor of the Sun Life drug store, one of the best eqUIpped In
the city.
In this building is also an old friend of other days, wen
known in many countries-" Bradstreets" -a man needing no
words of comment.
::\1r. Stewart McClenaghan, school trustee, and prominently
identified with public interests, has built up a great business on
this "Busy Corner", When the University burned, in December
(19 0 3), and the students had lost their all, it was to :Mr. 1\Ic-
Clenaghan that hundreds of them were sent to be clothed. The
University paying the bills out of the insurance, were surprised to
find these bills discounted to a very large extent by this generous
young business man.
I have spoken elsewhere of the Ketchums, how they started
with all their goods in one window, and in a few years have
become the leading sporting goods dealers of the Dominion, and
even just now seem little more than boys.
Here also is another proof of what a clear head and push will
do. Mr. Matthew Esdale, from a single hand press, has added one
after another until in a very short time he has a well equipp
d
printing establishment-all from his own unaided efforts.

It Pays to be Kind.
Just here I must run in a little story, illustrative of the kind-
ness of manner of the big business men of Otta \Va. Young Esdale
had almost decided to go into business for himself" He went first
to one of the great firms to ask for some of their work. The head
of the firm received him kindly, and although he gave him no
order at the time, he was so agreeable in his manner that "lVlatt"
started the same week. "Had Mr. H. B. said one unkind word to
me just then, I would have lost heart and given up, and if I have
succeeded I give all the credit to him." One never knows the
effect ones words may have on his fellows-a single sentence, may
make or m
r the .whole life of '(mo
her. It is a pleasure to say ü'f
Ottawa-It s basmess and professIOnal men are very delightful
and courteous in their manner-in fact this may bë said of all
classes here. One is seldom greeted in Ottawa bv that harsh ques-
tion: "Well, what can I do for you?" -

2

Otta'i,t'a, The Hub.

Odd Fellows' Hall.
The great Order of Oddfellows has its fine hall and meeting
rooms in the Sun Life Building. It has a local membership of
about 800.
Yes, the corner at Sparks and Bank is indeed a "Busy Cor-
ner."
At Slater is the Bank Street Presbyterian church, Pastor Rev.
J. H. Turnbull, l\LA. Other churches on this street are the
Stewarton Presbyterian, Rev. Robt. Herbison, l\LA., pastor, at the
head of Archibald street, and the l\IcLeod Street :Methodist
church. This is a very fine stone edifice, Rev. F. G. Lett, pastor.
At the north west corner of Bank and Gilmour street is the
commodious Gilmour, the most popular family hotel in Ottawa. It
is under the courteous management of l\1r. T. Babin.
At 483 resides a man of much prominence by reason of hav-
ing given prominence to others. I refer to l\Ir. Henry J. l\Iorgan,
barrister, author of "l\Iorgan's Canadian Men and \Vomen of the
time", "Canadian Parliamentary Companion", and many othe:-
works, almost a library of themselves. He is well called "The
Burke of Canada". The inlet crossed, beyond Paterson Avenue
is Paterson Creek connected with the canal to the east. It has
been filled in from Bank street west. Just beyond is Ottawa Elec-
tric Park to oecome a part of the Driveway Park system. A
941
is the beautiful residence of
1rs. Russell Spaulding of Boston
and at 937 are the extensive grounds and home of James A.
Smart, Deputy Minister of the Interior.
The Protestant H O1ne for the Aged,
or better known as "The Old Men's Home" is at 954. This is one
of the most prominent charitable institutions in the city by reason
of the men to whose, benevolence is due its maintenance. It's offi-
cers are: C. l\IcN ab, President; J olm Kane, Secretary; J. H.
Dewar, Treasurer; \V. E. De Rinzy, Steward; Mrs. E. De Rinzy,
l\Iatron. Among its life members are the most prominent men in
Ottawa. The Bronsons, the Bates, (all of the family, father and
sons), J ohn
I. Garland, J. R. Armstrong, W. Y. Soper, Chas.
McNab, Thos. Birkett, 11.P., Thos. Keefer, G.C.:M.G., David :J\Ic-
Laren, George Orme, Edward Seybold, G. B. Pattee, Abram
Pratt. There are now thirty-four old men at the home. This was
originally the old l\lutchmore homestead.
Central Canada Exhibition Grounds,
are immediately opposite the Old l\len's Home.
Growth of Ottawa.
The growth of Ottawa may be seen in a marked way by the
many new store rooms being built on Bank street.

Theodore Street Trip.

27

THEODORE STREET TRIP.
Prime
Iinister, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, has his residence on
Theodore, which fact alone would bring many a
isitor to see this
street, but when it is remembered that parts of It are among the
most beautiful in Ottawa none should miss taking the trip, which
is taken in loop-fashion. 'Several lines of cars go over this route,
but the best way we found to see it was to take the Somerset car
going east-get on anywhere along Sparks street going toward
the Russell House. From Sparks which (as before said) is
Rideau street, east of the bridges, the car turns south five blocks
through Nicholas to Theodore, which is l\laria street west of the
Bridge, which on this street, crosses the canal. "Rube" said the
Colonel that day, apropos of this double naming of streets and
things, in Canada, "J wonder why they do it anyhow?"
"I don't know, Colonel, unless they are afraid they will lose
the names if they don't use them, so when they find a name they
like real well, they just hang it up on one end of an already named
street until they need it elsewhere, and as they like a good many
real well, they have the good many hung up for further use."
"There's one thing, Rube, about Ottawa, it can use all Its
streets as well as the names. Now take-, I've seen streets
that town with as many as four names stuck up, and if one were
going through with a load one would get stuck too. before one
reached the further end. My eyes, Rube, wa'nt them streets
awful !"
"Yes, Colonel, but you must remember that the Aldermen in
that town could not afford to givCJ good streets. By the time they
had what they needed for themselves there wasn't anything left for
dirty ole streets. I wonder, Colonel. what would cure all this,
make honest men out of the Alderman and streets in that town
passable ?"
"The COllrt House and Jail!" broke in the conductor, as he
pointed out a large stone building at the corner of Daly and
Nicholas, up which latter street we had just turned from Rideau.
As we looked at this large structure the Colonel's only comment
was, "Apropos!" I neglected to ask him at the time, what he
meant, and by the time I did remember, he had forgotten.
These buildings, with the prison yard, extend two blocks to
Wilbrod street. The Registry Office is to the right across from
the Court House. The University of Ottawa, with its mam
building to the right and museum and Science hall to the left, is
well worthy a visit. It is the school of the Oblate Fathers, with Rev.
Father Emerv as Rector or President. A shtue of the foundèr
( 18 4 8 ) of thé University, stands in the yard of the main building,
Rev. Father J. H. Tabaret.

28

Ottawa, The Hub.

N ext, a block east on Wilbrod, at Cumberland, is St. Joseph
church, Rev. Father Murphy, priest, in charge. This church has
a most magnificent electric altar lighting system.
\Ve go back to Nicholas, turn south one block to Theodore.
If the day is fine I would advise you to get off the car and leisure-
ly stroll along east, for a few blocks as there are so many places of
note, that you should take your time. The old Rideau skating rink
-the fashionable skating rink of the city, is to the right, after
passing \i\Taller, and at the south-west corner of Cumberland is the
Juniorate of the Sacred Heart, connected wih the University. It
is a boys' school, with our old friend Father Jeanette, formeríy
of Lachine, as Superior. 1fany good stories are told of this gen-
ial Father, apropos of his youthful appearance. I once made aa
extended railway journey with him-a more delightful companion
one could not ask.
N ext across Cumberland is Sacred Heart church, a fine stone
building. It is also under the Oblate Fathers, with Rev. Father
X. Portelance as priest. We soon come to King street, which just
here, looking north, is very pretty.
On the north east corner of King is seen the cannon-guarded
residence of Colonel L. F. Pinault, Deputy 11inister of 11ilitia
and Defence.
At 221 Theodore resides the popular commander of the 43rd
Regiment, Colonel S. 1\1. Rogers; at 245 lives l\Iajor Alphonse Be-
noit, Secretary of the Militia Department, and in the same block
265, is the home and spacious grounds of the Chief Justice of
Canada, Sir Elzear Taschereau. At Russell street is one of the
finest residences in Ottawa, that of 11r. George Goodwin, a large
contractor.
That beautiful stone church to the right at the next street-
Chapel-is All Saints, Anglican, Rev. A. W., :\,fackey, rector. To
Mr. H. N. Bate, a leading Ottawan, is largely due this fine
temple. The late Mr. Kingsford, the noted historian, lived on the
southwest corner of Chapel and Theodore. Opposite on the north
east corner is the home of the Premier, Sir \Vilfrid Laurier, next
east, is the fine residence of lVlr. J. C. Edwards, of the W. C.
Edwards Lumber Company. The large square house, setting far
back, is the Japanese Consulate. :iVIr. Tatsz-Goro N osse is the
Consul-General. He is a very able man,! and especially p.opular in
Canada. Beyonè the Consulate comes Stadacona Hall, the park
encircled stone residence of Sir Frederick W. Borden, Minister of
Militi
and Defence. Following on the same side of the street are
the homes of 'Mrs. 1\largaret Christie, Major Edw. T. H. Heward;
Louis A. Audette, Registrar of the Exchequer Court of Canada;
Hon. Louis P. Brodeur, 11inister of Inland Revenue; Joseph
Pope, c.l\f.G., Under Secretary of State and Deputy Registrar

Theodore Street Trip.

29

General; next is seen the flower grounds of the beautiful hOl?e of
John l\Iather, capitalist; B. IVI. Armstrong, Controller Ratlway
IVlail Service; and last, on this street resides Colonel R. W.
Rutherford, Asst. Adj-Genl. for Artillery of the Department of
Militia and Defence.
To the right beyond All Saints church we pass the home of
\V, H. Fraser, lumberman, the next on the corner of Goulborune
Ave., we do not pass without stopping to admire the beautiful
flower grounds of Chas. C. Cunningham, one of the winners of the
Lady 1\linto flower garden prizes for, 1903. The last house, occu-
pying a block, is the tree-embowered residence of VV m. H. Davis,
one of Ottawa's great contractors. Looking south on Chapel,
Blackburn and Goulbourne, we see the homes of other prominent
citizens. Here we find Jas. W. Woods, of whose beautiful art
gallery I have spoken; George Brophy of the Public Works De-
partment, 1\Iajor Robert BrÜ\.vn, of the Princess Louise Dragoons,
D. IV!. Finnie, manager of the Bank of Ottawa; John W. Borden,
brother of Sir Frederick \Villiam Borden, Edw. C. Grant, son of
Sir James Grant; A. G. Tagge, a talented young American engin-
eer, On Blackburn Avenue resides lVlr. P. E. Bucke, relative of
Lord Kitchener, IVlrs. Bucke, being a sister of Lad" La Touche,
wife of Sir Joseph Diggs La Touche, a Governor of India. She is
also connected with the famous "Strickland Sisters" to whose
writings Canada is so much indebted.
Colonel Sydney C. D. Roper, of the Governor-General's Foot
Guards, is also a resident on Theodore.
\Ve have now reached the turn at Charlotte street. The loca-
tion is here rather an elevation with pretty views to east and south.
You look to the south over Strathcona Park, bt1t little more than a
name yet marks it. The Driveway Commission are soon to turn
it into a beauty spot, well worthy its great name.
You turn north to Rideau street through Charlotte, the first
house to the left, No. 286, is the residence of a member of the
Dominion :Ministry, the Hon. Sydney Fisher, minister of Agricul-
ture. N ext is the home of a former' Montreal merchant, F. King-
ston, \Vithin a block or two on vVilbrod east and west from Char-
lotte are the homes of very many of Ottawa's prominents. Here
to the east, we find the magnificent residence of .l\1r. A. \V. Fleck,
Secretary-Treasurer of the Canada Atlantic. Immediately oppo-
site at the point where Wilbrod abruptly ends-a view from
which, looking to the east across the Rideau, flowing far beneath
the viewpoint is very pleasing-stands another charming home,
that of J. St. Denis Lemoine, Sergeant-at-arms and clerk of
French journals in the Senate.
.l\1r. Lemoine is a relative of our dear old friend, Sir
James 11. Lemoine of Spencer Grange, Quebec, whose very
name ever brings delight in the memory of an ideal summer, to

3 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

which he added so much of joy. Nearby are the homes of the
Right Reverend Charles Hamilton, Bishop of Ottawa, and 1'Ir-
F. A. lVfcCord, law clerk of the House of Commons. On either
corner of Wilbrod and Charlotte, reside Napoleon Belcourt,
Speaker of the House, to the north, and Edward R. Cameron, Re..
gistrar of the Supreme Court, to the south.
Here reside so many prominents, that to give them all
would be like handing you a directory to read. In this localitj
of Wilbrod, Stewart and Daly Avenue are the homes of Sir Sand-
ford Fleming, "The Father of the Pacific Cable"; Philip D.
Ross, editor and president of the Evening Journal, a numqer of
the well-known Bate family, to whom a great deal is due for the
beauty of this portion of Ottawa; Archibald Blue, Census Com-
missioner; Professor J as. W. Robertson, Commissioner of the
Agriculture and Dairying Department; A, B. Brodrick, manager
of the :Molson's Bank; ,l\Iartin 1. Griffin, Librarian of Parliament;
Judge Desire Girouard, of the Supreme Court; the Hon. W m.
lVfacDougall, C.B., K.C., P.C., the oldest one of the surviving
"Fathers of Confederation", of whom there are so few remaining;
J. l\Iortimer Courtney, Deputy :l\Iinister of Finance; Rev. Father
J. E. Emery, rector (president) of the University of Ottawa:
J ames White, the most noted geographer in Canada; R. B. Whyte,
president of the Horticultural Society; Benjamin Suite, lyrical
poet and noted historian; Hugh and S. H. Fleming, sons of Sir
Sandford; Hal. B. lVfcGivern, a rising young barrister; Sir Adolp
l
Caron, barrister; the Hon. R. W. Scott, Secretary of State; lVfajor
Charles Elliot, of P.L.D.G.; Dr. Geo. Johnson, Dominion statisti-
cian; Colonel Frederick White, Comptroller of the North West
lVfounted Police; John lVfcGee, Clerk of the Privy Council; Co!.
Louis W. Contlee, of Supreme Court; A. D. de Celles, librarian
of Parliament; Colonel Victor B. Rivers, of Militia and Defence;
Dr. Provost, a well-known surgeon; the Misses Hay, daughters
of the late Sir James Hay; A. Taillon, manager of the Banque
N ationale; Prof. Grey, professor of elocution in the Ottawa Uni-
versity, a cousin of the next governor-general, Earl Grey; J. J.
Gormully, K.C.; Colonel F. Gourdeau Deputy Minister of lVfarine
and Fisheries; John Thorburn, M.A., LL.D., Librarian of the Geo-
logical Survey; Col. John Macpherson; Col. B. H. Vidal, of Mili-
tia Department; Col. A. L. Jarvis, of G.G.F.G. Looking east 011
Stewart street is seen the beautiful house of Wm. 1\1:. Southam,
director of the Citizen, and on Daly Avenue, the residence of the
late Charles E. Moss, an artist of whose work, both Canada a.s
well as ourselves, are justly proud; Jas. Gibson, a prominent
manufacturer lives nearby and Henri G. Lamothe of
Crown Ch?ncery. Still we find others of general inter-
est in the Sandy Hill section. At 161 Daly was the former home
of the famous Colonel Thos. Evans,1 C.B., of l\1anitoba. It is now

Theodore Street TriP.

3 1

occupied by his sisters, the :\Iisses Evans; the venerable Jas. J.
Bogert; Colonel Eugene Fiset, Surgeon-General of the Canadian
Militia; Harvey C. H. Pulford, the famous all round athlete, who
was once a member of three teams in different branches of sports
that one year held the world's championships; G. \V. Seguin, city
collector; Thos. G. Rothwell of the Interior Department; Colonel
Frederick Toller, of the Finance Denartment; \Vm. L. Scott,
Master of Chancery; Alex. Simpson, manager of the Ontario
Bank; ]VI. J. Gorman; Rev. \\1"m. Armstrong, Ph,D., D.D., pastor
of St. Paul's Presbyterian church; Colonel S. H. P. Graves, late
of the British Army; l\Iajor C. P. Meredith; Rev. J. T. Pitcher,
pastor of the Eastern lVlethodist church; Lawrence J. Burpee, the
well-known writer, and-but why continue, when to give all of
note would be to hanq you the Sandy Hill directory.
I have never before seen, in any city, in any land, more people
of prominence living in so small an area. I may have seen far
more of wealth, but I care very little for wealth, when it belongs to
the other man. Among the\ people here given, while there is indi-
cation of wealth in some really magnificent houses, there is more
indication of comfort. As Fitz would say in looking at some
people of millions: "They may have a million, but they are not
worth it." Here are people of worth, as the positions they have
earned will indicate. There is little of the "shoddy" and much
of the real. I
I have gone more into personal detail than I should, possibly,
but I wish to show to my American readers, who think of Ottawa,
as indeed a "by" town, that they have much to learn of this charm-
ing city of the north; "The Washington of Canada."
Where Charlotte reaches Rideau is seen the spacious Genera)
Protestant Hospital. Its officers are: Hon. \V. C. Edwards, presi-
dent; Geo.,L. Orme, vice-president; T. \V. Kenny, secretary; Jas.
l\Ianuel, treasurer; Donald l\IcD. Robertson, medical superin-
tendent. East on Rideau, a short distance, is The Lady
Stanley Institute, for trained nurses. It is under the same man-
agement as the hospital, of which it is practically a part. The long
Brigham or Cummings' Bridge crosses the Rideau river two blocks
to the east of Charlotte.
\t Rideau we turn west, back toward the
city, but as it is a business street, we pass little of note. Before
reaching Cumberland, on the south side of Rideau, is seen the
large Convent of the Sacred Heart. It is well worthy a visit. See
"Higher Education," elsewhere,
We are now back to our starting point. In some wavs this i3
one oi the most imp,ortant of all the trips in the city. .

3 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

IvIETCALFE STREET.
"Have you been out l\1etcalfe Street?" asked the cheerful
citizen.
" No, not any further than the Dominion Church," said I, to
impress upon his mind that we had found a church as soon as we
had reached the city.
" Oh, yes," said the' cheerful,' by way of a bit of pleasantry,
" the church of the ' rose robe,' which robe has since fallen upon
another, or rather, would have fallen had it not been relegated."
"\Vell, I don't think the man we have been hearing there
needs a robe, much less anybody else's, and the Colonel here says
he hasn't yet seen any others in Canada quite large enough to fit-
but you were speaking about the street."
" vVell, we think Metcalfe hard to beat when it comes to fine
residences, and you will do well to see it."
We took his advice that very afternoon, and strolled leisurely
along, taking a camera with us, thinking to get a house or twO
worth" taking." It was fortunate that we had seen Topley, and
laid in a good supply of films, else we would have lrad to send back
for more before we had gone three blocks. Say, if ever you come
to Ottawa, go out Fifth Avenue-no, I mean 1\1etcalfe Street-
and see as many really beautiful homes as you will find in the same
length in any city that I know.
At the corner of Gloucester we stepped in to see the " Pro-
fessor," thinking that he, if anyone, would know" who's who,"
asked: .. Professor, what prominents live on Metcalfe Street?"
W ell, sir, he just reached over, picked up the directory, turned to
"Ivletcalfe," and quietly said: .. Just copy these three columns,
please. Why, man, it's not worth naming them!" And we after-
wards found that he was right, and not only l\letcalfe, but about
every street leading out from it were full of "prominents," add
pretty homes. The beautiful home the Young \Vomen's Christian
Association and Domestic Science are at 133, and at the next cor-
ner, at Gloucester, is the St. George's Anglican Church, Rev, J.
1\L Snowden, rector.
On 1\1etcalfe are many of national prominence. Hon. Clifford
Sifton, 1\1inister of the Interior, and Superintendent-General of
Indian Affairs, resides here, as do Hon. \Vm. S. Fielding, Minister
of Finance, R. L. Borden, 1\1.P., Leader of the Opposition, Hon.
Joseph 1. Tarte, M.P., Thomas Birkett, l\I.P., D. 1\Iurphy, 11.P.P.,
C. Berkeley Powell, M.P.P., Lady Ritchie and others. There
are here the beautiful residences of many lumbermen, which is
Ottawa's term for" millionaire." They don't speak of wealth as
we do; they simply say: " He is a lumberman," and I know what
they mean. I wish this had applied in my country, for I was
once a lumberman myself. Yes, go out Metcalfe. In some of
the pictures taken on this street-that is, if they turn out to be

Lord Strathcona.

33

pictures-you will see a number of little girls. They wanted to
" get in the book," and I wanted to have them, I love little girls,
and never can get too many of them in my books. I may forget
the houses, but the little girls never, for they are very verv dear.

O'CONNOR STREET.

On which once lived one of Canada's greatest statesmen-
Sir John A. 1Ylacdonald-has some beautiful homes, and many
men of national prominence, Sir John's home is occupied by the
Wheeler sisters, relatives of one of our Vice-Presidents, Wheeler,
and also of our well-known poet and popular writer, :l\Irs. Ella
Wheeler \Vi1cox, whose works we all so delight in. Sir John's
later home was "Earnscliffe," on 1'lcKav Street, at the foot of
Dalhousie Street, which overlooks the Ottawa, not far from one
branch of the Rideau River, where it enters the Ottawa. It may
be seen from the steamer" Empress," shortly before the landing
at Queen's \Vharf.
Frederick Cook, Ottawa's popular ex-:\'Iayor, has his resi-
dence on O'Connor. Here is the home of the Honorable Andrew
G. Blair, late lvIinister of Railways and Canals; Honorable Sir
Richard J. Cartwright, K.C.l\LG., iviinister of Trade and Com-
merce lives on O'Connor. Here we find" the gentleman from
Vancouver," R. G. l\1acpherson, M.P., Richard Blain, l\1.P., and
A. T. Thompson, M.P.

Lord Strathcona and Mount RO'j'al.
Next to the Bank of Montreal, corner of O'Connor and Wd-
lington, we find another one of the many homes of Lord Strath-
cona, a man whose peers are few. It was my pleasure, while in
Ottawa, to be granted an interview with this truly great man-
great in the vast works he has done, not only for Canada, but the
British Empire. His manner is so cordial that while you may
know his greatness, he does not make you feel. for one moment,
your own humility, as so many little "Nothings" or "Accidentals"
would try to make you feel.
Victoria Chambers stands opposite, at the South-east comer of
O'Connor and VV' ellington Streets. It was here that King Ed-
ward, when Prince of \Vales,' stopped in 1860.
At Sparks and O'Connor are four important corners. Here
to the east is the Bank of Nova Scotia, to the west the Dominion
Census Office. Across Sparks to the east is one of the most
prominent department stores in Ottawa, Bryson & Graham's, and
to the west L. N, Poulin's store.
The Young Men's Christian Association is at 37 O'Connor,
at the corner of Queen. R. J. Farrell is its efficient secretary. At

34

Ottawa} The Hub.

Queen and O'Connor, to the right, is another important corner.
Here is one of the places the tourist should not fail to visit. It is
the
The National Art Gallery.
There is here a large collection of fine oil paintings, well worth
seeing. In the same building is the Dominion Fisheries Exhibit,
but possibly what will most interest the many is

The Ottm,\Ja Fish Hatcher)'}
especially if the" many" come while the millions of little fish are
busy getting ready for the rivers, brooks and lakes of the Do-
minion, to which they are to be sent as soon as large enough. This
is but one of the fourteen hatcheries in the Dominion. J onn
\,v alker is in charge. It is interesting to hear John tell of how
the eggs procured at Wiarton, on Georgian Bay, are put into the
" troughs" in November and hatched in :May.
On the opposite corner is the large wholesale dry goods house
of John 1\1. Garland Son and Company. Mr. Garland, as before
mentioned, is President and Director of The Perley Home on
Wellington Street. He is also a Director of The Old :Men's Home.
In his business ability, and the good he does" on the side," we
cannot but think of him as another A. T. Gault, whose memory is
a pleasure, and whose loss to ,Montreal is a sorrow, for he was a
man beloved for his goodness of heart and real worth to the city
and Dominion, a sort of man of which the world has too few, and
I love to note the few as I pass. ., 'Tis not the gold a man leaves,
that perpetuates his name, nor what gold has bought, but the
goodness of heart that prompted the gifts during life, or bequests
when the end comes."

CARTIER STREET.

Cartier Street from Lisgar-it starts at Lisgar-to 1\Iinto
Park, is one of the finest residential streets in Ottawa. There are
here some really beautiful houses, with large well-kept grounds.
Like ,Metcalfe Street, one needs but to take the directory and read
consecutively the names of the men of prominence. Here we find
Charles :ì\lagee, ex-President of the Bank of Ottawa, and Yke-
President of the new Crown Bank of Canada; John Coates, civil
engineer; Edward Seybold, whose castle of red sandstone is D05-
sibly the finest house in Ottawa; Dr. J. Sweetland, the Sheriff of
Carleton County; Edward "Moore, lumberman; Fred. Avery, the
Treasurer of Hull Lumber Company; Newell Bate, of Bate & Co.;
H. K. Egan, capitalist; J. R. Booth, several times "lumbennan,"
railway and steamship magnate; Walter C. 1\1ackay; Fred. \V.
Powell, manager of the Rideau Lumber Co. ; Dr. Frederick ::\lonti-
zambert; and-but, see for yourself.

I mprO'l.'ement Commission.

3S

CONCESSIO
,
Reached by the Albert line of cars, is another street wIth
H Beauty Spots." These are especially seen at the extreme north
end, where are the really beautiful homes of the Bronsons-
Erskine H., Frank P., and "\tValter G. This is one of the most
prominent families in the Ottawa Valley. They are large manu-
facturers. l\lr. Ward C. Hughson, lumberman, has here a beauti-
ful home, with one of the finest situations in the city. It occupies
the block north of Queen Street. Charles
lacnab, clerk of Car-
leton County, has his home in this locality.
At Concession, north-east corner of lVlaria, are the pretty
grounds and residence of the family of the late Hon. Francis
Clemow, and on the south side of l\laria, at Concession, are the
pretty homes of Harold K. Pinhey, capitalist, and Thomas Ahean1

President of the Ottawa street car system. His is the large stone
mansion on the corner, with the spacious well-kept grounds-the
highest point in Ottawa. At the north-west corner is the resi-
dence of Alexander Fleck, a large manufacturer.
At Lisgar and Concession is the .McPhail Baptist Church,
Rev. Ira Smith, pastor.
These are but illustrations. The city is full of pretty resi-
dence streets, but that of which Ottawa has reason to be most
proud and which pride must grow with the years is the

CO
MISSION DRIVEWAY.

What with the pretty walks, tree embowered Ottawa is be-
coming a veritable beauty spot, and I would have my people
know it. This will be especially worthy a visit, when the Drive-
way, of frequent mention, is completed. Only to-day have I fully
appreciated its beauty. I leisurely walked along through its miles
of flower borders, here a miniature park, there a lakelet spanned
by a rustic bridge with ever and anon new forms of park and
lakelet, and all so pleasing that I forgot distance in the ever
changing scenes around me. The rustic work of bridges, ban-
nistered steps and various forms into which small cedar stems
were worked, was so marvellous in design that I hunted ou t the
man who had executed it all. I found him at work on thel Drive-
way in front of the Papal Delegate's mansion to the west of Bank
Street, where he was putting up some steps of a design more artis-
tic than I had ever before seen in rustic work. I had expected
to find a man living on his reputation, and overseeing others,
as they did the labor, but instead I found Thomas Craig, a day
carpenter, working out with his hands the intricate and beautiful
designs of his brain. He said he was shortly to begin a rustic
summer house, thirty feet square, a little further along beyond the
Papal Delegate's grounds. It is all to be of small round pieces

3 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

of cedar, in its natural form, and from his description it will be
very pretty. Later-It is completed and is even more artistically
beautiful than I could tell you-for I know of nothing at home
with which to liken it.
This is but a running talk on the artistic Driveway. I might
say, that while eventually it will start from Rideau Hall, it is now
in driving condition from Elgin Street east along Maria Street
to the canal, which it practically follows clear around to Dow's
Lake, thence north along this widening of the canal to a bridge
or causeway, across which is reached the roadways of the Experi-
mental Farm,
If ever you hear an Ottawan saying pretty things of this
Driveway, take my word he cannot do it justice-you must see it
yourself.
This work is under

The Ottawa I mþrovement Commission,
a body of men chosen by the Dominion Government for their ripe
judgment, honesty of purpose, and artistic tastes, chosen from
among the most prominent business and professional men of the
city, supplemented by such great Canadians as Sir William Hing-
ston, the Hon. J. P. B. Casgrain, Montreal; and Hon. F. T. Frost,
Smith's Falls.
The Ottawa members of the Commission are: Henry N.
Bate, Chairman, Joseph Riopelle, Esq., Chartres R. Cunningham,
Esq., The Mayor of Ottawa, George O'Keefe, Esq., Charles
Murphy, Esq., Solicitor, Robert Surtees, Esq., Consulting En-
gineer, Stephen E. O'Brien, ESQ., Secretary.
" Rube, did you notice the ingenious way by which the lawns
and flowers along the Driveway are to be sprinkled?" asked the
Colonel, who is ever seeing things new.
" Oh, yes; I noticed it. It's the invention of J. L. Flanders.
a local iron fence manufacturer, who started four years ago on
nothing but energy, and the way he has gotten up head is a won-
der, but then he's a born genius. The invention is ingenious, yet
very simple. The fence along the canal is made of iron tubf's, the
top one of which is a water pipe, with here and there places to
attach the sprinkling hose, and there you arc; simple, eh?"

HOG'S BACK.

A verY' pretty carriage drive is out the Commission Driveway
to Dow's Lake. Cross over the turn bridge, and go up the south
side of the Rideau Canal to the second lock, where the canal and
the Rideau River separate. Owing to a rock formation, resembl-
ing the back of a hog-which formation no one whose imagin-
ation is at all defective can detect-the place is called" Hog's

Pretty Streets.

37

Back." There is here too'much of beauty for so common a name.
U Piggyback" would be much prettier, and would carry us back
to childhood days. To the west, the Ridea,u widens into a lakelet.
A natural rock dam, supplemented by sluice gates, turns part of
the river into the canal, while the rest of it goes tumbling over a
series of small but very beautiful falls or cascades, leaving Lhe
canal, and roadway alongside, high above the river, which for a
mile or more below is very pretty, There are at the falls a num-
ber of bridges, the views from which, looking down over the rocks,
is very pleasing. The roadway clings close to the canal all the
way along to the city. We pass Dow's Lake near the C. P. R.
bridge, beyond which, coming down to the canal and lake, is seen
the beautiful grounds of the Experimental Farm. This is indeed
a pretty drive, and should be taken. The river near the falls is a
summer resort for many Ottawans, who spend weeks of the
10t
months in tents, whiling the time in fishing and boating, living a
veritable gipsy life-happy and careless.

OTTAVvA'S PRETTY STREETS.

I have made frequent mention of Ottawa's well paved streets.
The miles upon miles of granolithic sidewalks are especially note-
worthy and do vast credit to the city. It now has 105 miles of
the granolithic, IS miles of it having been laid this year. On en-
quiry, I learned, that streets and sidewalks are made by days
work, seldom by contract. This is possible if a city can find a
man capable of superintending labor, and Ottawa has such
a man.

Rapid Removal of Snow.
There is possibly no city in the world in which the handling
of snow is under so fine a svstem as in Ottawa. Each section of
the city has its foreman, who at a given telephone signal from the
Street Commissioner starts men with snow plows, or sleds, and in
four hours every mile of sidewalk in Ottawa is cleaned ready for
the most daintily shod lady to walk upon.
The snow of the streets upon which the cars run must be re-
moved by the company, not only from their own tracks, but
that thrown from the sidewalks as well must be carted away by
them. 'iVhen one sees the size of the load the horses draw away
and then contrasts that load with the one drawn in a city where
" boodle" reigns, the difference can hardly be thought possible.
Look for yourselves, the "bed" here holds over six yards of
snow, while in the boodle towns the carts hold one yard. The
" beds" have sides that swing out from hinges and are quickly
unloaded. The city fathers who drew up the contract with the

3 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

trolley company certainly looked well after the city's interest.
On many of the side streets the snow is drawn to the centre by
ordinary road making machines and then rolled by a wide heavy
roller, making most excellent road beds for sleighing. Fra
lk
Leamy has invented a number of snow handling devices. Es-
pecially the ,. Leamy razor," which shaves down an ice sidewalk
to the level.
No Over-Hanging Signs.
" Colonel," I asked one day, ., what do you notice as peculiar
in looking up or down an Ottawa business street ? " " You
mean what do I not notice. The absence of the over-hanging
sign is what helps to give the streets of the Capital the bright,
clear appearance VI,-e have so often remarked."
The Colonel had guessed it. Kot an over-hanging sign is to
be seen in Ottawa, and if you have never seen a c
ty without them
you would not believe the pretty effect it gives to a street.

OTTA\VA A FLO\VER GARDEN.

The Colonel and I had not been in Ottawa two days before we
remarked the many pretty flower gardens we saw everywhere, not
alone about the homes of the rich, but some of the most beautiful
of them were the gardens of the cottage. Elsewhere I have told
you of the miles of beautiful Driveway the embryo of a system
which eventually will make this one of the most charming cities
on the continent.
We at once sought the why, as we knew there must be a rea-
son for it all. \Ve soon were let into the secret. .. A few vears
ago," began the ever obliging citizen, " a very few years. ago,
Ottawa was no more beautiful than many another Canadian city.

Lady Minto's Prizes.
Lady Minto, with her quick eye for the artistic, or its lack rather,
began in her quiet, unostentations way to create an interest in
beautifying the homes, and in three years has brought about the
change. "
"How did she go about it? This is interesting. Tell us
how, in so short a time, so much of beauty could be wrought?"
" Well, she offered prizes, both of money and medals, for the
best flower gardens about the homes. There were many com-
petitors, and each competitor in a neighbourhood soon had emula-
tors, and in three years the whole city has taken up the raising of
flowers, some more and some less, but all parts of the city are in-
terested, and the interest is growing. You will scarcely see, in
any part of Ottawa, an unkempt lawn. They do not all grow

Lady Minto Prizes.

39

flowers, but they do keep busy the lawn mower, as you must have
remarked."
" Yes," said the Colonel, "they certainly do keep the lawn
mower running wherever there is any grass. Why, I do believe
they would run it in the school-house yards if there was any grass
there to mow."

Grassless School Yards.
"Now, see here, 1\1r. (he was a stranger, and called the
Colonel" 1\1r."), don't you go to poking your fun at our barren
school-house grounds; we feel bad enough about them without
strangers making it any worse. Our School Board pays so much
attention to the ear, that they have no time for the eye, and think
if the children are taught the practical, that they can learn of the
beautiful at their homes.
" We know all that, that is, all of us but the School Board,
who don't believe in making' one blade of grass grow where there
was nothing before,' as Shakespeare would say, or was it Shakes-
peare ?"
" Yes, it must have been," said the Colonel, " as in his days
school boards believed in grass and trees and flowers and things
beautiful, and would have been ashamed of anything so disreput-
able as an Ottawa school yard, with its piles of cord-wood and
gravel."
" Hold on with criticism, unless you have a remedy. Our
Board say they have no money to spend on grass and flowers."
The Colonel was quite as ready with a remedy as with his
criticism, and proceeded to give it. ,. They dont' have to have
money. Why, I know a school yard down at Bronxville, New
York-which is only a little hamlet-where the teachers got up a
festival or something of the sort, and raised money enough, not
only to fix up the grounds, but to keep them in order during the
summer vacation, and it never cost the Board a dollar. This is
but an instance."
I don't know how long they might have run on, had I 110t
stopped them to ask of the old citizen more about the Lady 'Minto
plan for beautifying Ottawa, which, in a few words was this: A
committee of three of the most capable horticulturists was select-
ed. They were R. B. Whyte, President of the Horticultural
Society, and most eminent in floriculture; Professor W.T.1\Iacoun,
Dominion Horticulturist; and Alderman (elected Mayor while \ve
were in the city) J. A. Ellis. Four surprise visits to the gardens
of the competitors are made, in June, July, August and Septem-
ber, in order to see the flowers in their proper season. A syst
m
of marking has been adopted, 60 points is the highest possible (20
for floral display, 20 for artistic arrangement, 20 for general
effect), and the winners are those who receive the highest number
of points over a given percentage. This year ten will receive

40

Ottawa, The Hub.

prizes. They are, in their order: W. G. Black, Alex. Lumsden,
Lady Aylmer, Tas. Hagan, Mrs. Peter Whelen, G. A. White, Jas.
Thorne, J. E. Northwood, C. C. Cummings, and Samuel Short.
:Many people who read of this competition will picture to them-
selves large gardens, with plenty of room for effect, and wiI] be
surprised, like the Colonel and I were, to learn that the garden of
:Mr. Black-who came within 24 points of the possible-is 34 feet
wide, and 128 feet deep, but every foot has been utilized in such
a way that the effect is marvellously beautiful. Some of them arc
far smaller even than :Mr. Black's. The variety seen in some of
these gardens is surprising for numbers, and diversity. In that
of Mrs. Peter Whelen, besides roses and flowers innumerable for
kinds, were fruits from apples to oranges growing, and

A Canadian Orange Grove
maturing. It was a sight to see little orange trees in Canaùa,
laden with blossoms up to the ripe orange, and near by peanuts
growing. Why, we could almost believe ourselves" 'Way down
in Alabama!" instead of away up in the Capital of a country we
once thought of as " Icy Canada." The orange trees are taken in
during the winter. I tell this that those of you who are not aware
of my strict regard for truth, might not believe my story of the
"Orange Grove." Hereafter-let me remark-I will not explain
things, so remember this: " I never state a fact that is not so."
I have written of this good work of Lady Minto's at more
length then I had space to spare, but, like Black, I've crowded it
a little, that my readers, in far away cities, may see how they may
beautify their grounds, however small those grounds.
If Lady Minto had never done a thing in Canada than create
as she has, a desire to beautify the homes, and thereby the city,
she has done a good work; but when we think of this being only
one of the many works of this active lady, we cannot but feel what
Canada will lose on the retirement of Their Excellencies.

Horticultural Society.
I have not space to tell you that there is another reason for
Ottawa becoming a floral city. If I had, I would say that the
Horticultural Society, under the wise guidance of such men as
1,,1r. R. B. Whyte, is doing a great work. It had really prepared
the ground and sown many seeds for the deft hand of Lady Minto
to start cultivation. This Society has outgrown those of all other
Canadian cities, and has not only increased in numbers, but the
interest of its members. In interest, I know of no like Society in
our own country to equal it. If we do not stir up, the" Land of
Snows" will become" The Flower Garden of America," and put
us in the shade-of their floriculture.

Lady Minto Prizes.

4 1

Personally, Mr. White has offered prizes to the school chil-
dren, furnished seeds, and in many ways stimulated them to grow
flowers, with the result that 80 children brought flowers, of their
Ðwn growing, to a flower show held in a large hall, in September.
Lovers of the beauty in nature, come and learn of Ottawa.

The Ottawa Field Naturalist Club

Is also doing a good work, more especially with the young, in
creating in them the love of all nature, not alone flower love, but
interest is created in geology, ornithology, zoology and archæology.
To hear some of the Ottawa children talk" Ologies," you'd think
this was our" Hub," Boston.
This club is under the patronage of Lord Minto, who, like
Lady Minto, takes much interest in the finer sentiments of the
city. Professor W. T. Macoun is President. Its membership
comprises many of the best minds in Ottawa. The club issues a
very readable publication along the lines of its work.

Only a Suggestion.
The competitor for the Lady Minto prizes should not be per-
mitted to take first prize more than one time. He or she would
then step off into a class even more honorable than that of a com-
petitor. It would encourage all to strive to get into this class
and remove any jealousy that naturally might arise in seeing one
or two getting the first prize year after year. Again, it would
put all in this first prize class upon their honor, to keep up the
beauty of their gardens, and these gardens would be object lessons
for the rest. As it now is conducted, those failing to win, will in
time become discouraged and drop out and the competitors be-
come fewer instead of the number being added to, which growth
is the real object of the competition.

THREE CENTURIES OF THE OTTAWA.

Since Champlain's first trip up the Ottawa, past where now
stands the beautiful Capital of the Dominion, nearly three cen-
turies have come and gone. It was in 1613, five years after he
had founded Quebec, that this intrepid voyageur passed up the
river. With his name are those of Etienne Brulé, Nicolas Du
Vignau, and Father Le Caron, and following on to 1650, in regu-
lar order, are Fathers Viel, Poulin, Sagard, and 24 others, who
established missions and preached to the Indians throughout the
Upper Ottawa and the Great Lakes countries. There came dur-
ing this period many voyageurs, such as Jean Nicolet, Duplessis
Bochart, Médard Chouart, Pierre Boucher, and Charles Lemoine.
In 1650 Nicola Gatineau, a clerk in the" 100 Company," gave
his name to the wildly-beautiful river that enters the Ottawa at
the Capital.
Bishop Laval was the first to receive land on the Ottawa. He
was given a large grant near where Papineauville now stands.
In 1761 Alex. Henry visited the Chaudiere Falls. He was,
no doubt, the first English speaker 'who ever came up the river,
He was the great grandfather of Mr. N. W. Bethune, telegraph
manager, and even a more distant relative of Cecil Bethune,
Secretary of the Board of Trade.
This brings us hurriedly down to

A CENTURY OF HULL, BYTOWN A
D OTTAWA.

Of necessity I can but give a point here and there along the
way, as links in the chain binding the eighteenth with the twen-
tieth centuries, the one with its primitive hardships, the other with
its ease, comforts and politics.
1799.-Philemon Wright comes to town, to spy out the land from
the tree tops. He came to settle, with a small colonv
from W oburn, Mass. Came in 1800.
1800.- Indian war dance on Parliament Hill, another one looked
for when" that" Bill passes.

Some Old Ones.

43

1803.-Philemon Wright began cutting raft of timber, and in
1&:>6-took it down the river to Quebec. He was the first rafter
in town.
1807.-Philemon vVright grafted some wild apple trees on Parlia-
ment Hill. They do say that there has been considerable
wild " grafting" done in that same locality, but none of
late years.
1809.-Captain LeBreton builds first grist mill.
181 I.-One Honeywell built a house above Chaudiere Falls. New
names added to the directory: Thompson, l\loore, Mc-
Connell, Holt, Fellowes.
1814.- The British Government began this year to talk of a canal,
which became the Rideau, and also of a canal that will be
the Georgian Bay-when built, and that
c;ill not be -:Jery
long in the tutltre
if Canada is wise.
1814.-August 14th. A noted French traveller, Gabriel Fran-
chere, passed the falls, Chaudier and Rideau. He spoke
of the Rideau as " 2S by 30 feet high." I had seen so
many estimates of the height of this waterfall that I set
about learning the actual measurement. On inquiry I
could find none who knew, all being content with esti-
mates from 2S feet to 60 feet. To determine, I measur-
ed them (Sept. 7th) by means of a weight tied to the
end of a tape line. I played boy, unshod, and waded out
to the very edge of the rock, where but little water was
falling. Here I dropped the- weight until it touched the
surface of the water of the Ottawa. It 'was just 41 feet.
\Vhen the Rideau is swollen, as much as seven to ten
feet might be added to the measurement.
1816.-Nicholas Sparks came over from Ireland. He was not
met at the Central Station by the Governor General's
Foot Guards' band, as he should hav
been, and no doubt
would have been had Joe Brown known of it in time, but
Nicholas being of a retiring nature, had not telegraphed
Joe he was coming-a bit a negligence on Sparks' part,
1819.-Ralph Smith was the first to settle in town. The historian
does not state at which hotel he stopped, the Russell or
the Grand Union, but in either case it is pleasant to know
that he settled. It speaks well for Smith. P.S.-" No,
this is not Ralph, the member for British Columbia; he
would not have settled-in Ottawa.
1819.-" The "Cnion," first steamer up the Ottawa.
1821.-In 1900, l\Ir. Francis N. A. Garry, the grandson of Nich-
olas Garry-after whom Fort Garry, at Winnipeg, was
named-found his grandsire's diary of his trip, by canoe,
from l\Iontreal to Winnipeg, in 1821. On J nne 14th, he
reached the Rideau Falls, of which he wrote: " A beauti-

44

OttaWQ
The Hub.

ful waterfall, the appearance of a curtain. They are the
Rideau Falls, 60 feet high and 50 yards across."
Of the Chaudiere, he said: " The imagination can-
not picture anything so romantic. The beauty of the
scene is perhaps a little destroyed by the appearance of
civilization. A 1\lr. \tV right (Philemon), an American,
has built a little town (Hull), near the Falls, and deal
mills. "

1825.-Civil Engineer Clowes surveys for Rideau Canal.
1 826,-This was an eventful year. Philemon Wright owed
Nicholas Sparks $400, and not having the money about
him, made Nicholas take Ottawa in full payment. Sparks
didn't want it, said he really had no use for it, but Phil
was obstinate, and said "Take it or wait." As he
Sparks, had already 'waited a year or two, he unwillingly
-even weepingly, 'tis said-took the town. He after-
ward told one of his neighbors that it was the best real
estate deal he had ever made.
As soon as the Duke of Wellington recommended
that the Rideau Canal be built, Phil ran round to tr..e
Ottawa Bank and borrowed $400, 'which he proffered to
Sparks, but Sparks, being Irish, refused on principle, and
kept the town, That same year the canal was started, and
town lots rose, and ere long Sparks Street was" right in
town. "
The above is the commonly accepted story of Ot-
tawa's purchase by Sparks, but the facts of the case are
these. John Burrows, who came here in 1813, or as
some say, 1817, acquired much land where now stands the
most valuable part of the city. He sold to Sparks the
land lying between Wellington and Maria Streets, and
between Concession and what is now known as \Valler
Street, once Ottawa Street.
The Clerk, in recording the transfer, being devoid
of any sentiment, and having heard l\'lrs. Burrows call
John "Honey," added that to his name, and so the I e-
cord showed" John Burrows Honey." This has since
caused the record searchers much trouble, but that they
may no longer let this bother them, I can say positively
that his name was simply John Burrows, and that
"Honey" was only one of Mrs. Burrows' pet names for
John. Moral-Good wives should never use pet names
in the presence of non-sentimental Clerks.
The sale was made and deed passed on June 26th,
1826, and for some reason was ratified by another 'teed
on July 14th, 1830. It appears that ,Mrs. Burrows never
joined in the deed; the only explanation is that the wife

Some Old Ones.

45

did not need to join in the transfer of "wild lands."
Sparks, a number of years after, fearing lest Ottawa
might some day not be considered as " wild lands," deed-
ed to Mrs. Burrows that lot on the south-west corner of
Sparks and Kent Streets-now occupied by the ].YIassey
Harris people-for her release of a possible dower.
John Burrows.
It may be of interest to know that John Burrows,
the first settler of Ottawa, was born at Plymouth, Eng-
land, on :May 1st, 1789, and died in By town (Ottawa),
July 27th, 1848, was buried in Hull, and afterwards re-
moved to Beechwood. He came to Canada in 1813, or
1817, and built a house near the corner of Vittoria and
Lyon Streets. His house was the home of .I\Iethodism,
as he was the Father of NIethodism in the Ottawa Val-
ley. Mrs. Sifton, the wife of Honorable Clifford Sifton,
:Minister of the Interior, 'is a grand-daughter of John
Burrows, and one of the few remaining members of this
famous first settler, of 'whom too little is known.
First Suspension Bridge built across the Ottawa
River at Chaudiere Falls, as a result of joint deliberation
of Lord Dalhousie, Philemon \ V right, Colonel Dunford
and Colonel By. This bridge was blown down in 1836,
and the present one is the third.
I827.-Town named for Colonel By, "By town." The Colonel
had come out to build the canal.
Two contingents of the Sappers and :Miners-now
called Royal Engineers-came to town to build bridges,
and other canal work.
Joseph Coombs, a sapper and miner, built the first
frame house, 351 Rideau Street, which was torn down
only a year or two since. Before that time the barracks for
the soldiers, and log cabins and tents for the workers,
were the domiciles of those then here. Joseph Coombs
was the first druggist in By town.
Sir John Franklin, in August, laid the corner stone
of the Rideau Canal locks. P.S.-" Yes, this was be-
fore Sir John got lost hunting for the North Pole." He
should have stayed in Ottawa. This should be, a lesson
for Captain Bernier. Ottawa is all right; at any rate,
the Captain will always know" where he's at."
The Methodists built a church on Rideau, between
Friel and Chapel Streets, said to have been the first
church built. The Catholics built a small one, in 1828,
at the corner of Sussex and S1. Patrick Streets, on the
site of the present Basilica. Father Haron was the first
priest, and lived near the church on Sussex. south of St.

4 6

Otta'lC'a, The Hub.

Patrick. The ,l\Iethodist Church was used by other ùe-
nominations for a number of years.
John Chitty built the first hotel, corner of Welling-
ton and Kent Streets.
This was an important year for Miss Mary Ann
O'Connor. She was the first white girl born in Ottawa,
It was a good omen to be thus first, for all through life
she held that position, doing a world of good up to her
death in June, 19 0 3. She was married to Henry James
Friel, mayor in 1854-'63-'68 and '69, which latter year he
died. He at one time was editor of the Packet, now (he
Citizen, and was a very popular man.
1827.-Capt. Thos. J. Jones came to Ottawa this year with his
father, a member of, the 7th Company of the Sappers and
:Miners (now called the Royal Engineers), who came to
build the canal bridges. He was born on the Island of
Barbados, in 1821, now (1904) 83 years old. He went
up the Rideau on the first passenger boat, "The
Pumper," Colonel By and his officers going up ahead on
the" Gnion." That was in 1833. His last trip was
made with Lord l\Iinto, 1903, 70 years afterward. He
says that Lord l\Iinto is the first Governor General to
make the' trip to Kingston. He can read without glasses,
and says he was never in better health. He began
steamboating in 1840, when 19 years old, and for 56
years never lost a year. He makes occasional trips in
yachts from here to l\Iontreal via Kingston.
1828.-Bytown grown to ISO houses. First graveyard (l\'letho-
dist) started on Sparks Street, at rear of Parker's lye
works-very appropriate location.
St. Andrew's Church built.
1830.-Blaisdels & Perkins, first manufacturers of iron impìe-
ments in town.
1832.-Rideau Canal finished. Fortunately, its purpose has never
been needed, and never 'lCJill be.
1833.-Street fair held to celebrate the opening of canal. O!1
his
occasion there was a fight between the Canalers (ongInal
Shiners, who were afterwards joined by the Shantymen)
and the farmers from Carleton. The fight like the fair
was a "street," and "free" to all, and yet both sides
said it wasn't fair. Colonel By, being present, said:
"This is the last 'exhibition' to be held in my time," and
so it was, as the next one was not held until in the
o's.
l\Iiss Catherine Coombs, now 1\11rs. Tracey, of 221
Stewart Street, born this year. She is the oldest woman
living in Ottawa, who was born here.

Byto'Z(.'1't Incorporated.

47

I 836.-Geo. Franklin came to By town. Still living in Ottawa,
and ninety years old.
1837.-Rideau Hall built by Hon. Thos. ]\'IcKay, who, with John
Redpath, built the Rideau Canal locks. He built the
Hall as a private residence, having purchased 1,000 acres
of land east of the Rideau River. He founded New
Edinburgh, now a part of the city.
1838.-Bible Society started. Office then as now north-west cor-
ner of Sparks and Elgin Streets.
By town seems to have gone out of history-making
after 1838, as the next date we find is
1842-when the first lawyer came to town, and then trouble be-
gan, and has kept up ever since. They had to organize
a fire company that year, first on record.
1843.-Charles Waterston came from Tipperary direct to Ottawa.
At ninety, still here (1904).
Ottawa Collegiate Institute started by Rev. Dr.
Wardrope-still living, hale and hearty.
The Institute, in September, 1903, held its 60th
anniversary. It was called: " The Old Boys' Re-union."
P.S.-" Oh, yes; it's a girls school too, but the dear girls
-bless 'em-never grow old, so they had to be guests.
The Colonel and I 'were guests too. We were given
seats in front, so that it was impossible to get out when
the Chairman arose and said: "\Ve will have to begin
at once, as we have 29 speakers on the programme."
However, as the "Old Boys" were good talkers, we
were glad we could not get out.
The Institute is one of the best in Canada-possibly
the best one of its kind.
First Knox Church built on Sandy Hill.
1844.-April 17th. S1. George's Society organized, and held first
meeting in Royal Exchange Hotel, Wellington Street.
H. J. Friel, with Wm. Harris, started a "Packet"
of news, which, after going from Bell to Bell (Freeland
to Robert), reformed and became a very good
" Citizen," in 18SI-and is yet in
vidence, morning and
afternoon, with weekly visits.
" Honest" John Heney came to town this year.
Union Suspension Bridge opened Sept. 17 th .
Colonel George Hay, President of the Ottawa Bank,
came to ßytown in June, from l\Iontreal. He was for
a considerable time confidential clerk to the Hon. Thos.
l\lcKay, and has ever since been a prominent figure in
the growth of village to city of the CapitaL \\Then he
came, Parliament Hill was "Barrack's HilL" He re-
members Isaac McTaggart (nephew or brother of John

4 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

McTaggart, who was Colonel By's private secretary),
taking him around to see the sights.
In my research I found that one Hay had suggested
the Seal of Ottawa, and in fact the name of Ottawa for
the city. On a chance I asked Mr. Hay if he was the
man, and he modestly admitted that he designed the Seal,
and had also suggested the name. The" find" was so
good that I must give it. Being at the time possessed
of artistic gifts, he was asked by one of the members of
the city council to design a seal, which he did, and it was
accepted. Its points were (1) the Canal Locks, (2)
Lumber Industry, (3) the Union Suspension Bridge,
uniting the two Provinces, (4) the Ottawa and Prescott
Railway. The Crest was a broad axe, and the motto:
" Advance."
" How did you come to suggest Ottawa as a name
for the Capital?"
" Before coming here I clerked in a wholesale :store
in Montreal. The Hon. Alex. Grant, who then had a
store at L'Original, would always have his goods marked
, Ottawa,' so when the question of dropping By town and
taking up another name came up, this old mark came to
my mind. I suggested it to Hon. Thos. McKay, and it
was adopted."
Mr. Hay tells a good story of a new arrival from
Scotland. In conversation with an Ottawan (who was
much interested in him when he learned that the new
comer was from his own part of Scutlan'), he was ask-
ed: "Did ye ken a mon by the name 0' -?" "Aye,"
said Sandy, "I kenned him weel. He was a muckle
mon, but or'fond 0' drenk. Ded ye ken him?" "Aye,
aye, he was me fayther!" I purposely changed the
name into a dash, as it-the name-is a familiar one
here.
To talk to these pioneers is a rare pleasure, and I
would that I might give more space to reminiscences of
old times.
1846.-Samuel Bingham born.
I 847.-By town incorporated, and John Scott, a prominent lawyer,
was elected first l\1ayor. Town Conncil: Thos. Cor-
coran, Nicholas Sparks, N. S. Blaisdel, John Bedard and
H. J. Friel. First :Member of Parliament, Stewart
Derbyshire, who defeated William Stewart, who suc-
ceeded Derbyshire.
1848.-0ttawa University established by the Right Rev. J. E.
Guigues, first Bishop of Ottawa. First President, Rev.
Father Tabaret, O.M.I., D.D.
18SI.-First City Directory appeared this year.

Byto'wn Becomes Ottawa.

49

18s3.-The Ottawa and St. Lawrence Railway was built. Cp to
this time all actors had to walk to town.
Henry Franklin Bronson and sons came here Írom
.l\Ioreau, N.Y. They soon became leading factors in the
lumber trade. They were the" pioneers in shipping sawn
lumber to the States. The sons are still in active busi-
ness, the Hon. Erskine H. (President of a number of
Ottawa's great businesses), Frank P. and "Valter G.
(born in Otta\\'a). 1\1r. Bronson came first in 1848 to
" spy out the land." He saw the great possibilities of the
Ottawa as a means of floating logs, and the Chaudiere
as a power for mill sites. Engineers told him, however,
that the river could never be used practically.. "Its
falls are too wild," they said, "and to make it practical
would require a fortune." 1\1r. Bronson, in those early
days, had not the fortune, but he had what proved far
better, grit, courage, and excellent judgment, which he
exchanged for the fortune. No, not exchanged, for in
the end he had still all three, and the fortune besIdes.
He built the first saw mill on the Ontarìo side. He ".vas
the first to use the iron frame for gang saws. He died
in 1889. :l\Irs. Bronson, a lady of rare benevolence, is
still living. To her suggestion (and much " else") the
city owes the Protestant Orphans' Home on Elgin St.
This family is always foremost in good works.
18s4.-City was first lighted by gas.
18s4.- B ytown assigned to the city of Ottawa, and went out of
business. E. B. Eddy, " the Industrial King of the Ot-
tawa Valley," came to Hull from Vermont. Besides
many other things, he has become the greatest " l\Iatch-
maker" in the world. P.S.-" No, I don't mean that
at all r' This last remark was made to a spinster, who
said she guessed she would go over to Hull while visit-
ing the city.
18ss.-Ottawa incorporated as a city. John Bower Lewis, Q.C.,
first :\layor.
18S6.-D. :l\Iurphy, now l\LP.P., worked his way to town. As he
came up the river, he noticed that it wasn't being over-
worked, so he set about getting some barges and steam-
ers together, until he is now with a fleet of barges carry-
ing/ down a large part of the lumber sawed hereabouts.
18s7.-J. R. Booth hand-sawed his way to Ottawa from \Vaterloo,
Province of Quebec, and has been sawing a little ever
since. This was a remarkable year. The greatest lum-
berman of his time-John Egan-died at 47, just as the
greatest one of all time-in Canada-came in at 31.
18S7.- Bo ard of Trade organized, with a membership of 50.
Little was done, however, until in 1891, since which time

50

Ottmva, The Hub.

Ottawa has, with reason, felt proud of possibly the best
Board of Trade in Canada, They are live, up-to-Jate
men, as the development of the city can well attest.
December 31st. H. Labouchere communicated to
Sir Edmund Head, Governor General of Canada, that
Queen Victoria had selected Ottawa for the Capital of
the country.
1858.-0n March 16th, the Governor General communicated this
to the Legislative Council. This was not ratified by the
Canadian Parliament until 1859.
1859.-Architects for Parliament Buildings, Fuller and Jones, for
departmental buildings, Stent and Lavers. Builder for
Parliament Buildings, Thomas 1\lcGreevy, (contract
price, $348,500). For the departmental blocks, the con-
tract was taken by Jones and Haycock, for $27 8 ,810.
The contracts were taken much too low, and had to be
largely increased. 1\lr. R. H. Haycock, manager of the
Canada Life Insurance Co., is a son of the builder. He
remembers when the Prince of \Vales was here in 1860.
:l\1iss Emily Haycock, his sister, laid the corner stone of
the eastern block. She still retains the little silver trowel
and level used on that occasion.
1860.-The Prince of \Vales-now King Edward VII-laid the
corner stone of the present magnificent Parliament
Buildings, in which, on June 8th, 1866, was opened the
first session.
Ottawans rode on their first horse car.
Agricultural Society acquires Lansdowne Park for
exhibi tion pu rposes.
1869.-Agricultural Society holds first exhibition.
1875.-Society holds Provincial Exhibition. In 1879 it took the
form of a Dominion Exhibition; also in 1884. J. B.
Lewis, barrister, was the first President, and 1\1r. A. S.
Woodburn, Secretary. The latter always took much in-
terest in the Society, being for many years its Secretary.
1869.-0ttawa Free Press began its efficient work on December
27th. C. \V. :l\1itchell was editor and prop:-ietor until
19 0 3, when the plant, grown very valuable, was sold to
a company, with Alfred Wood as managing director.
1875.-City Hall built,
Normal School opened its doors for the first time.
1882.-0n October 23rd, the Canada Atlantic Railway ran its
first train from OUa wa west.
The Langevin Block built by :1\lr. A. Charlebois and
Mr. F. l\lallette. Thomas Fuller was the architect.

By town Incorporated.

51

188s.-The Ottawa Journal was started by A. S. Woodburn, as
an independent newspaper, and has continued so ever
since. It is now the Journal Printing Company, with
P. D. Ross as managing director and editor. J\lr. \V ood-
burn was connected with the paper up to the tìme of his
death in 1904.
189I.-Up the Gatineau by rail was made possible by the building
of the Ottawa Northern.
Horse cars replaced by the electric syste" ,!,
IS95.-0ttawa held its great winter carnival, and ever since has
been explaining that ,. It's not so - cold after all!"
But one carnival was enough.
1898.-Ex-Ì\Iayor Bingham presented Bingham's Park to the city.
The same year this generous man made available a block
for a children's play ground, where the little ones, from
the richest to the poorest, may come and find every form
of game for their enjoyment. Such citizens as Ex-Mayor
Bingham are the real benefactors of a city. Long aiter
he has gone will the little Ottawans throw up their hats
and shout: "Three cheers and a tiger for good J\1ister
Bingham," and if I were there I'd cheer with them! I
love any man who loves children.
1900.- This was the year of the great Hull fire, which swept
across the river (Ottawa), and burned the whole south-
ern part of the city.

Mile Stones of a Century.
The foregoing are but mile stones here and there. There
are many other mile stones, but the words and figures are so dim
that even with the aid of all the historical glasses I could find, I
could not make out the graven records. A new people think of
" how we shall live " rather than giving any time to recording the
" how."

By town lncorporated-Ñ! ayors.
In 1847 By town had grown to a population large enough for
incorporation, which was brought about by Wm, Stewart, then

l. P., having a resolution passed granting the right.
Following are the mayors of By town, wtih their terms of
office :-
John Scott, [847; John Bower Lewis, 1848; Robert Hervey,
1849; John Scott, 1850; Charles Sparrow, 1851; R. W. Scott
(now Secy. of State), 1852; Joseph B. Turgeon, 18S3; Henry J.
Friel, 1854. .
At the close of this year By town stopped and

52

Ottawa
The Hub.

Ottaawa born Jan. Ist
1855-..L
f ayors.
Ottawa started Jan. 1st, 1855. John Bower Lewis became the
first mayor, serving during 1885-'56 and '57; Edw. :McGillivray,
18 5 8 and '59; Alexander \Vorkman, 1860, '61 and '62. It was
during his first term that the Prince of Wales visited Ottawa. In
honor of this visit the "l\iayor's Chain" was started, and received
its first link. It has grown to many links. Henry J. Friel was
again elected in 1863, and again in 1868 and 1869, during
which last year he died. The next one to take the :IViayor's chair
was :IVL K. Dickinson, 1864, '65 and '66. He was a remarkable
man, and one of the great figures of his time. Robert Lyon
served the city in 1867; then as above Friel, held th
office for two
years; John Rochester, I8io and)1 ; E. l\Iartineau, 1872 and '73.
It was during his term that Goodwin built the Wellington Street
bridge across the canal. J. P. Featherston served two terms, 1874
and '75; G. B. Lyon-Fellowes, 1876; \V. H. \Valler, 1877; C. \V.
Bangs, 1878; C. H. :Mackintosh, 1879, '80 and '81; P. St. Jean,
:J\I.D., 1882-'83; C. T. Bate, 1884; Francis l\IcDougall, 188 5-'86;
McLeod Stewart, 1887-'88; Jacob Erratt, 1889-'90: Thos. Birkett,
the present :J\LP., 1891; Oliver Durocher, I892-'9
: Geo. Cox,
18 94; Wm. Borthwick, 1895-'96; next came, possibly the most
unique mayor Ottawa ever had, by reason of his charity and the
work accomplished during his term, Samuel Bingham, I 897-'gR ;
T. Payment, 1899--1900; \V. D. l\lorris, mayor up to I I o'clock,
Ign; Jas. Davidson serving the rest of 1901; Fred Cook, 19 0 :::?-
'03, and the office is now, 1904, held by J. A. Ellis.

"HOW IS CANADA GOVERNED?"

That is the first question asked about a country, H how is it
governed?" Canada runs along so smoothly that one almost
wonders that it is governed at all-you thought, I thought, we all
thought, that the Queen and then King Edward, ran the affairs
of this great Dominion, when, as you shall see, the rulers of the
Home Government only know of the laws made here as they read
about them as we would read about them.
King Edward is represented here by a Governor General,
while the real work of the country is in the hands of the repre-
sentatives of the people themselves, at the head of which repre-
sentation is the l\Iinistry, which at present is as follows,
headed by:-

The Go'vernor General.
Governor Genera1.-His Excellency the Right Honourabh

Sir Gilbert John Elliot, Earl of 11into and Viscount
Melgund of l\1elgund, County of Forfar, in the Peerage
of the United Kingdom, Baron l\1into of :Minto, County of Rox-
burgh, in the Peerage of Great Britain, one of His l\1ajesty's most
Honourable Privy Council, Baronet of Nova Scotia, Knight
Grand Cross of the 110st Distinguished Order of Saint l\1ichael
and Saint George, Governor General of Canarla.

Staff.
Governor General's Secretary and 1filitary Secretary.-
Iajor
F. S. 11aude, C.I\I.G., D.S.O.. Coldstrcam Guards.
Aides-de-Camp.-Captain A. C. Bell, Scots Guards; Captain
J. H. C. Graham, Coldstream Guards.
Comptroller of the Household.-Arthur Guise, Esq.
Private Secretary.-Arthur F. Sladen, Esq.

54

Ottawa J ' The Hub.

The AIinistry.
(According to Precedence.)
The Right Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, P.C., G.C.11.G.,
K.C., D.C.L. (Oxon.), President of the King's Privy Council
for Canada. First AI inister.
Minister of Trade and Commerce?
The Honourable Richard \Villiam Scott, K.C., LL.D., Secre-
tary of State.
The Honourable Sir Frederick William Borden, K.C.1I.G.,
B.A" 1LD., 11inister of 1:Iilitia and Defence.
The Honourable Sir \Villiam .11ulock, K.C.I\1.G., K.C.. 1\1.1\.
LL.D., Postmaster General and 11inister of Labour.
The Honourable Sidney Arthur Fisher, B.A., 1Iinister OI
Agriculture.
The Honourable William Stevens Fielding, 1\1inister of
Finance.
The Honourable Clifford Sifton. K.C., :Minister of the
Interior.
The Honourable William Paterson, :l\1inister of Customs.
The Honourable J ames Sutherland, lVlinister of Public
Works.
The Honourable Charles Fitzpatrick, K.C., B.C.L., :Minister
of Justice.
The Honourable vVilliam Templeman (without portfolio).
The Honourable Joseph Raymond Fournier Préfontaine,
K.C., B.C.L., Minister of
1arine and Fisheries.
The Honourable Henry Robert Emmerson, K.C., 1\1inister of
Railways and Canals.
The Honourable Louis Philippe Brodeur, K.C.. LL.B.,
1in-
ister of Inland Revenue.
(The above form the Cabinet.)
The Honourable Henry George Carroll, K.C., LL.8.,
Solici tor-General.
High Commissioner for Canada in London, The Right Hon-
ourable Baron Strathcona and 11011nt Royal. G.C.:\LG., LL.D.
(Cantab. )
This list will shortly, be changed, but the powers that be were
reticent as to the changes so I must leave it as it now stands,

Office Holders and H (Y'& They Get There.

S5

CHIEF OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE,

Clerk of the Privy Council, John Joseph McGee.
Clerk of the Senate, Samuel Edmour St. Onge Chapleau.
Clerk of the House of Commons, Thomas Barnard Flint,
lVI.A., LL.B.
Governor General's Secretary, lIIajor F. S. M:aude, C.M.G.,
D.S.O.
Auditor General, John Lorn l\IcDougall, C.M:.G.. l\LA.

Deputy Heads of Departments.
Deputy of the !\Iinister of Finance, J olm :Mortimer Courtney,
eM.G., LS.O.
Deputy of the !\Iinister of Public \V orks, Antoine Gobeil.
King's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Samuel Edward
Dawson, Lit. D., F.R.S.C.
Deputy of the :Minister of Trade and Commerce, William
Granis Parmelee, LS.O.
Deputy of the l\Iinister of Railways and Canals, Collingwood
Schreiber, C.l\I.G., C.E.
Deputy of the NIinister of Justice, Edmund Leslie N ew-
combe. K.C., :M.A., LL.B.
Comptroller of the North-west M:ounted Police Force,
Frederick White, C.I\LG.
Under-Secretary of State and Deputy Registrar General,
Joseph Pope, C.l\I.G.
Deputy :Minister of 1Iarine and Fisheries, Francois Frederic
Gourdeau.
Commissioner of Customs, J olm l\IcDougald.
Deputy of the :Minister of the Interior, James A. Smart.
Deputy Postmaster-General, Robert l\Iiller Coulter, M.D.
Deputy of the
1inister of l\Iilitia and Defence, Colonel Louis
Felix Pinault, C.l\:I.G.
Deputy of the l\finister of Labour, \Villiam Lyon !\:Iac-
kenzie King, :M.A., LL.B.
Deputy of the :Minister of Inland Revenue, \Villiam J oh11
Gerald.
Deputy of the !\Iinister of Agriculture and Statistics, and
Deputy Commissioner of Patents, George Finley O'Halloran.
Deputy of the Supcrintendent General of Indian Affairs,
Francis Pedley.
Director of the Geological Survey-Vacant.

56

Otta.wa
The Hub.

The following officers have by Statute the rank of Deputy Head.
General Librarian of Parliament, A. D. DeCelles, LL.D.
Parliamentary Librarian, 11. J. Griffin, LL.D.
Registrar of the Supreme Court, R. E. Cameron, K.C.
It may be interesting to know something about how officers of
the country ar
chosen.

OFFICE HOLDERS AND HO\V THEY GET THERE.

In our country we elect most of our office holders. The most
popular man among the people gets the" plum." As is too often
the case, his only ability is that of ., jollying." He can jolly him-
self into office, and do nothing after he gets there; and again, toO
often the worst element runs our affairs of Government, especially
our cities, where the saloon-keeper has far more to say than have
the best law-abiding citizens. Judges are often selected from this
class, and they in turn sit in judgment over our better element.
Ours is indeed a "free country,"-especially for those who, in
many cases, should not be given so much freedom. Up here the
better element are the people who are free, and the" hoodlums .,
have far less to say than with us. \Ve pride ourselves too much
on the word. W
roll it (especially the" R") as a sweet morsd.
" FR-R-R-EED01I! ' I used to roll it too, often, when I came
up here, and for as much as a whole week boasted of our free in-
stitutions, and felt sorry for these poor Canadians who were ruh:
d
by a King, but at the beginning of the second week I found that
alì the facts that I had been acquiring about Canada during a num-
ber of years were not so at all. Then, I.looked into their form
of Government, and learned some more facts, which, in the second
learning, I found to be correct.
In speaking thus plainly does not mean that I love my coun-
try less; it only means that I have less conceit of onr institutions,
as I find a whole lot of things up here very, very commendabl
,
and after which we would not lose by following. I used to think,
and many of you down home still think, that the King arbitrarily
governs Canada, making or dictating its laws-while, in fact. he
does not even suggest a law, and in no way governs, as we know
the word.
See below how the offices are filled. From an office seeker's
point of view, Canada is very, very badly run, but for the people,
Canada has a beautiful system.
All Judges, from Supreme Court down to County Court, are
appointed by the Federal Government, and cannot be removed ex-
cept by Parliament. Police magistrates, notaries and justices of
the peace, are appointed by the Provincial Governments. Sheriffs,

$3,800 for Livery Hire.

S7

and all Clerks of the Court (except Supreme and Exchequer
Courts, appointed by the Federal), are also appointed by the Pro-
vincial Government.
All city and county officials are appointed by the municip:ll
aldermen and councillors, and do not go out of office on a change
of aldermen or councillors, but may remain in during good be-
haviour, so that very few changes ,are made in civic officials.
The Federal and Provincial appointments are made during
good behavior, which up here means a life sentence to office.
Those elected are the members of the Federal Parliament, the
Provincial Legislatures, city, county and township; aldermen (for
cities) and councillors (for county and township); also schooi
trustees.
The election of municipal aldermen is governed by the laws
of each province, btÜ the election is usually held once a year. The
election for Federal members of Parliament is supposed to be held
every five years, and for the Provincial Parliament every four
ycars, but it often happens that the elections are held more fre-
qt 1 ently, for various reasons. The Senate or Upper House of the
Federal Government is composed of Senators, appointed for
ife
by the Governor General in Council. Lieutenant Governors (one
for each province) are also appointed by the Governor in Council,
for a term of five years, and may be re-appointed. The Governor
General himself is appointed by the British Government for a term
of five years, and is paid by the Dominion of Canada, flo,ooo a
year. He is the only official connection between Canada and the
British Government, and his salary is all that it costs Canada to
have the full protection of the 110ther Country, which country has
even to pay a duty on all dutiable goods sent here. The tie that
binds the two is one more of sentiment than of anything stronger.
If Canada should become independent to-day, Great Britain, from
a financial point, would not lose a dollar. You didn't know this,
ch? N either did I when I used to feel sorry for poor Canada,
when I thought of her, as being under a monarchy. It is to smile
when I now think of her as, in many ways, more of a free govern-
ment than we are. I am sure that we are more governed by (lat\
)
Europeans than is Canada, and especially so by those Europeans
who have so little governing rights at home, none, in fact, at
home, and all-with us-they choose to take, and that is " everv-
thing in sight." Vide New York City. Yea, verily, ours is a
free cmmtry-for the newcomers-and yet we should feel thank-
ful that they can't take our Presidency. They would have
ad
that long ago, but for the wisdom of the Fathers.

CQ1tadian Elect1'ons.
Elections are not always held at stated times, as with us.
Election day is often set arbitrarily. Sometimes these elections
create great interest. Just now one is on for this week, in a

58

Ottawa
The Hub.

county a few miles to the west. It is for a single member of the
Ontario Legislature. No other office is to be filled, but there is
more excitement over that one than we would often see over the
election of a President. "You're another." "You'd burn your
grandmother's barn." "You stole that money, and you can't deny
it." And many such terms of affectionate regard are bandied as
freely as compliments at an old ladies' quilting party. One maD.
says on the platform: "I'm afraid my life will be the forfeit."
He's answered by the next speaker: "Don't worry, or lose any
sleep, as there isn't one of your friends-the enemy-who would
waste a penny on ammunition." Oh, yes; you must not think
that we have all the platform fireworks, for we have not. Some
of the pyrotechnics are very brilliant up here, rivalling at times
the aurora-borealis. Down home a member may be accused of
accepting a bribe, and he will deny it, and do his best to prove his
innocence. I have in mind a case in this province where a mem-
ber accused himself of accepting a bribe, and a long and very
x-
pensive trial was held to prove that he was a 1- I mean a man
economical of the truth. They proved it, but the ex-member oas
taken the" stump" to try to convince the publio that the trial was
not fair. \Vhat do you think of that? He seems determined to
find himself guilty.
Later.- The successful candidate spent over $7,000 for
legitimate expenses-over $3,800 of it for livery hire. Livery
business is very good up here.
Still Later.- The young man resigned after being elected.
A long election trial was held in which facts (?) were brought
out that showed that nearly, or quite, $100,000 were used by or
for the two candidates, and nobody gäÏned a thing but the livery
stable men and the voters, many of whom up in that county, sell
their votes as they would sheep pelts. No wonder it is said on
good authority that there was "something decayed in Denmark.;>
Imagine Clark County, with nearly double the population
in Springfield, (the county town), nearly twice as many voters Ín
one town as there are in this half county in question! Imagine
I say, Clark County spending $100,000 ,simply to send one man
to the State Legislature, and then have that one resign rather
than have aU the. facts brought out!
Boss Tweed, in his palmiest days, was a thumb sucking baby
in politics in comparison to the variety they have up the river.
If the printer keeps the press open much longer there may
be still further "later," as two 1ncn are about to run for a higher
office in that county, and both have several "barrcls"-the two
boys, of whose campaign I have told you, only had a few small
"kegs" of money.
It is fortunate that this county is the exception, so don't get
the impression that corruption is the rule in Canada, and many of

HeW asn' t a Pillar.

59

the better element in this county, sorely regret the conditions
brought about by the dealers in þelts.

Cabinet Ministers the Real Workers.
Speaking of office holders. There are many offices, as with
us, mere sinecures, but there are others again which to fill is hard
work. Of this number are the positions of the Cabinet :l\1inisters.
I have never seen men up here in any line of business or profes-
sion who have to work more hours than the Cabinet 1\1inister.
He is at his office early and late, and when Parliament is in ses-
sion, he has to fill the position of member as well. He is paid but
$7,000 a year, which must be inadequate for all that is expected
of him. The Prime l\Iinister gets but $8.000. In Australia, Lhc
Prime l\iinister receives in all $12,500, with much less to do than
here. vVith Canada's vast improvement, and annually increasii.1g
wealth, these salaries, no doubt, will be increased.
I am much indebted to Ottawa's officers at the City Hall for
many courtesies. These officers are: City Clerk, l\Ir. john Hen-
derson; City Engineer, Mr, Newton Ker; Assessment Commis-
sioner, l\ir. A. Pratt; Treasurer, 1\1r. James Lindsay; City Coi-
lector, 1\lr. Ceo. VV. Seguin; Fire Chief, 1\1r. Provost; Superinten-
dent of Fire Alarm, l\Ir. Ceo. F, 1\lacdonald. Some of these mèn
have been in office a long while, 1\1r. Pratt for 28 years, and Mr.
:McDonald for nearly the same length of time. This system is
far better than ours, as the officers are not dependant upon votes.
Human nature is the same the world over. This fact is seen by
another set of officers who are dependent upon votes and-wen,
New York has no patent on its Tamany Hall methods-so the
Colonel says.

Canadian Justice.
They claim that their judges mete out a different brand of
justice, and cite the" bad man" of the States who becomes a law
fearing citizen when he gets to Canada. "See that man?" was
asked. "vVell he don't dare;to return to your country. He was
there known as a desperate character. Your Idaho (from there
he came) either feared him or for some reason allowed him to
, run things' until the people ran him out of the country. vVe
have made of him a new man. He knows that our judges have
a little way of dispensing justice which will not brook any 'wink-
ing' at the law. We may be no better, and I am sure that our
laws are no better, but you must admit that there is far less
crime in Canada than in the States."
" To what do you attribute this fact?" I asked, and then he
became critical and a bit sarcastic, saying by way of reply.
"Your judges have something more important to employ
their time than the dispensing of justice ( ?)"

60

Ottawa
The Hub.

":More important!" I exclaimed, "what could be to them
more important than doing their duty?"
" Their next election! 1\ow in our country our judges are
in for life, and are not worried as to how they can please the man
who controls the votes; they therefore do very little 'pigeon hole-
ing' of cases, for ward heelers, as I know is done in your cities.
Do not think I would place all your judges on this low plane, but
the temptation for re-election is certainly too strong for some of
them. Again, our system is better; with you a man of any kind
of character can become a judge, if he can get the votes of the
people, while with us he is selected by men of judgment and must
be of good character:
and ability."
His last remark brought to mind a good story apropos of
a recent judicial appointment for one of the Provinces.

" TVas afraid one of those-lawyers was going to get the job. JJ
" Who got the place?" asked one neighbor of another spe3.k-
ing of a vacancy on the bench in their judicial district.
_ " , Who?' vVhy - - -, and a good judge
he will make."
"Indeed he will-a wise judge, a just judge. I'm delight-
ed to hear he got it. Do you know! that I was awfully afraid that
one of those -lawyers was going to get the job!"
It so happens that the appointee was himself a lawyer, but
had been so long identified with national politics that even this
neighbor had forgotten it.
He wasn't a Pillar.
Speaking of law, judges and justice, I am inclined to think
that there is far more of justice in Canada than in the Stat
s.
Here is a case in point that has just caught my eye. In an Ohi()
county, a young man stole $13. He got ten years in the State
prison. I can well remember how, in the same county, an official
stole $90,000, and wag given one year. His bondsman, one of the
finest men in the county, was empoverished for life, as he nev
r
recovered from the blow. Why this difference? No one can
tell, but some did say, at the tiine, that "the official being such
an exenlPlary man, and a pillar in the church, saved him 1" It
does seem too bad-this difference! I might moralize and advise
Ohio's young men to become" Pillars" if they are determined to
steal, and while they are at it, to make the amount thousands in-
stead of a paltry $13-13 is so unlucky unless you are a " Pillar."
Two :years for a hog-One for a man.
Here is another case that came under my personal notice, I
was once in jail in Richmond, Kentucky,-" \\That! Oh dear no!
Of course not that-am surprised you'd ask, knowing me so well."

Tim Couldn't Pass a Bar.

61

"That's why I ask!" but I'm very patient and did no harm
to the Colonel for this. But to tell you of the time I visited th?.t
Richmond jail. Passing a cell, I noticed a man busily engag
ù
in saying things. He was quite emphatic in his remarks, anJ
used language that would be too strong even for my Colonel.
And yet I didn't blame him. He had just been given a two-years
sentence for stealing a hog, while the man in the next cell haJ
been given one year for killing his neighbor. People at a distan.:e
may wonder why capital punishment had been practically abolish-
ed in that State, but it is a plain case. They never hang Colonds
in Kentucky.

He's lust the Same.
You always find the man who would keep you supplied with
his brand of political idols. You find him at home where his
Democrat is the only Democrat whQ has ever come dm-\'n the pik

-or his Republican is the only one left who ever ran for an
office. \Vell, it's the same up here. You meet him on all occas-
ions and he is sure--if you're in a hurry-to stop and tell you all
about it. I met him last year when his idol was a Liberal. XO\v
this Liberal was: "The finest speaker, greatest statesman-ah, look
at that dome of thought I-most profound man in all Canada, a
man whose name will go howling down the ages."
"Rather a noisy name!" I ventured.
" Well, I don't exactly mean that-you know what I mean,
and who I mean."
"No, I must confess, I have no means of knowing. You
change your idol so often."
"I change! never! my principles would not allow it!"
and he \vas so offended that he would not speak
to me for a twelve-month-I met him the other dav-he
was very cordial in his greeting, and seemed not to remember his
anger of a year ago.
I will not offend this year, was my first thought, and that I
might start right, I began: "Well, I've been studying that ma
1
of yours, I've listened to his speeches, have watched his every
movement, and I must commend your good opinion. He is indeed
a great man! "
" Great! why, he is the smallest potatoes in all Canada, the
most insignificant, the-well I can't tell you how very small he
is. It makes me half wild to even think of him. \VI1\-, his head
is so small that it would get lost in a ten year old boy's. hat, while
his principles are-weB the man is devoid of principles! He has
none whatever-Kingston's boarding house is over-flowing with
better and greater men."
"vVhy," said I, as soon as I could break into his tiradc-"'J
thought this man was your ideal-you remember what a great
one he was last year? "

62

Ottawa, The Hub.

"Last year !-last year, do you say?"
" Yes, last year. Don't yon remember how great he was
then? The head that now would 'rattle in a ten year old boy's
hat,' was twelve months ago, 'a great dome of thought,' what has
caused this change? "
"Oh, I see! Last year-why man, last year I was a Liberal r'
" What are you now?"
" I'm a Conservative-Conservative of the most Conservative
kind, and with reason-with reason I say-do you know that man
did me a great wrong?"
"No," said I condolingly. "I had not heard of it, I'm very
sorry. Has he waylaid and robbed you?" I asked.
" :B-obbed me? worse than that. You remember my brothcr
Tim? well Tim was on my hands and I could not get a thing
for him to do, hunt the town over as I could, so r up and saw this
man I'd always voted for, and asked him for a place for the lad,
and ('0 you hdieve me
what do think he said-'Let him pass a
Civil Service examination and then come and see me.' Tl1rtled
me down cold! me who had always votcd for him. Ah, isn't that
enough to turn one agin a man? "
" I can't see that you were wronged. Did he not say, 'lct him
pass a Civil 'ex. and then come to see me?' "
" Yes, he did, and that's what riled me! He knew well
enough that Tim couldn't pass anything.,' vVhy the lad couldn't
pass the bar, and that's easier than a Civil ex."
" Knowing Tim so welt I'd say it was impossible! '

"What's impossible?"
" Why, for Tim to pass a bar! "
" Now, see here, don't get humorous. Its no laughing matter,
Here I have the lad on my hands and he wouldn't give him a
place. I tell you he's no good."
"Who, Tim?"
" See here, don't get personal! No, I mean the insignificant
who refused to give the lad a place, and I a workin' for him and a
votin' for him year in and year out. I tell you he's no good and
I'm agin him."

*

*

*

*

*

*

Later.-It's once more the great Dome of Thought-for
Tim's got a "job."

SCHOOLS.

The schools of Ottawa stand high in a province whose school
svstem is claimed to be one of the best in the world.
The widely known mathematician, Dr. J. C. Glashan, is In-
spector of all city schools. :Mr. Geo. H. Bowie is Chairman, and
1\lr. Wm. Rea is Secretary-Treasurer of the School Board, com-
posed of three members from each ward.
There are 18 schools iu the city, with 92 teachers, or with lhe
principals, 118.
As elsewhere mentioned, in Ontario the Catholic schools :.lre
called Separate.
1\1r. Terence :McGuire is Chairman, and Mr. A. 1IcNicoll is
Secretary-Treasurer of the Board. Of the number of separa
e
schools, seven are taught by 31 lay teachers and 12 Brothers, and
seven are taught by 59 Sisters.
The school year is ten months.

Normal and Alodel School aHd the Collegiate Institute
occupy a large block just beyond Cartier Square, running from
Elgin to the Canal.
The Collegiate Institute is under the management of a Board
of Trustees other than the Public School Board. They are John
Thorburn, LL.D., Chairman, G. B. Green, Thomas Birkett, l\LP.,
Henry Robillard, J. 1. 1IacCraken, D. :Murphy, 11.P.P., R. J.
Sims, R. J. Small; Cecil Bethune, Secretary-Treasurer, The
Collegiate is between the High School and College. The pupils
have to pay $20 of the actual cost a year ($55) of education per
pupil, the city paying the balance.

Pretty School Children.
That the school children of Ottawa are bright and intelligent,
I need but refer you to the two pictures in the" Gallery," where
you may see in " Pinafore" costume a number of them, boys and
girls of the city schools.

64

Ottawa, The Hub.

HIGHER EDUCATION.

Had the Englishman who said that as soon as his children
were educated he meant to go over to Canada, been uncon-
sciously dropped down into Ottawa, and waked up to see this
famous educational centre, he would have questioned the state-
ment that he was not in one of his own educational centres. I
had often heard of Ottawa's advantages, but had formed no real
conception of the extent to which higher learning is carried here,
until I visited the various colleges and schools. It is quite amus-
ing, or would be if it were not so serious a matter, to think of
he
dense ignorance of both the United States and England regarding:
Canada. l\lany people who should know better, even wonder if
Canada has ordinary school advantages, when really it is far ad-
vanced in public schools. universities and colleges. N ext to
Toronto and l\Iontreal, Ottawa has the most complete and exten-
sive system of education in Canada. There is here everythin
,
from the kindergarten to the university and colleges, with their
faculties in every branch of learning, and with business colleg:
s
that would do credit to any of our own great business centre
,

Com:ents.
There is here a branch convent of the famous :K otre Dame
Congregation founded in the 17th century, by a number of de-
voted women from old France. This is the Convent on Glouces-
ter Street, of which I have spoken elsewhere. It is under lhe
charge of Sister Eugenia. Lady Superior, of Boston. \Vhile
teaching all branches it excels in French and in ml
sic. As an
illustration of its excellent system of French. I heard on Com-
mencement Day, a beautiful little girl recite a long Frcnch poem.
Her accent was most excellent, I wanted to commend her. but was
afraid she might not understand English. Later on I ventured
to tell her how well she had recited. Imagine my surprise to
have her reply in even better English, and to find she was a little
American girl from my own county, down home, and had never
even heard French spoken before she came to Ottawa to school.
The Sacred Heart Convent, under the Grey X uns, a
like institution, is conducted on an elaborate scale.
This latter school, known as the Rideau Street Convent,
is famous not only in Canada, but throughout the
States, where there are hundreds of an alumnæ, as the insti-
tution is old (founded in 1849), and very popular. This alumnæ
have given a library, and fitted it np with rare taste. They have
also furnished (in old colonial) the great reception room, a pic-
ture of which you will see in the gallery. The chapel (design(;d
by Rev. Canon Bouillon) is after the Henry VII style-fan ceil-
ing-in Westminster Abbey. It was in this chapel where we

University of Ottawa.

65

heard the congregational singing of the pupils. More pleasing
voices we had never heard-soft, gentle, and yet so strong, sweet
and clear, that we were all but transported to where such singing
is the rule. The famous writer known far and wide as plain
"1\1. C." is a sister in this Convent, and is greatly beloved by all
classes and creeds.
The Church of England has a ladies' school, under the charge
of the Kilburn Sisters. It is growing to be one of the important
schools of the city. There are a large number of private schools,
probably the most important and best known is that of Miss Har-
mon's for young ladies, much after the style of the famous Ely
Sisters' school in N ew York.
There is here a college, or rather a Conservatory of 1\1 usic,
of so high an order that it would do credit to any of our great
cities. It is under 1\fr. H. Puddicombe, and a very able corps of
teachers.
I once called to see the head of a great institution of lear!1-
ing. He was cold in manner. "vVhat can I do for you?" he
asked, as though" doing" people were in his line. I did not stay
long, and never after thought kindly toward that" institution of
learning." Oh, the contrast when I called at

THE UXIVERSITY OF OTTAWA.

and met Father J. Edward Emery. 0.1\1.1., D.D. He was so cor-
dial in manner, and put me so at ease, that
shall ever think kind-
ly, not only toward him, but toward the great University of which
he is the head. I t was the evening before our own

Thanksgiving Day.
Said Father Emery: "\V e have a large number of students
from the States, and to-morrow, as is our custom, we give a dinner
to them in honor of the day; will you come and join the boys?"
The Colonel and I were there, and we have ever since been
trying to think of a day in our lives in which was crowded more
real heart-pleasure. From the moment we sat down to dinner at
mid-day, until darkness found us on our way home, there was not
a thing to mar the enjoyment. The boys greeted us, in the great
dining hall, with the most perfect college yell we had ever heard.
The hundreds of voices were as one, so accurate the timing of each
letter.
As at all dinners, there was the amusing. This dav it was
in the adjectives used by the chairman and the boys. I don't re-
member ever having heard so many in myoId college days, at
Delaware, Ohio, and no one of them (the adjectives) there had
ever been used on the same subject as on this occasion. While

66

Ottawa J The Hub.

the " subj ect " knew how deluded were the users, yet he could not
but appreciate and enjoy everyone of them, and if during lifel any
boy in that great hall gets "broke" and wants a "quarter," he
needs' but to ask, if ., Rube " and the" Colonel" are in asking dis-
tance.
After the dinner, Rev. Dr. O'Boyle, professor of Physics and
History; Father Fulham, Prefect of Discipline; and Professor
Grey, of Elocution, showed us over a part of the great institution.
To have gone through the various departments would have re-
quired far more hours than we had in the afternoon. The various
departments are Theology, Philosophy, Arts, Science, Collegiate,
Commercial, etc.
\Ve most enjoyed Dr. O'Boyle's scientific work room, in the
great Science Hall. It took me back years ago to Professor Sea-
mans' department at Delaware. O. Jolly-Ioved-by-everybody
Professor Seaman! As Dr. O'Boyle showed us the many new
appliances, and told us of the many discoveries made during re-
cent years, I could not but think that what I knew of science was
very, very little indeed. So fast are new discoveries crowding in,
that one must keep in touch with the progress, else one must feel
very far behind, on entering the Science Hall of to-day.
The University of Ottawa, under Father Emery, is surely
keeping abreast of the times. The new scientific appliances of
N ew York are found here; the discoveries of the world are yet new
when they reach this progressive institution.
"The Philosophical Course is both the crowning of the Col-
legiate course, and basis of all professional studies." This claim
one cannot but see carried out, if one but look over the writings of
some of the young men. I have read articles in the "Review,"
the College magazine, which seemed so mature that I could not
but think that they had emanated from minds with years of train-
ing; and afterwards met the writers, whom I found to be beardless
boys. N or are they alone trained to write, but under the gUId-
ance of Professor Grey (himself a writer of note), a famous Eng-
lish elocution instructor, they are learning to speak as well.

*

*

*

*

*

*

And-but, strange to say, just as I had finished the above
sentence, the fire bells rang out, and to-night (Dec. 2nd, 1903).
the Art Building of this great institution is in ashes. It started
this morning, and has burned all day, and nothing but a few of :.he
bare stone walls stand, where yesterday stood an institution I had,
in one short week, grown to love.
Father Fulham, who was chairman at that Thanksgiving
dinner, young, strong, and with a brilliant career before him, is
dead, and I mourn him as a dear friend, though I had known him
so short a time. In his effort to rescue otliers, he gave tlp his
own life.

Laying of the Corner StOIlC.

67

\Ve think, at home, that we are quick to act in emergency,
and rise out of disaster most readily, but when we think of the
rapidity with which the mind of Rector Emery worked, not only
that morning but since, we can but wonder at the marvellous
energy of the man, and the wisdom he has displayed in the dis-
a
ter. Even yet, while the fire was burning fiercest, he thought
of the parents of the pupils, and kne
of their anxiety, and before
nine o'clock had telegrams sent broadcast, that the pupils were all
safe, and by 10 o'clock had arranged for their transportation home.
He seemed to think of everything, and while the ruins of the great
building yet smoked, he had laid his plans for re-opening the
schools on January 7th, 1904, with all classes running along as
before.
A movement was set on foot to have the city vote $50,000
towards the rebuilding, but he said" No. Some might oppose,
and for the sake of the harmony which has ever existed here, and
which it is our great desire to maintain, I do not think it best. vVe
will not ask the city's aid, but will welcome all individual acts."
The Cniversity will build at once,1 separate buildings, modern
and with every improvement. The Science Hall, the J uniorate
College, and some of the other buildings escaped the flames, and
in these, with other rooms secured, the classes will go right on
as before.
To show the kindness manifested by others of different faith,
Henry J.
Iorgan, an Episcopalian, has undertaken to collect the
nucleus of a library to replace the one burned, and from all de-
nominations are pouring in offers to donate books. It looks as
thopgh it would require a large library building to contain this
nucleus.
The people of Canada are broadminded and generous.
Sir Sandford Fleming, Chancellor of Queen's University at
Kingston, is Chairman, and Sir James A. Grant, is Assistant, in
the Committee for the collection of funds. Both of these great
citizens are Protestants. All classes feel that this University,
which has long been the pride of Ottawa, should be rebuilt, and
that as speedily as possible.

LA YI
G THE CORNER STONE OF THE NE\;Y UNI-
VERSITY.

" \Ve meet at one gate when all's over,
The ways they are many and wide,
And seldom are two wavs the same. Side bv side
l\lay we stand at the sarÍle little door, when aÍl's done!
The ways they are many, the end it is one."
On May 24th, 1904, the corner stone of the new Arts Build-
ing was laid. One feature of the day's programme I cannot pa,;s

68

Ottawa
The Hub.

over. It was the luncheon in Rideau Rink, near by, to which
nearly 1,000 sat down. As I looked over the great audience, I
could not but think how times are changed, and how the world
moves toward that day
\Vhen men shaII love their feIIow-men
Far more than man-made creed. '
On the platform, which extended across the width of the
great rink, sat His Grace Archbishop Duhamel, the Chairman of
the occasion; to his right sat His Excellency Lord l\linto, beside
whom was His ExceIIency l\Jlonsignor Sbarretti, Apostolic De-
legate to Canada; to the Archbishop's left vvas a man whose
liberal mind has done so much to help bring about the very thing
of w,hich I write, a man whom we all love for his kindness of
heart, his personal and mental worth, His Eminence Cardinal
Gibbons, of Baltimore; and all along on either side of the tables
of the platform, as well as those of the main body of the rink,
were l\1ethodists, Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and those of many
other creeds. Catholic and Protestant sat side by side in kinùly
sympathy.
Not alone in the association of the sects, but in the many
most excellent speeches, was this kindness toward each other
shown. Nor were the speeches entirely national. The Canadian
is broad-minded, and takes in his brothers of all lands. He loves
his own flag, and yet has a place for those of other lands. On
this occasion, besides many small English and Canadian flags,
there were two large ones, the Union Jack and the Stars and
Stripes, and among the toasts was" The United States," propos-
ed by Dr. W. T. Herridge, "The Beecher of Canada," and ably
responded to by our Consul General at Ottawa, l\lr. J. G. Fost
r,
a man whose worth does honor to our country.
As I listened to the able speakers of our great northern
neighbor, I could not but feel the deep pleasure it is-and I trust
the pleasure wiII long continue-to write of them, and to teII of
their excellence, that my people at home may know them better.
I was particularly pleased with the speech of Judge Curran,
of l\Iontreal. It was able and eloquent, and cannot but do gn
at
good for the University.
All day long I could not but think of the one man who has
silently brought about the phænix-like movement of the Univer-
sity. Scarce had the fire begun eating away the great buildings,
when this man was sending out telegrams broadcast, to the hom
s
of the students, to aIIay the anxiety of those homes, and before
noon he had arranged to replace the lost clothing of the boys,
and had secured them transportation. \Vhile yet the great vile
was burning hot, he was planning how that school might resume
its work, one month away-and school resumed on time. Since
then he has travelled thousands of miles, visiting other coIIeges,

Unique Dinner.

G9

in order that he might select the best features of each, and that
he has selected well, the magnificent structure, whose corner stone
to-day was laid, can speak. So silently has he worked, that only
the few have seen the guiding hand, and that the world may
know, I gladly pay this feeble tribute to Rev. Father Emery.
It was with just pride that we of the States listened to Car-
dinal Gibbons, at the laying of the corner stone. His address
was eloquent and beautiful, and his sweet manner but intensified
the love of all who heard him on this occasion. \Vhen he said:
" Although, my dear friends, I am personally a stranger among
you, your great kindness and hospitality have made me feel my-
self at home," when, I repeat, he said that, the cheers that went
up from the assembled thousands must have made him know how
welcome he was.
He spoke of the builders of Canada, the English, the Irish,
the French. He would also have spoken of the most important
of all, but he knew full well that we Scotch could speak for our-
selves.
Lord :Uinto, in his address of welcome, struck a keynote
when he said: " I join, I am sure, with all of you, in welcoming
His Eminence to Ottawa, and in recognizing in him one who has,
not only for many years occupied the position of a great dignitary
of the Church of Rome on the continent of America, but who has
done much by his distinguished influence to direct and control the
modern thought and perhaps somewhat speculative :-eligious ten-
dencies of a new world."
Dr. I--Ierridge, Presbyterian clergyman, in his eloquent speech
at the luncheon, said two things which are very gems." It ought
never to be a difficult thing to join firmness of personal convic-
tion with respect for the views of others," and, " If there was 1:ot
to be liberality and charity, hope for the future of the country
would be given up."
Possibly the most eloquent speaker of the day was the Hon.
Richard Harcourt, Provincial l\Iinister of Education. One of
his pretty sentences was: "The work of the universities are as
stars of the night, to dispel darkness and ignorance." Some one
sitting beside me remarked, as Harcourt arose: "Now you win
hear one of our best provincial, if not Dominion, orators," and I
had to commend the "remarker."
Another pretty feature of the luncheon was to see the repre-
sentatives of an English and French University (Sir Sandford
Fleming, for Queen's, Presbyterian, of Kine-ston, and Monsignor
:1\Iathieu, for Laval, Catholic, of Quebec) sitting at the same table,
and to hear their kind words spoken for an English-French
Catholic institution.
U niq'lle Dinner.
In the evening, Speaker of the Dominion House, N. A. Bel-
court, gave the most unique dinner possibly ever given in Canada,

7 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

It was given in honor of Cardinal Gibbons. Included among the
guests were the Catholic Archbishop, Cardinal and Delegat
, the
Bishop of Ottawa, Church of England, :l\Iinisters of the l\Ietho-
dist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, etc., churches, with
Cabinet :l\Iinisters, leaders of the Government and the Opposition,
Politics and creeds were forgotten, and for the time they sat as
brothers of one great family, in a heart to heart communion.
It was not only unique, but beautiful, and pressaged the time:
When Jew and Gentile, sect with sect,
As brothers, hand in hand, march by,
And all the world shall love.
I spoke of the Belcourt dinner as being ., unique," but for
that matter, the Cardinal's whole visit has been unique. Ottawa,
regardless of creeds or sects, has entertained him royally, and
being in a way an international event, I have given it much space.
Anything showing a kindly spirit between Canada and my own
country is a joy to me to chronicle, for I love them both, and I
shall ever say that which will in any way deepen the cordiality be-
tween the two.

ASHBURY COLLEGE.

If one may judge by the prominence of its shareholders. and
the high standing of its pupils, there are few colleges in Canada
that will equal Ashbury, on Argyle Avenue, which, under the
able Head l'viaster, Rev. Geo. P. Woolcombe, and his competent
assistants, is growing, or rather has grown to the limit of its
capacity.
It may well be caned "The Rugby of Canada." To say: "I
was a pupil at Ashbury" is at once an honor and a pride, for
among its attendants are some of the best names in the Dominiol1.

OTTAWA LADIES COLLEGE.

The only Presbyterian Ladies' College in Canada (the pro-
perty of the Church) is located in Ottawa.
It is on Bay and Albert' Streets, running through to Slater.
It is a large stone structure, with spacious grounds.
It has been built with a view to the health and comfort of the
inmates. It is ideally located, high and with a, commanding view.
While it is Presbyterian, there is no interference whatever with
the religious preferences of its pupils. vVhen" Helen" or
" Pauline" begins to think of putting on "long dresses" again,
the one serious question is, " Where shall we send her to school ?"
Too many think of mere culture of manner, rather than the men-

Colleges and Schools.

7 1

tal of "Helen;" the light and trivial, rather than the real; the
social, rather than what ., Helen" may learn that may be useful.
On much investigation, I find that the Ottawa Ladies College has
culture, social standing, and teaches so much of the useful, that
were" Helen's" parents to know of it, the question of "where"
would be easily an5\wered.
All branches are taught, and by teachers specially fitted for
their departments.
:Music is given much attention in the College, and with the
arrangement it has with the famous Canadian Conservatory ûf
l\Iusic, near by, the pupils may have the benefit of as good musi-
cal instruction, as may be had in the Dominion.
The Board of Trustees contains the names of some of the
best known ministers and laymen in Canada. This is especially
true of the President of the Board and the Regent of the Staff.
Rev. \V. T. Herridge, D.D., and Rev. W. D. Armstrong, l\1.A.,
Ph. D.
.. The Principal is
Irs. J. Grant Needham, a lady of rare cul-
ture, a graduate of the Toronto Conservatory of l\1usic 1\lr5.
Needham is a member of one of the most prominent Presbyterian
families in Canada, her father being a minister, while her grand-
father, Rev. Donald l\IcKenzie, was the pioneer Presbyterian
minister of " Canada vVest." She is a neice of Rev, A. Cameron
l\IcKenzie, D.D., President of the Elmira, N.Y., Ladies' Colleg-e.
She is a lady of rare executive ability.

Aliss Harmon's School

l\lentioned elsewhere, is probably of interest to more Ottawa
families than any other in the city. Since the grandchildren of the
first pupils are now attending this famous school.
The sad drowning of l\Iiss Harmon occurred while we were
here, and the whole city seemed to feel it a personal loss, as she
was greatly beloved, by all, regardless of class or creed.

lVIETROPOLITA
BUSINESS COLLEGE.

I used to wonder why it was that the Canadian boys could
come to N ew York and step right into good paying positions, 3.nd
in many instances soon take up our banking, railroading and other
important branches; but when I see the high standard of the Cana-
dian business colleges, I do not wonder at it. Take, for instance,
the l\Ietropolitan College, which, under the management of 1\lr.
R. A. Farquharson, B.A., is reaching and meriting a fame that is
going out and beyond the city of its location. What strikes :)tlC'
as a bit in advance of our own business colleges is, that if an appli-

7 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

cant cannot speak the English language, he is placed under the
instruction of a special teacher of language, and ere long acquires
a proficiency that is remarkable. At this school the very latest in
books, both the best of our own as well as Canadian, are to Le
found, and a staff of teachers that know well each their particular
branch, and how to teach it. Mr. Farquharson is a graduate of
Queen's University, and was long Principal at the Richmond
I-Iill School, so that he is capable not only as a teacher of business
methods, but one capable of giving liberal instruction on other
educational lines as well. The young Canadians are taking up a
thorough business education more and more each year. They are
beginning to appreciate the fact that they must have business
training, else they cannot hope for other than a hard, manual plod-
ding existence. The Metropolitan was founded in 1896. Two
years ago it was taken over by the Federated Business Colleges of
Ontario, which now controls thirteen of the most progressive
schools in the province.
The influence of this Federation is far-reaching, business men
look to it for capable bookkeepers, stenographers, typewriters and
for thorough general business assistants, and what is a very im-
portant matter for the graduates, the schools do all they can to
secure places for them-many now occupying lucrative positions.
Ottawa may well be proud of the 1'vletropolitan Business
College.

ATHLETICS.

'\Vhile the national game, lacrosse, is played here by a team
that even beat the Shamrocks of
lontreal, other games have their
devotees. Baseball is not as popular as in the States and in some
of the other Canadian cities, and yet, it is played by the school
boys. Cricket and Association football are played, too, but create
but little interest. The greatest game of all, that which will make
an Otta wan forget his dinner, is

Rugby Football.
Football is the game that has made Ottawa famous all over
Canada. Father l\lichael Fallon, formerly of the Ottawa Univer-
sity, but now of Buffalo, New York, was possibly the greatest
coach Canada has ever known. He brought the" Ottawas of the
University" up to such high perfection in Rugby that they for
years have been invincible, this year they won the championsh
p
of the Quebec Union.
The very air of the University is to this day permeated with
Rugby, and the training seems not alone to have had its influence
on the teams that play, but on everyone of the hundreds of
students in attendance at this great temple of learning; shake hands
with one of the boys, and you will find your hand in a vise. Their
muscles seem like bands of steel, so intense has been the training.
It is said that when Father Fallon was here he had the team in
such control, that every player was a perfect machine with brains,
and when he set them going they worked together as work :he
wheels of a perfect watch. There has been no game ever
n-
vented which so tries the manhood of a student as does Rugby.
Brain must fit with muscle, decision must be quickly followed by
action, and tenacity of purpose bind the whole.

Hockey.
Next to football comes hockey, and it begins to look as though
there might b
a reversal of the two. In hockey, Ottawa is not

74

Ottm.va, The Hub.

only famous at home, but her prowess is known throughout the
S
ates, wherever the game is played, and this winter, new laurels
wIll doubtless be won by the All-Ottawa team that is to meet the
great players of Pittsburg and other cities, where enough Cana-
dians have been induced to come down to form teams.
The Ottawas won the Stanley Cup for 1903.

Basket Ball.
N or are the men alone proficient in athletics. At some of the
sc
ools basket ball is played with such skill that our college girls
nl1ght be taught many a new trick. It is played especially well at
the Girl's ,Model School on Elgin Street. In some places the girls
play hockey; this is more particularly so at Kingston, and the line
of towns along the lake. If the reports of some of the matches
between girl teams be correct, then one might well tremble to
meet them--on the ice.
Later.- The boys have taken up basket ball, and already
many teams are competiting for trophies offered by the ] oltrnal,
and other enthusiasts of honest sport.
This leads up to

Skating in Ottawa.
There is no city on the continent where more attention is paid
to skating than in Ottawa, and thanks to the interest taken in it
by Lord and Lady rvIinto, it has been brought up to such a high
degree of perfection, that it has become the very rythm of beauty
in motion. Rideau Hall is the centre of Ottawa's winter sports.
Here we find skating and tobogganing, under the auspices of
their Excellencies, brought up to a marvellous degree of beauty.
" Beauty," for the arrangement of the slides and rinks, with their
innumerable lights, make the Hall at night a very bit of fairyland.
Looking at it from afar, with its beautifully-laid grounds-vastly
improved by the artistic taste of Her Excellency-the lights
twinkling among the evergreens and shrubbery, glinting a miriad
of diamonds on their snow-laden branches, the gaily dressed
skaters flitting here and there in the merry waltz, or mazing into
the march or labyrinth, to music that charms away the night, is a
scene of beauty rarely found in any land. Here the elite of the
city are wont to gather, when the ice is smooth and the air brac-
ing, and while away the hours of night, and come again and again.
never growing weary of pleasure so exhilarating.
We do not wonder at the popularity of the present occupants
of the Hall, since to them Ottawa owes so much of enjoyment,
and we can but think how they will be missed when they return
to their home in far-away England.
N or is it alone at the Hall where skating has reached so high
an art, but all throughout the city are rinks, nightly filled by

Skating.

75

beautiful women and gallant men. The figure skating is possibly
unequalled anywhere for intricacy and real beauty, and the skill
with which those figures are gone through is simply delightful to
look upon. I would that I might describe to you, who are wont
to see skating where there is no order, where everyone skates or
falls at will, and all is chaos, the rare sight of possibly one hun-
dred couples going through figures so intricate that it would turn
dizzy the untrained skater. Take, for illustration,

The AI arch.
The skaters line up on either side of the centre of a long rink,
one hundred gentlemen on one side facing one hundred ladies on
the other, as in. Sir Roger de Coverley, with His Excellency facing
his partner, and Lady :Minto facing her partner, at the head. On
the music starting up, the ladies counter march to the right of the
ice until they meet at the lower end of the rink; then they join
hands, the gentlemen giving his right hand to his partner, and
skating to the place of starting, where they counter-march to the
right and left in alternate pairs to the end again; here two couples
join hands and skate back in fours; round again, then up in raws
of eight. From eights they reduce back to single pairs by the
same process; they then break off into alternate pairs again, right
and left, and on meeting at the lower end of the rink, the pairs
turning to the right let go hands, and the pairs turning to the left
pass through between the gentlemen and ladies they thus meet.
The same proceeding is repeated on the opposing pairs meeting
at the other (or upper) end of the rink, the only difference is that
the pairs that went through first now open out and let the others
pass through. The entire number of skaters in pairs now come up
the centre of the ice, until they arrive at the middle of the rink,
then they let go hands, the ladies turning to the extreme right cor-
ner of the rink, and the men to the opposite corner; then both turn
inward to the middle of the ice (forming thus the figure of a
heart), and join hands and skate straight down until they arrive
at the middle and have passed the last couple in the march, and
then break off again, letting go hands, and again forming the
heart as before, after which they follow the leading couple wher-
eyer they may lead, into other figures, generally into the one called
the labyrinth, a wide circle round and round, ever growing
smaller to the centre, then turning, reverse the circle outward
again, after which the leaders skate the figure" S ., down the rink,
and as a grand finale, skate back down the middle. Can you fol-
low this description? "No." \VeIl, then, you will have to take
many a lesson before you can follow the leaders through the
march, as it is, if possible, more intricate than my attempted de-
scription.
Imagine this march gone through with the skaters each bear-
ing a lighced torch, the rink being darkened, and then think of

7 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

h?w beautiful it must be to sit and watch it. I have rarely seen a
sIght so grand to look upon. Some of the ladies here skate more
gracefully than any I have ever seen, Lady lVIinto being without
dou
t the. best skater in Canada. Others skate marvellously well,
Ladles EIleen and Ruby Elliot being of the number.

CHAlVIPIONS IN SPORTS AND GAlVrES.

Few cities have so many who have excelled in sports and
games as Ottawa. So many indeed that were I to give a list,
the names alone would make a volume. I must needs select a
few of the older champions.

Hockey.
Dr. Halder S. Kirby, President of the Ottawa Hockey Club,
was an old-time player, and has done much to promote this great
winter game. J. P. Dickson, Vice-President of the Canadian
Athletic Union, ex-President of Ottawa Hockey Club, Vice-Presi-
dent of OUa wa Amateur Athletic Association, Secretary of the
43 rd Regiment, &c., has been prominent in hockey.

Lacrosse.
The first game of lacrosse was played in Ottawa by two
teams of Indians from Caughnawaga and Cornwall, on the occa-
sion of the celebration of the laying of the first Atlantic cable in
18 59. The boys picked up the game at once, and its popularity
has never waned. Some of those who were among the early
players have since become Ottawa's most substantial men. Among
the number are, and were (as many are now gone) such well
known citizens as Thomas Birkett, lVLP., Edward Cluff, :Michael
Cavanagh, J. G. Cullen, James Birkett, E. K. lVrcGillivray, James
Thompson, Geo. Varin, Thomas Russell, &c. And later Arthur
Seybold, A. G. Pittaway, D. B. Mulligan, &c. The last named
played here in 1890 and 1891. He and his brother, W. J. l\1ulli-
gan, left Ottawa shortly after to go to the States, the latter to
Louisville, Ky., while D. B., for the past few years, has been clerk
in the \Valdorf-Astoria in New York City. Their Yankee friends
will be pleasecl to know that they have taken the Russell, the
principal hotel in this city, and are fitting up in fine style.
Harry Ketchum, a lover and promoter of sports, was one of
the most famous of his day in lacrosse. He is to Canada what
A. G. Spaulding is to the United States. After graduating in
active sports, he and his brother Zeb set up in a little way the
handling of sporting goods, with all their stock in one window.
That was but a few years ago, but so successful have they been

Chamþions in Sports.

77

that they have added store after store and line after line-
from a ball to an automobile. So popular have their goods be-
come that the Ottawa boy don't think an implement of sport
worth playing with unless it has on it " Ketchum & Co." Adoíph
Rosenthal ,vas one of the '87 city championship team. Hugh
Carson, of the old Capitals, from 1890 to 1897, was one of the
best defences in Canada.
Alderman James Davidson is another famous ex-lacrosse
man. When he was president of the Capitals the club held the
championship of the world. I might have included" Jim" in the
" Literary Ottawa," as he " throws" a very humorous pen.
Here is another unique Ottawan. He was for six years
president of the Stars, out of which grew the Capitals-of which
he was president for five years. Like most champion athletes,
" Jim" has always been very popular. He has for seven years
represented \Vellington \Vard in the City council, during all or
which time he has been Chairman of the Board of Works, and
when lVlayor l\10rris neglected to watch the time, and let eleven
o'clock slip by unnoted, and thereby "lost his job," Davidson was
chosen to fill out the term.
There is one thing very noticeable in Ottawa, and that is, the
best athletes become the most successful business and professional
men-vide Ross, 1\IcGiverin, Ketchum, Carson, &c., each at the
very head of his profession or business. N or is Davidson an ex-
ception. Starting to work for 30 cents a day, he and his brothers
have earned and lost nearly a quarter of a million dollars by fire
(in IQ03), anù are just now starting the wheels of the largest and
best equipped door and moulding mill in Canada. Besides this
they have timber limits and mills up the Ottawa, all through their
own efforts, and all three comparatively young men. Great coun-
try Canada for its young business men! They run the serious
affairs of life with quite the same vim which won them champion-
ships in games in their earlier days.
lVir. James White, President of the Liberal Club, was once
famous in lacrosse, having been for years president of the
Capitals.
Curling.
The" roarin' game" dates back to the fifties, but Ottawa did
not begin to "soop 'er up" to any extent until 1860, when \Vm.
Hutchinson and his four sons came from Montreal to locate in
Ottawa. They were instrumental in reorganizing the game.
George, the youngest of the sons-now dead-was unique in all
Canada as " the wooden-legged curler." At the age of 7 he lost
his leg in the Gavazzi riots in 1853, but for all that he was one of
the best curlers in the country. He even played lacrosse as goal
keeper. The Hutchinsons have here and in Montreal ten curlers
in the first class.

78

Ottawa, The Hub.

The Ottawa team have taken more Branch and Governor G('n-
eral's cups than any other in the Dominion.
In looking over the list of curlers from 1860 to 1875, few re-
main. Among those who are left are such famous ones as John
l\Ianuel, the president of the Ottawas since 1895, \Y. 1\1. Hutchi-
son, Chas 1\Iagee, Neil Robertson, John Thorburn, D. l\lurpÌlY,
l\1.P.P., Sir Sandford Fleming, Jas. Skinner, C. Satchell, \V.
Young, ]. P. lVIacpherson, N. Morrison, C. S.. Scott, better known
as ., Charlie" Scott, who has been one of the best curlers in Can-
ada. Colonel 1\1cPherson, J. D. Wallis, J. D. Paterson, E.
Iiles,
C. Esplin, John Gilmour, J. H. Thompson, Dr. Bentley, Rev. D.
1\1. Gordon, ]. G. \Vhyte, Adam Dunlop, now of Winnipeg, H.
Robillard, the famous poet, \V. H. Fuller, now of New York City,
R. C. Douglas, Dr. Sweetland, Sheriff of Carleton County, G.
Stockand, Thomas Birkett, 1\1.P., Capt. A. H. Todd and James
:Mather.
The first rink was a brick yard shed, near where the Drill
HaIl now stands. That was in 1862. The next was at the corner
of Kent and Vittoria Streets, in a lumber shed of the late Allan
Gilmour. In 1867 the club built a rink on Slater, running through
to Albert, just east of the Opera House. After that they came
back to Vittoria Street, where their rink now stands.
Curling is the sport never, or seldom, played by the sports.
The Colonel says it's too slow, and yet if he had his choice he"d
rather have a curler's name attached to a cheque than a player of
any game he knows of.
In the winter of 1902 and 1903, a Scottish team toured Can-
ada and the United States. They had such a " good time"
hat
it took the Rev. John Kerr, the chaplain of the team, 787 pages to
tell about it, and if he can curl as well as he can write, the Scottish
team should be 11lllckle prude a' thare pracher.

The Go'vernor General's Club.
Lords Dufferin. Lansdowne, Lorne and Aberdeen took great
interest in curling. The open air rink at the" Cabin," near Rideau
HaIl, was laid out by Princess Louise.

The Old Curler's Story.
" I think it was in Lord Dufferin's time when there was held
in Ottawa. a great curling tournament. Teams were here from
all parts of Canada. The one from Halifax won the champion-
ship, and we gave the visitors a banquet. at which there was much
of good cheer. \Yhen it came time for the Halifax skip to speak,
he arose and began explaining the secret of his team's success.
" You ask us " said he " to give you the secret, well, gentlemen, as
we have beaten you, and may never again have occasion to meet

Champions in Sports.

79

you on the ice, I will tell you. \tVe have a mascot-yes, gentle-
men, a mascot-he it is who brings us good fortune. \Vhen we
were ready to start on this trip, we looked about for a spare man-
one who could bring luck to us-he is with us to-night." Here
he stopped, and we all looked to see where they had their mascot
hidden, for no spare (thin, boney, lean) man was to be seen.
" Yes," he continued, " we brought with us a spare man, he will
now address you." Then he sat down while we all looked to-
ward the door to see him enter. Did you ever see D. C. Fraser,
now; Judge Fraser? If you have, I need not tell you our surprise
at seeing, D. C. begin to rise in his seat. \tVhen he and his six feet
two, and broad according, was all up, the skip said, " Behold onr
spare man." \Vell. the Judge was never before or since, greeted
with a heartier round of applause and laughter, than when plaving
the part of the spare man that night at the Russell House."
Tennis.
Dr. E. B. Echlin, ex-president of the O.A.A.C., a champion
of Canada, is known wherever this world game is played. P. \"'1.
:Murphy, of the Bank of Ottawa, alsd excels in tennis, having been
champion of the Valley. Ottawa has many lady tennis players of
note, especially so 1\frs. Sidney Smith.

Golf.
Ottawa has golf grounds and a club house equal to any in
Canada, and possibly on the continent. Among those who excel
are A. Z. Palmer, secretary of the Rideau Club; J. Roberts Allan,
the Gormullys, father and son, Alexander Simpson, manager of
the Ontario Bank. A. B. Brodrick, of the 1\lolson's Bank, H. II.
Hansard, J. A. D. Holbrook, P. D. Ross, G. H. Perley, Lt.-Col.
Irwin, T. 11ackerell, N. C. Sparks, E. C. Grant, etc.
Racquets.
John Gilmour, of frequent mention, is the champion racquet
player of the Capital. He is also a famous fisher, and known by
every " \Valton" of note in America.

Hunting of Big Game.
Hon. John Costigan holds the unique record of " the greatest
moose hunter in the world." He has in that record over roo
moose.
Colonel S. :l\faynard Rogers comes along with his fourteen,
while our own late Consul General, Colonel Charles E. Turner,
will return to the States with a record of much big game.
Dr. J. F. Kidd has, in his pretty home on O'Connor Street,
some beautiful specimens of moose heads and deer antlers. The
doctor cares less for numbers than for beauty of specimen,

80

Ottawa, The Hub.

Canoeists.
In a city of canoeists who excel, it would be hard to sel
ct
the best. J. A. D. Holbrook has been one of the great enthusiasts,
and has done much in promoting this sport, as he has in other
things athletic.
l\Ir. R. H. Haycock was champion of Canada in single sculls,
outrigged shell, for three years, 1868, 1869 and 1870. D'Arcy
Scott was international champion for two years.
Ex-l\1ayor Samuel Bingham was once famous with the
paddle. A good story is told of a race in which he took part in
1867, It was on the Ottawa River, near Rackliffe. A four-
paddle crew were racing with four Caughnawaga Indians. The
Ottawans were a little ahead, when Bingham's paddle broke
hort
in two. Knowing that he was now of no use, and that he would
be only dead weight, he jumped into the water and swam ashore
-nearly half a mile away. The other three men won the race.

Football.
Ottawa is noted for its great number of football players who
excel. Noone ever did more for the game than Father Fallon,
formerly of the University, but now of Buffalo, N.Y. He made
the Ottawa College almost invincible. "Eddie" Gleason was one
of his many pupils.
Few have been so widely known, however, as Hal B. 1Ic-
Giverin, President of the Rough Riders, and yet, if possible, he
was more widely known (as captain of the Canadian team) in

Cricket.
Especially so in Philadelphia, and other of the cities in the States.
The names" Hal B. l\1cGiverin," and" Cricket" are very oft
n
associated by the old players of this" gentlemen's game." Like
many another famous athlete, " Hal B." is fast climbing to the top
in his chosen profession-that of the law (railway and parlia-
mentary law specialist.) There are few young men in Canada
with so promising a future. This last sentence is for the eyes of
the old cricket players in my own country.
Others who played this game with credit are V. Steele, W. C.
Little, A. D. Brodrick, and the late B. T. A. Bell. Original
cricketers: Geo. Cox, Edward Bufton, Wm. H. Aumond, Judge
Robert Lyon, Edward Sherwood (father of Colonel A. P. Sher-
wood), Campbell McNab, Godfrey Baker, the father of cricket
(once postmaster of By town), Wm. Cluff, now City Auditor, and
R. W. Cruice.
Skeeing and Snowshoeing.
C. Jackson Booth would possibly lead in those sports, the
former of which i
especially popular this winter. Captain W. T.

Sports and Games.

81

Lawless, now of South Africa, was the most fearless exponent of
skeeing in Canada, and did much to popularize it here. He was
also the most expert swimmer in Canada. J. A. D, Holbrook was
another of the original skeers, but for that matter he was one of
the " all arounds," as he was prominent in many of the old games
and sports. H ngh Carson, in snowshoeing as in other sports,
won many medals.
M. Kavanagh was once a famous snowshoe expert. In the
early days (in the sixties) he even led the Indians in this as in
other sports.

Clay Pigeon Shooting.
Fred Heney, the Reeve of Nepean, president of the St.
Hubert's Gun Club, might be named as the champion shot of the
Ottawa Valley. W. J. Johnstone is also a noted" pigeon" ::,hot
and true sportsman.
The St. Hubert's grounds are seen on the way up to Britannia
Park. They are near Mr. Heney's magnificent residence-one
of the finest specimens of old colonial in the country.
Dr. Horsey is another of Ottawa's good shots. The doctor
should also be included among the old time experts in skating.

T obo gganing.
Once a famous sport, but now confined to Rideau Hall. The
slide here, when lighted by its thousands of electric bulbs and
Chinese lanterns, is one of the prettiest sights I have seen.

Shinny.
This is one of the oldest sports, and from which grew hockey.
It is our" shinny on your own side" which we used to play
on the" crick" down there by the old bridge.
Again I run across ex-Mayor Bingham's name. No wonder
he loves children SQ much. I find he was one of the boys himself.
In shinny he was an expert, with a goodly following of many old
Ottawans, in which I find the names of the late Alexander Lums-
den, Jas. Mulroney, Terrence O'Neill ("Trickey Terry"), John
Bulger, James McLaughlin, Hugh Masson and many another,
now gone.

Medal of I8S2-A Find in Shinny,
Months after writing the foregoing, while looking up data
a la By town, I ran fight into a real" find" in shinny. It was a
silver medal given in 1852. Mr, Hugh Masson, the last one of
those who played in the match between New Edinburgh and Ot-
tawa, is the holder, U Who were the players?" was my first qu
s-
tion on seeing the relic of S2 years ago. "Of the Ottawa twelve
I remember but one name," said Mr. Masson, U as I was then a

82

Ottawa, The Hub.

stranger, having just arrived, That one was James Peacock, the
hatter. My friends being in New Edinburgh I played on their
team. We were dressed in our Scotch costume, the Ottawas were
'plain clothes' men. Of our team I remember seven of the
players: John Lumsden, father of Alex., D. 11. Grant, Allen
Cameron, Peter Fraser, W m. McDonald, my brother Donald and
myself. It was Christmas Day. The game was refereed by
Captain John McKinnon, son-in-law of the Hon. Thos. McKay.
We beat two to one, The medal was passed on to me; I am the
last; all the rest have gone on ahead. I wonder will we have any
shinny there?"
"Does it always require ice?" I asked, but he sat silently
looking at the medal.
Runners.
Ottawa has been famous for its foot runners. It once had
in " Johnnie" Raine the champion of all America, for a one mile
race. Then there was "Bobby" Raine, "Pete" Duffy, Don
Robertson, " Billie" Lepine, Clarence :Martin, F. C. Chittick and
James Nutting. while many an Ottawan will remember the fleet
" Deerfoot" and the flying" White Eagle," the two Indian run-
ners, whose swiftness was proverbial.
Hugh Carson, in the early nineties, won over thirty medals.
His best distance was one-quarter mile.
George Carson and Harry Carleton were of the good ones.

Bowling.
Among those who have excelled in bowling are J. B. Watson

secretary of the Consolidated Electric Company, Dr. J. D. Court-
ney, a leading physician, D. E. Johnson, of Beament & Johnson
and D. Turnbull. Most of these have been on the champion
team.
Among the (( All Arounds."
The Ross family may be put into a class by themselves, wIth
P. D. Ross at the top. It is said that his father's home in 1iorrt-
real at one time had much the appearance of a great jewelry
store, from the many medals and trophies won by the three
brothers.
P. D. Ross, editor and owner of the Ottawa Journal, was, in
his college days at Montreal, the best mile runner at McGill Uni-
versity, and captain of the University football team. In r883, he
rowed stroke in the Toronto Rowing Club four-oared crew, win-
ning the championship of the Canadian Association of Amateur
Oarsmen, and in r886 occupied a similar position in the Lachine
crew, the best of that year. Later, coming to Ottawa, he was
captain of the Ottawa Hockey team, the best of its day. He was
one of the founders and the first president of the Ottawa Amateur
Athletic Association.

John Flick, or the Difference.

83

It is a probably unique fact, that in one year three brothers
were the best men in their country in three different lines of
athletic sport. In r883, P. D. Ross was stroke of the champion
four-oared crew; \V. G. Ross (now managing director of the
Montreal Street Railway Co.) was champion at all distances of
the Canadian Wheel men's Association, and J, G. Ross (now head
of the largest accounting firm in l\lontreal) was the champion
snowshoe runner at all distances.
Among those of the old-time athletes, I find W. L. :Marler.
manager of the Merchants Bank of Canada. He excelled in
lacrosse, curling, skating, hunting and fishing. He was a member
of the Montreal Lacrosse Club, the first in that city.
R. T. Shillington, one of the leading druggists in the city,
holds the unique record of having been on the three winning teams
(in r899) of hockey, lacrosse and football. Ottawa that year
held the championships for these three games, something never
known before or since.
W. F. Powell, "the Beauty of Carleton," was an expert in
many lines, as was also Robert Sparks.
" Have you seen Tom Birkett?" asked a former Model School
boy, "Why, Tom was the' all roundest' in the whole school. I
remember once he took five firsts and two seconds, and all the
junior and open events, and when he got into High School, he took
everything they allowed him to compete for. One day he took
six. firsts and one second. Why, I saw Tom stand and high jump
4.II one day, and as for running, he could run the roo yards dash
in r00 seconds, and he only a boy.
"In the relay bicycle race between Windsor and Montreal,
he and three others, Adolphe Rosenthal, J. Hinton and George
Harvey were the four selected from Ottawa, and I tell you
hey
did us proud. Tom did the run from River Beaudet to Coteau,
over a rough road, in a three minute clip.
"Yes, I tell you Tom Birkett used to be one of the athlètes
of this town, and even yet takes an interest in sports and games.
He's a director of the O.A.A.C. Tom came well by his athletic
trend, as his father, in his early days, was famous in sports, es-
pecially lacrosse.
" And speaking of school boys," he continued, "the late \Vill
Kehoe, brother of Barrister Louis J. Kehoe. was possibly the best
all-round athlete in the Ottawa College. He excelled in every-
thing, all the way along through lacrosse, baseball, football, run-
ning, jumping-in short, in games and sports he was a marvel-
and at the same time was a good student."

John Flick, or the Difference.
How well I remember when John Flick used to be the envy
of all the rest of "us boys." John was the" champion" skater,

84

Ottawa, The Hub.

year after year. In winter none of the rest of us had any" show"
with the little girls when " Tim" was on the ice, but when the
spring thaws came and John's skates were laid away, John's pro-
minence was at an end, for that was all he could do. Here in
Ottawa the skater of winter is the lacrosse player or the canoeist
of summer, or the football man of autumn. Here an athlete ex-
cels in many things, some of them in nearly everything. Orme
Haycock, the best skater in the Ottawa Valley, and one of the
best in Canada, has won the O,A.A.C. medal for all-round athletic
sports.
Apropos of skating, we often had the pleasure, this past
winter, of seeing Mr. George A. Meagher, the world's champion
figure skater. He won the amateur skating championship of the
world in Ottawa, on l\farch 4th, r891. The medal was presented
by the Governor General, then Lord Stanley, Since that time
Mr. Meagher has made two lengthy tours of Europe, winning
many laurels, in Russia, Hungary, Austria and other countries.
His medals seem countless. These have been presented by prac-
tically every skating club of any prominence in the world, while
beautiful ones have been presented by H.R,H. Princess Louise,
the Earl of Derby, the Marquis of Dufferin, the Countess of Tur-
enne, and many other notables. His skating at Government
House is a great feature. The very acme of beauty in motion is
the skating of Lady Minto (one of the best lady skaters in the
world), with Mr. Meagher as a partner.

Skating Carnival.
One of the prettiest sights I have seen in Canada was an ice
carnival in the Aberdeen Rink. Some of the costumes worn were
very beautiful, and all of them were pleasing. Lord and Lady
Minto led in the figure skating, which for beauty and intricate
motion was beyond description.
There was one skater at this carnival who did considerable
falling, This was

Mephistopheles.
The wit from Toronto suggested as the reason that" Meph.
don't seem to be used to ice."
In concluding this running talk on sports and athletics, I feel
that I have but touched the subjects, and yet I may well ask to be
pardoned when you take into consideration that not one of the
games mentioned but might be subject for a volume.

Golf.
OTTAWA GOLF CLUB.

8S

" Colonel," said I, one day when we were talking about games
and sports, "what game can be played by the fewest people, and
yet is always played by the greatest number?"
"Rube, you've been drinking again I Why, man, how can
the ' fewest' in any instance be the ' greatest' number? Give it
up, what game is it?"
" Golf, Colonel, golf I"
"Golf? I see how it may be played by two, or even one, but
how the greatest number?"
" Easy enough, Colonel, easy enough. It may, as you say,
be played by two, or even one, but it is al'l()ays played by 'The
400 I'" It was fortunate for me that the Colonel was no golf
player, else his aim at this point might not have been a miss.
The Ottawa Golf Club is no exception. It does not contain
all of that mystic number, but it certainly is a very prominent part
of it, and among the part are some very expert players, both ladi
s
and gentlemen. To say this, however, of the Ottawans, where
sports and games are in question, is merely to state a truism, as
I have never seen a city where excellence in athletics was so
general.

History of Golf in Ottawa.
In IS91 1\ir. Hugh Renwick, of Lanark, Scotland, a golf en-
thusiast, came to the Capital. He was soon playing with an
n-
thusiasÌlc folìowing, among whom were the late 1fr. J. Lloyd
Pierce, Lt.-Co!. D. T. Irwin, Mr. A. Simpson, Dr. Tohn Thorborn,
1fr. S. H. Fleming, Mr. J. W. de C. O'Grady, and about So others.
The first site was a so-acre tract along the Rideau River,
south-easterly from the city. It was a nine-hole course. Many
interesting matches were played on these links. The one in JS95,
for the championship of Canada, being the most important, This
was won by T. 1\1. Harley, of Kingston.
In IS96 the growth of the city sent the club to their loS-acre
I2-hole grounds, on the Chelsea Road, north of Hull, and when
the great International Cement Company found them playing
above invaluable material, they were again compelled to move,
this time to their own beautiful grounds of 125 acres, on the
Aylmer Road, along the Ottawa River, about three miles west of
the city. These grounds are ideal. They seem to have been laid
out by nature for such a purpose. The hazzards are sand bt1nker
.
A little brook winds in around along the whole course. The view
from the magnificent club house, just now completed, is very
pleasing.
An IS-hole course has been laid out, forming a circuit of al-
most 3% miles.

86

Ottawa, The Hub.

The membership, limited to 250 ordinary and ISO lady asso-
ciate members, is now full, and a number of candidates on the
waiting list.
The officers are: President, George H. Perley; vice-presi-
dent, E. J. Chamberlain; captain, A. B. Brodrick; secretary-tr
a-
surer, J. A. Jackson; committee, J. A. D. Holbrook, J. Roberts-
Allan, Geo. F. Henderson, J. F. Orde and Lt.-Col. D. T. Irwin.
C.M.G., A.D.C.

SUMMER AMUSEMENTS.

What with "Venetian Nights," " Parisian Nights," Arabian
-no, I mean "Persian" Nights entertainments, at the various
Parks around the city, and with the band concerts given wee
ly,
the Ottawans who have to stay in town find much enjoyment.
They don't have a hilarious time, as it is remarkable how little
noise it takes to give real pleasure. It sometimes takes a good
while t
get through with these pleasures, however. The Colonel
and I have been out already to some distant Park, and not got
back until after 12 o'clock, and yet left large numbers there.
(This last sentence will be better appreciated by the" large num-
bers.")
Apropos of the "hilarious," I must commend the perfect
order of a Canadian crowd. I t is never boisterous, and consider-
ation for others is the rule. You see an occasional policeman, but
he is usually there to be around in case of accident, or because It
is his night off.
" Persian Night" at Rockliffe Park was an illustration of a
summer night's amusement in Ottawa.
The trolley company had that beautiful pleasure park lighted
up with so many thousands of Chinese lanterns that night seemed
to be turned into day. Look in any direction you might, and the
trees bore lights like fruit of all conceivable colors. The band
furnished a programme of music that would have done credit to
any of our best city bands. As I stood in that crowd of perhaps ten
thousand people, I might shut my eyes and easily imagine that
there were but few around me, so little the noise, and yet the
cheerful faces all about showed that pleasure was general. I
have come to know that even children can have "a whole lot 0'
fun" without annoyance to others by their boisterousness.
Just here will fit in a criticism. The Canadians say we
Yankees speak too loud. The criticism is a just one, but whil

we may speak too loud, they in turn do not speak loud enough,
and as a result it is usual that a question is answered bv another.
and that other is " I beg your pardon?" which means "I did not
understand your question, will you be so kind as to repeat it r'
Then, again, it seems to be a custom. One morning I enquired

Moving Pictures.

87

of a maid. for the residence of one in that vicinity. She stopped
sweeping, and began her answer: "He lives--oh, I beg your
pjlrdon ?" She had heard the question and began her answer.
then forgot that she had not first" begged pardon." I repeated
the question in a much lower tone, when she readilv pointed out
the residence. This is not unpleasant, as they do ask: " I beg your
pardon?" in so pleasant a voice and so courteous a manner, that
I never mind having to repeat.

" Moving Pictures,"
Is the order of the night, this (1904) summer. So many
thousands go nightly to Britannia that the road is taxed to its
limit, but so well are the crowds haudled, that none need remain
out until breakfast, as was the case on " Venetian Nights" last
summer.

MILITARY.

At the opening of the Rideau Canal, Ottawa--or then By-
town-became a military station. Two, and at times three com-
panies of regulars were stationed here, on Barracks Hill, now Par-
liament Hill. They had little to do but, "Drill, Drill, Drill, ye
Tarriers Drill!" On such occasions as " Stony Monday "-Sept.
17 th , 1849-they had to quell small riots.
- The Provincial :Militia made By town life worth living, wh(>n
the "Captains" and "Colonels" marched into town with their
"troops," for annual "muster."
In 1854, two companies of volunteers were organized, one
English speaking, under Captain George Patterson, a loyal mer-
chant. The other company was made up of French speaking
citizens, under Joseph B. Turgeon, with Dr. Beaubien assistant.
These were known as No. 1 and No.2 Rifles, but called by
he
expressive names of "The Sleepies" and "Dwyer's Divils." The
Drill Sergeant for both companies, was one Tim Dwyer, a retired
Sergeant of the Line. Tim had no trouble with the "Sleepies,"
but the other company played the very-well its own name, with
his patience, While Tim knew tactics, he didn't know French.
The French knew neither tactics nor Tim's English, but they
finally mastered one command, and as Tim soon lost all hope of
making them understand another, he used that one on all oc-
sasions. That one was, "stip round ye divils," and they
"stipped." f
.

The Ottawa Field Battery was organized September 27th,
18 55, with IVlajor John Bailey Turner in command. This battery
is still in existence-48 years without a break. Jas. Forsyth was
made drill master. His place was taken, years after, by Captain
Forest. Captain Workman and Lieut. Chas. Aumond were con-
nected with the Battery. The command has been under Captains
Forsyth, Stewart, Hurdman, (now Lieut.-Colonel on the Regi-
mental Staff) and E. C. Arnoldi, now in command as 1iajor.

Military.

89

At Deseronto Camp, in 1903, this Battery carried off the
highest honors in the Dominion for general efficiency. This was
not unusual as it has done the same so long, that it has become
chronic.
As a further bit of military history, the original members
of the "old guard" living, are the first Paymaster, Richard
Bishop, (later: died since these words were written) of Hinton-
burgh, his successor, a well known and active worker in many
literary lines, A. S. Woodburn,* whose fund of knowledge re-
miniscent, is little short of marvellous-(I cannot but speak of
him thus. When in search of data on any subject of the long
ago, I was always referred to " A. S. Woodburn, see him, he can
tell you," and he never failed to make good the confidence. He
retired with the rank of Major) and one other, Lieut. Campo
ll
Macnab, who is at present in the lower St. Lawrence. During
the season he puts in his time hunting the porpoise, with all the
vigor of youth.
Since 1855, a number of other organizations have come up
and again disappeared. No less than seven companies of " Garri-
son Artillery" were at one time in active practice in Ottawa. They
disappeared, and then, the 43rd Regiment took the place of the ')ld
Rifles and Garrison Artillery. In 1861, the late Judge Chris-
topher Armstrong and W. F. Powell, M.P., were instrumental
in working up an interest in things military in Carleton County.
One company especially, formed at Bell's Corners, was the nucleLls
of The Old 43rd RegÍ1nent
better known as the "Carlet'Jn
Blazers." But a simple mention of this regiment can be made.
It took a whole book for Captain Ernest J. Chambers, R.O., to tell
the history of it, and for me to say he has told it well and enter-
tainingly, goes without saying to those who know this charmnig
writer.
The Princess Louise Dragoon Guards.
This fine body of cavalry was organized l\lay 23rd, 1872,
and named for the popular daughter of the Queen, Princess
Louise. It consists of two squadrons.

The Governor Generar s Foot Gu.ards.
This, regiment was organized June 7th, 1872, two weeks aft.
r
the Princess Louise Dragoon companies. As its name indicates,
it is the guard of honor to the Governor General of Canada.
Following is the order in which the various Ottawa Regi-
ments of the militia, appear in "The QMarterly l\Iilitia List of ::he
Dominion of Canada," for July 1st, 1904.

· 1 wrote thill just before Mr. 'Voodburn'ô Iloath. 1 will lefl.ve it with kind mem-
oria. of the man and all he did for me.

9 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

Cavalry.
The Princess Louise Dragoon Guards.
(Organized 23rd May, 1872.)
Hon. Lieut-Colonel.-F. F. Gourdeau.
Lieut.-Colonel.-Robert Brown.
Majors.-C. A. Eliot, R. 11. Courtney, G. A. Ryan.
Captains.-A. H. H. Powell, H. B, Borbridge, E. E. Clarke,
J. A. Cameron.
Lieutenants.-H. P. Fleming, J. R. Munro, J. W. Bush, C.
J. Burritt, J. R. Routh, W. R, Greene, J. P. Boyle, A. Ryan, J. J.
Danby, L. S. Macoun, D. J. 1icDougal, P. C. McGillivray, R. O.
Croll, T. R. Brown, D. W. Moore, D. C. Merkley, G. A. Noonan,
J. D. Robertson.
Paymaster.-W. H. Cole,
Adjutant.- J. R. Routh (Iieut.)
Quartermaster,- J. St. D. Lemoine.
Artillery.
Ottawa Field Battery.
(Organized 27th Sept., 1855.)
Major.-E. C. Arnoldi.
Captains.-A, H. Bertschinger, E. W. B. Morrison, D.S.O.
Lieutenants.-C. H. 1Iaclaren, E. R. Tooley, H. H. Cameron.
Medical Officer.-E. B. Echlin.
Veterinary Officer.-Alex. W. Harris, D.V.S.

Engineers.
Ottawa Company-(Organized 1St July, 1902.)
Major.-c. P. Meredith,
Lieutenants.-A. p, Deroche, E. P. Fetherstonhaugh, O.
Higman, jr., R. S. Smart.
Medical Officer.-W. 1. Bradley.
Infantry.
The Governor General's Foot Guards.
(Organized 7th June, 1872.)
Honorary Colonel.-His Ex. The Rt. Hon. the Earl of Minto,
G.C.M:.G., P.C., Governor General.
Lieut.-Colonel.-Sydney C. D. Roper.
Majors.-E. E. F. Taylor, Henry A. Bate.
Captains.-Douglas R. Street, C. F. Winter, William T.
Lawless, Donald H. McLean, Agar S. A. 1\1. Adamson, F. A.
Magee, G. D. Graham, J. F. Cunningham, F. C. T. O'Hara, J. G.
Maclaren.

Military.

9 1

Lieutenants.-E. E. Prince, E. J. W. Mosgrove, J. F. Gil-
monr, J. F. Watson, F. D. Hogg-, G. McG. Maclaren, J. M. Bate,
,T. \V. Alexander, A. C. Ross, J. A. Mackenzie, G. G. Chrysler.
Paymaster.-R. Gill.
Adjutant.-C. F. Winter.
Quarter-Master,-T. G. Rothwell.
Medical Officers.-J. F. Kidd, G. S. MacCarthy.
Chaplain.-Rev. H. Kittson.

43rd Regiment, "The Duke of Cornwall's Own Rifles."
(Organized 5th August, 1881.)
Honorary Colone1.-General H. R. H. George, Prince of
Wales, Duke of Cornwall, K.G., etc.
Honorary Lieut.-Colone1.-W. White, C.l\1.G.
Lieut.-Colone1.-S. Maynard Rogers.
Major.-Richard A. Helmer.
Captains.-Stuart E. de la Ronde, J. H. Bollard, D. W.
Cameron, J. H. Dewar, A. de Mowbray Bell
R. G. Stewart, J. A.
Ewart, R. Blackburn, R. G. Cameron.
Lieutenants.-J. A. Armstrong, G. L. Blatch, A. J. Matthews,
R. J. Birdwhistle, H. A. Folkins, J. P. Dickson, G. A. Bell, A. A.
Pinard, C. 1\1. Edwards, E. R. McNeil, W. S. Wood, E. A. Olver,
G. P. Matthewman, T. F. Elmitt, S. J. Stevenson, A. L. Ogilvie,
R. S. Simpson, 0.. K. Gibson, E. C. Woolsey, J. E. Snowball.
Paymaster.-E. D. Sutherland.
Adjutant.-D. W. Cameron.
Quarter-Master.-J. E. Hutcheson.
Medical Officers.- J. D. Courtney, F. W. Birkett.
Chaplain.-Rev. J. M. Snowdon.

Army Medical Corps..
(Authorized 1st July, 1899.)
Officer Commanding.-A. T. Shillington.
Subaltern.- J. W. Shillington.
Unattached List.
Colonel.-L. F. Pinault.
Lieut.-Colonels.-Hon. E. G. Prior, L. W. Coutlee, F. G.
Stone, F. White, C.M.G.
Hon. Major.-A. Benoit.
Majors.-H. J. Woodside, E. H. T. Heward, W. J. Neill,
E. C. Cole.
Captains.-F. A. O'Farrel, H. F. Wyatt, H. G. Bate, W. R.
Ecc1estone, W. Price, J. R. MilIer, S. H. Capper.
Lieutenants.-G. B. Cameron, H. W. Frink, G. I. McAlister.

9 2

Ottawa
' The Hub.

The soldiery of Ottawa are a fine body of men. The popu-
larityof military matters has drawn into the various organizations
the very best element of the city. I was about to say: " The rough
element have nothing to do with military affairs," then I stopped
for a moment to think, why say that when Ottawa prides herself
on not having a " rough element," and after months of a sojourn
among this people, I am pleased to say she has all reason for the
pride. I have never seen a city so free from this class, and Ot-
tawa is to be congratulated.

Incidents and Humor of Things Military.
It was our pleasure to meet and know genial Colonel Wm.
White, Honorary Lieutenant Colonel of the 43rd. For twent)'-
seven years he was Secretary of the Canadian Post Office Depart-
ment, and for nine years Deputy Postmaster General of Canada.
I had heard that he had command of the first Guards in Ot-
tawa during the Fenian Raid in 1866, and knew he must have
some good stories apropos of those stirring times. My guess was
correct.
" We were stationed in the Skead building," began the Col-
onel. "It stood on Wellington Street, where now stands
the British American Bank Note Company's fine structure.
As we had no notion of the extent of the raid,
we were suspicious of every stranger, and at night
we were ordered to make all persons, we did not know, give an
account of themselves. Some were too indignant and others too
"full" to answer questions, so we "ran" them in.
"I shall never forget one man who did not get over his tn-
dignation all night, for next morning when one of the guards, an
awkward wag of a country boy, went to take him before Colonel
Wiley, the fellow would not move, so the guard prodded him
with his bayonet. When he was arraigned before the Colonel, he
began at once, "Colonel," said he, boiling with rage, "I pref
r
charges against this lout of a fellow." The Colonel, who en-
joyed a joke, could hardly keep up the dignity of the bench, but
turning asked the guard very seriously, even sternly, "Here, my
good fellow what have you to say to this man's charges? He says
you prodded him."
" J edge, ef yer don't mind, I guess he's right about it," said
the guard, scared like.
" Yes, and you admit that you really prodded the man? .,
" Yeas, J edge, I cain't lie, I cain't lie if yer put me up for .:.t.
I prodded 'im."
"Why did you prod him?"
" W uIl, J edge, yer see when I was a startin' to bring him
to yer I told 'im to travel."
"Then what did he do?"
"He jest wouldn't travel."

Jack and His Funeral.

93

" And then what did you do?"
II Wull, honest, Jedge, I prodded 'im."
" Well, and what did he do?"
"He travelled."

A Travelling Arsenal.
"N. W. Bethune, was then-37 years ago--as now, in charge
of the telegraph office, now the G.N.W., then the 1\lontreal Tele-
graph Co. He feared that Fenian spies might get possession of
the office, and use it to send dispatches, so he hunted around for
arms to protect himself. After hunting the town over, he Íound
two dilapidated horse pistols and a shot gun. The pistols
were too large to get into his pockets, so you might see Bethune
any day going back and forth to his house, looking more like a
travelling arsenal than anything r can think of, I am sure had he
been attacked, and he had fired any 'gun' of his battery, there
would have been far more danger of there being one Bethune less
than any fewer Fenians."
I told the Colonel the story of the reporter and his icicle, a:Id
the real reason of the sudden termination of that Fenian raid, and
he thanked me, for said he, " I never knew before why it came to

uch an abrupt stop, but I see now." (You will find the Re-
porter's Story under" Newspapers.")

The Old Cavalry Colonel's Story.
" Oh, yes; it must have been more than a quarter of a century
ago," said the old Colonel, when asked to tell the story of Jack
-, one of his troopers, a brave Irish lad, who lay dying of con-
sumption. "We had gone up to see him-a number of the boys
and myself-and as we sat talking, trying to chirk him up, the Dr.
(a member of the regiment), came in with a cheery, ' Brace up, old
man; we're going to have our annual mounted drill, and we wa:J.t
you to be out with us.'
'N 0, Doc. dear; Jack's nixt roide will be out over the hill to
the graveyard beyant the Rideau. But, till me, Doc, do ye think
the byes wull turn out at me funeral?'
, Certainly, Jack; if it comes to the worst, they will, but we
hope it will be a long time till that day.'
, Now, till me, Doc.; wull they hall me on the cannon, !oike I
was a warrior?'
, Yes, Jack; with the old flag wound 'round you, and your
helmet and sword placed on top.'
, An' Doc. dear; wull they have me ould harse W raggles lid
behoind, wuth me boots turned wrong furninst, an' toide wuth
crape, the same as they did at Charlie's funeral?'
, Yes, Jack; old W raggles will be there. He has been with
you too long not to be with you at the last.'
'Wull they have the band followin', and playin' the march,
the same as at Charlie's?'

94

Ottawa, The Hub.

, Yes, Jack; and the band will be there, for all the boys love
you very much.'
'Oh, won't that be foine! An', Doc. dear, till me ony this
wan more quistion. Whin the byes raich the yard, wu11 they foire
three volumes over me grave the same as at Charlie's?'
, Yes, Jack; they will fire three volwnes over your grave.'
, My, my, Doc., won't that be foine! Won't that be foine!'
"An', Doc., dear; ye'll foind me purse thare in the cubbard.
Take out suthin' for the pall-bearers, as it may be a cowld day."
" Jack, will I treat them going or coming? "
"Going, Doc., going-fer I'le not be wuth 'em whin tha
come back."
" And the poor fellow seemed really delighted with the pros-
pect. It was to us most pathetic, for we all loved Jack dearly.
He had been a faithful trooper-never missing a drill, and ever
ready to do his duty without question. He lay still for a long
while, then all at once tried to raise himself up in the bed, and
began again to talk-this time more to himself and to his old
horse than to us.
, W raggles, W raggles, me faithful harse, an' ye'll be wid me
to the last. Ha, ha, manny's the long day we have bin togither, ye
and I, W raggles. It was a colt I found ye. I knew thin that
ye'd some day be a grate harse-an', whist, Wraggles, do ye moind
the staple chasing we've had togither?' At this he seemed almost
transformed with delirium. 'Whist, Wraggles, come, bye, now
they're off! Hurray! Hurray! Ah, ha; ho, ho! Ye tuk that
wan will, Wraggles! Now, brace for the nixt. Whoop, we're
over! Whare's thare thurrobrids now! Ahn, ahn, me faithful
bye! Ho, ho, now for the wather jump. See, see, Wraggles, the
oies of the thousands ar ahn us! 11ake the jump 0' yer loife, an'
make that jump the ricord. Whoop, we're floing, \Vraggles.
Whoop, we're over-an' ye've made the ricord!'
" It was poor Jack's last effort. After that we could only
et
from him meagre words. We all knew the reason of his tem-
porary delirium. He was riding over again a steeplechase he had
once ridden, when both he and old Wraggles were young. He
spoke truly, they had indeed made a record, which to this day
stands unbroken. I forget exactly, but the' water jump' was
over 30 feet, some say 35.
"Poor Jack died within the week, and we carried out his
request to the very letter, for we all loved him." and the old Col-
onel wiped his glasses, for they were very dim.

Courtesies Exchanged.
When the first contingent was in South Africa, the boys were
stationed next to the famons Royal Gordon Highlanders, between
whom and the Canadians there began a friendship that death alone
will sever, The Gordons have, since the war, sent a beautiful

Winners of the Victoria Cross.

95

trophy to be shot for at the Rifle Range, and just now the boys are
getting ready two moose heads mounted on maple leaf shields, to
send over to the Gordons. Thanks to Major Rogers, I saw lhe
heads and the inscription on the shields: " Presented to the First
Battalion, Royal Gordon Highlanders, by the Second S.S. Batta-
lion, Royal Canadian Regiment, as a memento of their association
in the Nineteenth Brigade, South African Field Force, 1899-
19 00 ."

Historic Gun.
There is, in the Ottawa Drill Hall, a gun that is unique in
that it was the means of making three Victoria Cross men in 'Jne
engagement. On a brass plate on the gun carriage is the simpie
story, " For the saving of this Gun in the Rear-guard Action at
Lilliefontein, Transvaal, November 7th, 1900, the following
honors were granted:-

Victoria Cross.
Lieut. Cockburn, Royal Canadian Dragoons; Lieut. Turner,
Royal Canadian Dragoons; Sergeant Holland, Royal Canadian
Dragoons,"

Distinguíshed Services Order.
Lieut. l\lorrison, "D." Battery, Royal Canadian Artillery.
To a man up a tree, the wonder is that there were not fonr V.C.'s,
with the one left out at the head of the list. (This is not on that
plate on the gun carriage.) The following were the non-com-
missioned officers and men of No. 5 gun, Subdivision " D " Bat-
tery, R.C.A., in charge of the gun on that day:-
Sergeant Curzon, Gunners Ketcheman, Thorne, Lane,
Bramak, Gamble; Drivers Henry, Sullivan, Lafleur; Trooper
Haycock, R.C.D. (attached).
The men under Lieut. (now Captain) Morrison saved the
gun from being taken by the Boers, notwithstandinp" the fact that
they had done well to have escaped capture with no encumbrances,
as they were all but surrounded by overwhelming- numbers. In
the face of this they fought their way out, and brought with them
old No. S.
Captain E. W. B. Morrison is editor-in-chief of the Ottawa
Citizen. Lord Roberts, in speaking of this, said: "I have no
praise too high for the devoted gallantry they all showed in keep-
ing the enemy off the infantry and convoy."

Saw Service on Both Sides.
In the officers' mess of the 43rd, where the Colonel and I had
much hospitality shown us, we saw another" gnn " with a history.
This gun is a musket. It was captured by the Boers from the

9 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

Seaforth Highlanders at Magersfontein, and recaptured at Paar-
deberg, February 27th, 1900, by the Canadian troops, and ore-
sented to the 43rd Regiment officers by Major S. M. Rogers (now
Colonel Rogers). In this mess room are seen several things of
special and pleasing interest to Americans. The first is

Rief s Prayer, or Proclamation.
The original proclamation of war against the Dominion of
Canada, written personally by Louis Riel, in 1885, (precedinO" the
North-west Rebellion) on the back of a holy church picture, was
captured by "Gat." Howard at Batoche, and afterwards presented
by him to this regiment, who treasure it very highly among their
many interesting souvenirs.
In the mess they also have a large oil painting of Major A.
L. (" Gat.") Howard, which he ordered before his leaving for
South Africa, where he so nobly fell. This picture is one of three
which he had Col. A. P. Sherwood have painted for presentation
to the 90th Regiment of Winnipeg, the loth Royal Grenadiers of
Toronto, and this one for the 43rd, as a souvenir of his association
with these corps during the North-west Rebellion of 1885. lIe
also gave a valuable sterling silver Cup for an inter-company com-
petition in the 43rd.
Major A. L. Howard.
This name is of international fame. Beginning his career
with us, he ended it with his life in Canada's honor.
I t has been so long since he left New Haven that I will give
a few refreshing lines biographical. .
Arthur L. Howard, of New Haven, served in the First U. S.
Cavalry during our Civil War. Later he was with General Ord
in the Indian Wars in the far west, mostly in New Mexico. He
is said to have had command of the first machine gun battery in
the United States.
When the Riel Rebellion began in the North-west, in 1885,
the Canadian Government sent to Connecticut for some machine
(Gatling) guns. Word came back, "The guns will be of litt1e
use unless you have a man who understands handling them."
" Send us the best man you can find," replied Canada, and
Captain Howard was sent, having obtained permission from the
Governor of Connecticut to leave the State.
The work he did in that war is history. He became so
famous froro the way he handled the Gatling gun that he was at
once and ever after lovingly called" Gat." Howard.
At the close of the Rebellion, he saw an opening for a cart-
ridge factory, and the Dominion Cartridge Company at Browns-
burg P.Q., was the result. He later opened a factory at Capell-
ton,
ear Sherbrooke, P.Q., which is still managed by his son.

One Hundreth Regiment.

('....
':J/

When the South African, or Boer, war began, he came at
once to Ottawa, and not only offered his services to the Governor
General, but would have equipped a batterv of machine guns at
his own expense; but the Governor could not accept the latter,
however mnch he appreciated the noble offer. He did accept his
personal services, and "Gat." went with the first contingent of
artillery. He was given char1!e of the quick-firing guns attach
d
to the First Canadian l\lounted Rifles.
Brave even to recklessness, " Gat." Howard knew no fear in
the line of duty. This daring led him to his death, on February
17th, 1901, at Swaziland. Those with him at the time tell how
that when the Boers had slain most of his men, thev called out to
Howard, "Throw up your hands," and then shot hiÍn down, when
they might have made him a prisoner.
The boys say, " No braver or one more loved than he fell in
that war."
The work he did for Canada made his name an honored one.
He became a hero, and to-day holds a place in the affections of
this people, who often speaK lovingly of " Dear old Gat. Howard."
A large silk flag-the Stars and Stripes-hangs in this mess
room. It is the gift of the people of Burlington, Vermont, on the
occasion of a visit of the regiment to that hospitable city. :ßily
authority for the" hospitable" is not personal, as the pleasure i)f
a visit has not yet been mine. The authority is the boys them-
selves, who never tire of telling how" Burlington has entertain-
ment down to the very point of oerfection."

One Hundredth Regilnent.
In 1858, during Governor General Head's term in Canada,
much of interest transpired. The two most important events
being the changing of the Capital to Ottawa, and the organization
of the looth, or Prince of Wales, Royal Canadian Regiment. It
was recruited from Quebec and Ontario, with the object of taking
part in the Indian l\1utiny, or Sepoy Rebellion, but reaching En
-
land too late to take part in helping to quell the mutiny, it was
sent to Gibraltar.
Of the 16 commissioned officers but few are alive. Of these,
two are now living in Ottawa, Lieut. (Capt.) Brown-Wallis, ori-
ginally from Port Hope, and Lieut. Charles Henry Carriere, of
this City.
Of the others still living, there are Lieut. Ex.-Deputy Adj.
GenI. T, J. Duchesne, of Quebec, Ensign John G. Ridout, of Tor-
onto, Ensign H. E. Davidson, of Hamilton. Those now in Eng-
land are, Capt. Henry Cook (now lvlajor-General), Capt. Henry
G. Brown (now Colonel), Capt. T. W. W. Smyth (now Colonel),
and Capt. R. B. Ingram (now Major). The regiment is now the

9 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

Prince of Wales Leinster, (Royal Canadians). The Recruiting
Depot is Birr, Ireland.
Mrs, Thomas Ahearn has written, for the Historical Society,
a very able and comprehensive paper on this famous regiment.
The original colors may be seen in the Parliament Library.
There is little but the staff left, but that" little" speaks volumes
for the gallant men who followed it.

Can't Kill Him,
Ottawa has a well-known military man, who has died or been
killed more times than any living man on the continent. One of
his greatest pleasures now is to read the beautiful and touching
obituary notices that he has received from time to time. If he
grow despondent and out of conceit with himself and the world,
all he needs to do is to turn to these notices, and read how much
he is mourned every time he dies, or is killed. Here is a bit of
" machine work" that I give, even at risk of another obituary-
not his:-

He was drowned in the wreck of the Asia,
He was scalped by Poor Lo at Cut Knife-
Was missed when they caIIed
when found he was bald,
And bald he will be all his life.

The fates were against him again,
In the war with the Boers in S. A.,
He was slain and left dead on the field,
Though not near the battle that day.

My story might here have an end,
Were it not that he died once again,
This time 'twas the fever that carried away
My hero at Magersfontein.
The 11ajor, now Colonel, has died many times,
Yet after each death gained renown-
Though dead in a wreck-in battle twice slain,
He is stilI the livest in the town.

OTTAWA MUSICAL.

Ottawa is a musical city. This does not alone mean that it
loves music-all cities do that-but Ottawa loves music of a high
order, which must indicate that it is musically cultured. The
stranger has little opportunity of knowing the accomplishments
of the individuals, and must gain a knowledge of a city's worth,
in any line, by what he may causally observe. We praise that
which we understand and appreciate. The audience cheers that
which pleases it, and if that audience be a representative one, we
need but listen to the class of music (if at a concer t \ it cheers, to
know its degree of musical culture, and not only what it cheers,
but how it responds when really good music is rendered well.
I am writing under the inspiration of the concerts given by

The Coldstream Guards' Band,
on Sept. 25th, 1903. The selections were of a high order, the exe-
cution rarely equalled, and the enthusiasm of an Ottawa audi-
ence was a revelation. We had been told of Ottawa's musical
culture--that afternoon and evening, we knew it for ouselves.
Every good selection was so enthusiastically encored, that we
could scarce believe that we were in a Canadian audience. We
were carried back home where demonstration is the rule. How I
did wish for that man who said Canada was not patriotic. Why.
bless you, when the band struck up patriotic airs, it had to respond
at times to four and five encores, and, this, too, before an audience
composed of the best people of Canada, and joined in by all, from
the Premier to the page.
This band made a tour of Eastern Canada. The banqu
ts
and public ovations given it everywhere it went, should have made
the boys carry back a most pleasant memory of this country.
They were so pleased with their Ottawa reception, that they re-
turned three weeks later for a second visit. The largest rink in
the city was engaged, and yet hundreds were turned away; as not
even standing room was to be had.

100

Ottawa, The Hub.

Mr. J. :Mackenzie Rogan is an ideal bandmaster. He never
detracts from the music by unnecessary gesture; his slightest
wave of the baton being caught by the men quite as readily as
though he made of himself an armed "windmill."
In speaking of his tour through Canada he said: " We have
been received everywhere with great hospitality. vVe have played
to one half a million of people, and I have been surprised to fil1d
the Canadians cultivated up to a hearty appreciation of \Vagner,
Tschaikowsky, Grieg, and the symphonies of the older masters."
Ottawa has a fine Choral Society, under the directorship of
Mr. J. E. Birch. It was organized in 1897, and recently reor-
ganized. It has one hundred and fifty selected singers, and this
winter will give Dvorak's "The Spectre's Bride," and Elgar's
" The Banner of St. George,"
That Ottawa is musical may be indicated by its having almost
one hundred music teachers.

Organists.
There are in the various churches most proficient organists,
a few of whom we have heard, and can speak their excellence.
Messrs. J. E. Birch, J. A. Winter (late of St. James' Methodist,
Montreal), whose bi-monthly recitals in All Saint's Church are
musical features; C. E. B. Price, F. 1\1. S. Jenkins, Mrs. F. M. S.
Jenkins, Arthur Dorey, 1\11r. and Mrs. Tasse, A. Cramer, Jas. A.
Smith, 1\1iss Alice Belanger, Mr. M. E. Dionne, Mr. A. Tremb-
lay, a talented composer as well.

Pianoists.
1\1r. H. Puddicombe, Mrs. F. M. S. Jenkins (sister of the
late Poet Lampman). Mrs, Arthur McConnell, Mr. Ernest
Whyte (Composer), Dr. T. Gibson and 1\1rs. G. Lampman
(mother of the poet).

Mandolinists.
William Herbert and George Alfred Peate, probably the bec;t
mandolin players in America, are now Ottawans.

Violinists.
Mr. and Mrs. Donald Heins, Miss Honor Clayton and Mr.
A. Tasse, :Musical Director of Russell Theatre.

Vocalists.
Ottawa has so many singers that a list would be mistaken
for a musical directory. In the church choirs there are some very
pleasing voices. A few of the Sopranos are :-Miss G. Mainguy,

"

'"I

ï

o tta'wa AI usical.

101

Miss Sanford, :!VIrs. J. Angus McKenzie, 1\1iss \Vilson (this name
being that of so many musically talented, that each may prefix
her own initials), l\Iiss Edith Stephens and 1\Irs. Robt. Hupp.
Contraltos.-Miss Lillian Ostrom, 1\Irs. Godwin, 1\Irs. D.
K. :l\1cIntosh, Mrs. R. S. 1\IacPherson, :Mrs. \V. Surtees and "1Irs.
W. Noofke.
Tenors.-Mr, W. H. Thicke, lvlr. G. de V. O'Hara, Mr. E.
L. Horwood, 1\1r. A. E. Ecc1estone, Mr. J. lVIacCormac Clarke,
Mr. Robt. Hupp.
Bass and Baritone.-1\Ir. Cecil Bethune (possibly the be:;t
baritone in the city), 1\1r. H. E. A. Hawken, 1\Ir. Gordon Sh
p-
hard, 1\1r. T. Cuthbertson, 1\1r. S. E. de la Ronde, 1\1r. Ch3.s.
Boehmer.
As in most of the Canadian cities the Catholic churches of
Ottawa give great attention to music. Following is a list of solo-
ists of the more prominent choirs of this church.
Sopranos.-Mrs. A. Arcand, :!VIrs. N. 1\1. l\1athe, 1\1rs. Car-
dinal, Mrs. Joseph :!VIahon, :Mrs. Chevrier, 1\Iiss Belanger, :Miss
Alice Belanger, l\Iiss Agnes Duhamel, 1\fiss Doyon, 1\1iss Barthe,
Mrs. L. Laframboise, Mrs. J. Roberge, 1\Irs. Lemaire, l\Irs. Alex.
Spenard, 1\Irs. R. Carter, :Misses E. Chouinard, F. Lavoie, A.
Provost.
Contraltos.-1\Iisses A. 1\Iartin, A. Lefebre, A. Bigns, .A.
Trudel, L. Leblanc, L. Carter, R. Poulin, Langlois, Leprohon,
N. Richardson, C. Cadieux, Nannie Girouard (daughter of Judge
Girouard), Mrs. J. A. Faulkner.
To the list, among Contraltos, I must needs add the names of
Mdlle. de Jaffa, of Government House, and 1\Irs. A. 1\1.
Davis, of Rideau Convent. And just here the Co!.
onel says: "Don't forget, among Sopranos, that sweet voice of
little Miss Babin, we heard at the Convent."
Tenors.-Prof. Casey, Messrs. L. P. Desviens, A. Lafon-
taine, N. 1\1. Mathe, A. Leclerc, A. McNickoll, F. X. Talbot, G,
Emond, E. Cardinal, A. Dubois, - Gauthier, T. Dubois, Nap.
Taylor, Joseph Diguer, 1. Champagne, J. 1\1orin, J. B. Rioux,
A. Belanger, R. Carter, J. Blois.
Bass.-1\Iessrs. Eugene Belleau, A. Drouin, E. A. Bourcier,
Rev. Father P. Granger (leader), Wm. Carter, J. Langlois, F.
Roberge, R. Devlin, P. Pelletier, J. E. :Marion, 1. Proulx (son
of the member for Prescott), J. Proulx, 1\1. Dugnay, Edm. Cus-
son, F. X. Saucier,
L Dupoint, D. Dion, G. Vincent, D. P. Der-
mette, T. Anmond, J. Conway.

A Great Afusical Leader.
The man who has done more to develop the latent musical
talent of Canada than anv other is a resident of Ottawa. lIe is
Charles A. E. Harriss, o
f H Earnscliffe," (the late Sir John \.
Macdonald's magnificent old home.)

102

Ottawa, The Hub. -

1\1r. Harriss undertook the herculean task of bringing [a-
gether, not alone the singers of anyone city, but at enormous ex-
pense of money and energy, organized choruses in nearly every
city in Canada, and in two years had 4,000 trained voices singing
in the various places. He brought Sir Alex. Mackenzie to con-
duct the concerts of a line of cities clear across the continent. His
work will be continued. Ottawa should be proud to be thus the
centre of so great a musical field. As indicating the interest mani-
festcd in 1\lr. Harriss' work, at \Vinnipeg, at one of his afternoon
symphony concerts, parents brought their children, to the number
of 1,000, to listen to classical music, starting them thus early to
love music of high order. This speaks a volume for Winnipeg.
Mr. Harriss has just begun his great work. He should have the
hearty co-operation of all musical Canada. In the Syllabus of the
Royal Academy of 1\Iusic, and the Royal College of 1\Iusic, of
London, England, of which His Majesty the King is Patron, and
the Prince of \Vales is the President, we find that 1\1r. Harriss is
the Hon. Director of examinations in Canada, which fact tells
more than anything I might say of his ability as a musical director.

lr. Harriss is also a composer of ability.

Guy ill aing1tY,
whose music name is Sopra, is no prophet, if we may judge from
the honor paid him in Ottawa, his boyhood home. But, then, that
voice of his would command " honor" among- the most critical in
any country. It is a pure soprano, with high register, and so de-
lightfully pleasing (it requires both words to express it) that we
sat spellbound in the Russell Theatre, through a programme of no
less than twenty-four songs, mostly classical.
He is the son of Le F. A. 1\1ainguy, chief draughtsman of the
Po
t Office Department. He has been under the management of
the great R:tphael Roche, in London, under whom are such artists
as Ludwig \Vullner, l\Iadame Jean Rannay, Senor Rubio, cellOlst
to the late Queen of Spain, and Senor Guetary, formerly of the
Royal Italian Opera. His stage manner, or rather its lack, is most
pleasing. "How like Colonel "Tm. De H. V/ashinoton, when he
was a boy of twenty," said my Colonel, who is always pointing out
similarities when he sees anyone especially pleasing- in manner.
I might fill pages about this wonderful Ottawan, and yet 110
one could know, from anv words, the marvel of his voice. One
must hear him, then one will feel its charm.
There is another boy soprano with a fine voice-Grant Powell,
son of Dr. R. W. Powell. He is but fourteen, and yet has a voice
of natural sweetness and rare culture.
* * * * * *
Before manuscript had grown to book, I had found enoue-h
of "Music," to have filled a volume all to itself. This was writ-
ten in 1903.

First By town Brass Band.

10 3

Many changes might be made in it, no, not changes, but addi-
tions. In the Catholic churches the voices of the ladies are no
longer heard in the choirs, to the weakening of the choirs. There
were many musical events during the winter, which quíte convinc-
ed me that I had not been too emphatic. \\That was most surpris-
ing was to hear children from six or seven to fourteen years ren-
dering classical music, and so well that it was pleasing to listen to.
Apropos of music in Ottawa, here is something that may sur-
prise those who think of Ottawa as a "by town." I have never
seen, either in Boston or N ew York-our centres of music-a
more beautiful or so well appointed music store as one on Sparks
Street. It is that of J. L. Orme and Son. It is double width and
four stories high, the third story being used as a hall in which are
held select musical recitals. On each Saturday afternoon during
the winter a pianola recital is held, at which are seen many of the
music lovers of the city.
The real beauty of this great music house is seen in the second
floor, a short description of which will convey some notion of the
taste shown by the Ormes. It has four exquisite art rooms, each
brilliantly ornamented and decorated with furniture of, the Empire
style; in old gold of mauresque type; also a la :t\Iarie Antoinette.
This store is one of Ottawa's points of interest, especially so
for tourists of a musical turn.
In searching for names of old By town times, I found that
in 1844 Paul Favreau-stilI living-organized a brass band. The
o!d clipping which contains the names, has no date, but that mat-
ters not, 'tis Favreau's brass band we're after, and here it is:
Bill Burney was leader (this is wrong, it was Wm. BiIIbournie,
as I find in another record that he was once a bandmaster in the
B:-itish army; then again I have found those who know him wel1.
One says, "people who did not know, thought his last name was
two, 'Bill Burney.' I knew BiIIbournie to be a band man.")
The other members, were J. B. Turgeon. Paul Favreau, Ned
Dehorsy, Ned McCarthv, James Johnson, Agapit Lesperance,
Joseph Lesperance and Louis Tasse.

ARTISTIC OTTAWA.

Ottawa, like 1\10ntreal, has few public Art Galleries, but
many private collections. I have spoken elsewhere of the National
Art Gallery at Queen and O'Connor Streets.
Among the private collections the following have possibly
the most choice in the City: Government House-Rideau Hall-
Sir Sandford Fleming, Hon. A. G. Blair, John Manuel, C. A. E.
Harriss, James Woods, Rev. Geo. F. Salton, Berkeley Powell,
M.P.P" Alex. Lumsden, G. H. Perley, W. Y. Soper, J. J. Gor-
mully, W. H. Davis, H. A. Bate, J. P. Featherston, John
Christie, and David l\Iaclaren.
At the Exposition held in September, in Lansdowne Park,
there was a fine loan collection of paintings. Among the numbe:-
were two from the brush of Ireland, President of the Royal
Society of London, loaned by Peter Whelen.

Artists.
Ottawa has few professional oil painters, but of the number
is Franklin Brownell, of world wide reputation. We saw, while
in Ottawa, an exhibition of his work in the Wilson Gallery Gn
Sparks Street; its beauty is its freedom from "pose." Every
picture is just as one would see it in life. Aside from this grea.t
artist are the Misses Stratton, Miss Patti Jack, Miss Lockwood
and Miss Currie, of the Ottawa Ladies' College. Ottawa has an-
other artist, one whose work just now is attracting much attention
in the United States, where it is being hung side and side with
the best. I refer to H. H. Vickers.

The Woman's Art Association
hold annually an exhibition of paintings in oil and water color.
in the Art rooms of J\1r. James "Tilson. 123 Sparks Street. This
Association extends over the whole of Canada, with branches in
the chief cities. At their exhibition this year were specimens of
the work of many of Canada's foremost women artists; of the

Artistic Ottawa.

10 5

number were :i\Irs. Dignam, of Toronto, the President of the
Association, 1\lrs. Walter H. Clemes, of Toronto. Others from
Toronto: lVlrs. Uniache Bayley, Miss Alberta Bowers, :l\fiss 11.
E. Good, :l\Iiss Edna Hutchison, Miss Agnes J ohllson, l\Iiss
Minnie Kallineyer, Miss Estelle Kerr, :Miss Fanny L. Lindsay,
1\1:iss Elsie Loudon, :ì\fiss :M. Logan, l\Iiss Hattie McCurdy, :Miss
Carrie Sinclair,
liss Florence E. Sigsworth, 1\1iss :M. Scroggie.
Ottawa: 1\Iiss Cartwright, the talented daughter of Sir
Richard Cartwright, Miss l\Iay Stratton, lV1iss Lily Stratton,
1\Iiss Patti Jack, l\Iiss Parris, lVliss Lockwood, Miss L. 1\Ioir.
Hamilton: :Miss Rose A. Baine, l\liss Clara E. Galbraith,
Miss Mary Hore, lVIiss Emma Knott
Kingston: Miss McDonald.
Belleville: 1\1iss Emma Clarke.
S1. John, N.B.: Miss E. A. Woodburn, l\1iss E. S. Tilley,
Miss C. O. l\lcGiverin, l\Irs. Silas Alward, :Miss H. 1\1. Holly,
Mrs. Alward.
One, in looking oyer this list, will naturally wond('r
why the largest city in Canada is not represented, and
again will naturally remark that Toronto leads with sixte
n
artists, with S1. John and Hamilton well represented. A number
of our own ladies had some fine work at the Exhibition here.
1\lrs. Scott and Miss 1\IcConnell, of N ew York, and Miss Ida
1\iitchell, of California, had beautiful rose pictures. Lady
Wuytiers, of Holland, and Mrs. Holmsted, of England, also had
pictures.
This Association is doing a great work, not only in advanc-
ing the Arts of Canada, but are reviving and fostering Indi3.n
work, and the work of the various strange peoples who are com-
ing to the country. There was a large display of Doukhobor and
other handicraft.
The women of Canada are most progressive in every line íor
the higher advancement of the people.

Charles Eugene Moss.
Speaking of Art and Artists, it will be of interest to many
an Orange (N.J.), citizen to have me speak of ::\1r. Charles
Eugene 1\t[oss, who was once a resident of that beautiful suburb.
He came to Ottawa, in 1891, as master of the Art School, married
an Ottawa lady, Miss Annie Hunton, returned to Orange in 189
,
where he remained three years, returning to Ottawa in 1807. He
died in 1899. He was a portrait and landscape l artist, excelling in
landscape. He worked both in oil and water colors, some of his
work in the latter, I have rarely seen equalled.
1\lr. 1\loss was reared on a Nebraska farm, but worked more
on the barn doors than in the fields. A wealthy uncle, seeing his

106

Ottawa, The Hub.

work on those doors, said" Charlie's place is not on a farm; he
shall go to Paris," and "Charlie" went to Paris, and became a
pupil of the great Bougereau, in genre pictures, and of Bonn1.t,
in portraiture. Some of his work was accepted and hung in the
American Society of vVater Colors. I often see his home here,
now occupied by another talented young American. It is just
as he left it; pictures hang all about the walls in different stages of
completion, as though he had but just gone out for a little stroll,
gone out for a sketch for further work, but he will not come again,
his work is done. I predict that it will grow in value as the years
go by, for it is work that appeals to the lover of the beautiful in
nature. It appeals to the heart.
1fr. Moss and Mr. Brownell (both Americans, the latter born
at New Bedford, Mass.) were much together in life, both in
Paris, under the same great masters. When Mr. Moss returned
to the States, 1fr. Brownell came to Ottawa, to take his place as
head master of the old Art School. .
l\lr. Brownell has exhibited his pictures in many of the large
American cities, where his work is greatly admired. "At the
Spring" is on exhibition at the St. Louis Fair. It is a most com-
mendable work.
Apropos of this Fair, Canada has there a large collection of
the work of Canadian artists. The Agricultural Department,
under l\finister Fisher, has: "The Development of Canada in
Picture." I bespeak for the Canadian Building my American
readers, attention: See it and you will find that my pen work is
not overdrawn.

Growth of Art in Ottawa.
Until within the last score of years but little attention has
been paid to Art in Canada. The artist had been given scant en-
couragement by the men of means, and for the reason that these
men were too intent on "hewing" out their fortunes, to think of
luxuries. A new generation is growing up, men who see a some-
thing behind the dollar, and that something is bringing out the
artistic side of this grand country.
There is in Ottawa a good representation of this new gen-
eration, a man who, while his wealth grew, never allowed the
dollar to hide the something behind it. And in

James W. Woods,
the true artist has a most liberal patron. I said, "true artist,"
and with reason. I have never seen a private gallery so free from
inferior pictures as that of Mr. Woods.
Among the Canadian artists, who have contributed to his
choice collection, I noted the names of Vickers, Brownell, Moss,
Spurr, Miss Patti Jack, McConnell, Bell Smith, Kreigoff, Vemcr,

A Rubens Picture.

10 7

Atkinson, Forester and Knowles. Of the Dutch school of paint-
ers, he has pictures of Pieters, Israel, vVeissenbruch, DeBock,
Deweeile, Steelink, N aakin, Kuyprus and Artz. Among the
English artists are the names of Hughes, Tom Field, Bishop,
Kinnaird and Stewart L. Forbes. Of the French. painters, he has
works of Delarey, Co rot, Beaudin and Coté, And last and
greatest of aU, he has
A Rubens.
It is that of "Aenias Saving His Father," I have never before
seen a more beautiful Rubens. Like the l\furillo, in the Arch-
bishop's Palace, mentioned elsewhere, the coloring is marvelously
clear.
I have stolen space, to give an example of an Ottawa Art
Gallery-that my far away reader may know the artistic taste of
this beautiful city of the North.
H. A. Bate.
One of the true patrons of Canadian art is, Mr. H. A, Bate,
or as he is familiarly known, H Harry Bate." . In his beautif'11
home on Wilbrod Street, may be seen some of the best work of
such well known Canadian artists as, Brownell, Vickers, Bell
Smith, Jacobi. Paul Peal, Brymner, l\Iiss Spurr, Sherwood, Law-
son, Henry Smith, Coté, ChaJoner and Verner.
Besides' his large collection of paintings, l\Ir. Bate has gather-
ed from all parts of the world rare specimens of coins, medals,
Indian curios, arms, etc. One medal is especially rare, that struck
for the taking of Detroit in 1812. He has one of each of the
English muskets, from the old flint lock to the present magazine
gun. l\fr. Bate has long taken great interest in things military,
being at present a l\Iajor in the famous Governor General's Foot
Guards Regiment,
Possibly the rarest collection in Ottawa of curios from India,
is that of Colonel Graves, on Besserer Street. The Colonel had
long been stationed in India, and while there gathered specimens
of the works of that wonderful people. "No two localities,"
said the Colonel, "make the same kind of work. Often a sing-Ie
curio will be made by one man, and when he dies, the art dies with
him. That is why the Indian curio will ever remain rare."
In the Parliament Building, there are numerous galleries well
worth visiting for those who like portrait art. Here are to be
seen the Governor Generals from Monk to the present; Speakers
of the Senate and House; also excellent portraits of three of the
Premiers, Sir John Thompson, Sir John A. Macdonald, and the
Hon. Alexander McKenzie.

An Art Critic.
Doubtless the best art critic in Ottawa, and one of the best
in Canada, is the Rev. Dr. Geo. F. Salton, of the Dominion Metho-

108

Ottawa, The Hub.

dist. His lectures are rare treats to the lover of the beautiful in
picture, while his sermons on Art are crowding his large church
almost to the very aisles. In his extensive tours throughout Eng-
land and the Continent, he has collected many fine works. He
has also the work of Canadian artists, as well as some of our own
best painters' pictures.
"The Chestnut Grove," by Homer Watson, whom Dr. Salton
kindly terms, "The Landscape Artist of Canada," was reproduced
in the London Art Journal. King Edward has one of vVatson's
paintings. The Doctor has several of W. St. Thomas Smith's
l\farines. This artist is considered the marine painter of Canada.
He has a very fine reproduction of one of Rosa Bonheur's
"Cattles," done by Dominte, a well known Parisian painter.
In his collection of water colors he has some exceedingly fine
specimens. Lady Wuytier's "Poppies" is considered to be one
of the best ever sent to this country by this talented lady. The
coloring is marvelous for its richness. "The Rendezvous," by
A. T. Van Laer, a New York artist, was said to be the best water
color in the recent Pennsylvania Art Exhibition, and was n:-
produced as such by the New York Tribune. It is pleasing to find
the picture in Ottawa, and to hear the learned Doctor sneak in
such kindly terms of praise of this rising young American artist.
Ottawa, however, is not the exception, there are those here
who see only the practical. Art or picture to them means nothing.
I had occasion to ask of one the loan of an old photograph, in
which he himself figured prominently, I wished to reproduce it
as of general interest. " Yes, I have it," said he, not kindly,
., but what is 'in it' for me? "
"Nothing, not even yourself, as now I do not wish it!"
And you will have to be content without the group, with him as
the central figure. He was the rare exception, as nearly every-
body else has been so delightfully kind that I shall ever think of
Ottawa and art, together.

Thirty Cent Chromo.
Speaking of artistic taste, and knowledge of art, I am re-
minded of its lack. A lady, once pointing to a picture in her
beautiful parlor, said: "Do you see that painting, well I once
attended an auction sale of household goods, and just before the
things were put up the auctioneer, seeing me looking at .-:his
painting, remarked, in an undertone: 'That's a little gem. Now,
there are few here who know its value, and if you are wise yùa
will get it.' I bid, and it was mine at less than ten dollars," l.nd
she smiled her pleasure. I did not tell her how true the auc-
tioneer spoke when he said: "There are few here who know its
value." It was a 15 cent chroma in a 30 cent frame. This was
not in Otta \Va.

A Noted Artist.

109

The Chiaro-Scura Club.
Some of the young artists of the city have formed an .Art
Club--the Chiaro-Scura-and are doing very commendable
work. It has a membership of twenty-four. Its President is
lVlr. L. F. Taylor, of the Public \Vorks Department, and .Mr.
Frank Hazell, of the Citi:;en, is Secretary-Treasurer.
It was Reginald Gaisford, a member of this club, who de-
signed the cover of The Strathcona Edition of this book, The
Hub and the Spokes. He is a talented young Englishman, with
the Georgian Bay Canal Company.

Henr)' Harold Vickers-Artist.
Ottawa will some day wake up to the fact, that she has with-
in her borders, an artist, whose fame will yet add honors to his
adop ted city.
In visiting the various Art Galleries, private and public, I
occasionally saw pictures marked "Vickers." I asked of the
many "who is Vickers?" The" many" replied, .. we do i.10t
know!" I asked of the few, and their enthusiasm would have
compensated the artist for the disregard of the many, could he
have heard their kindly praise.
Henry H. Vickers is an Englishman, born at Dudley, in
W orchestershire. He studied in the Birmingham and :l\lidland
Institute, under Henshaw. His works were exhibited in the
Royal Worchester School, and received merited commendation.
He inherits his artistic talent from both his father's and his
mother's families, his grandfather being the well known land-
scape painter, Alfred Vickers, and his uncle, Alfred Henry
Vickers, of almost equal note.
He came to Canada more than a score of years ago, but not
until :Mr. George B. Hamilton, of Washington City, and Mr.
Eugene D. Howell, of Detroit, Michigan, saw his work, was he
known outside of a small circle, But, through these two gentlemen,
his paintings have found a place alongside of those of some of
the greatest artists in America, nor does his work lose by the
contrast, as there is a beauty about it which marks it as the work
of a master.
His pictures are growing in demand since the wise collectors
are quietly adding" Vickers" to their list.
His fame as an artist has grown more from his small paint-
ings than from his larger work. There is a delicacy of finish,
which gives to these gems a rare beauty, and is wholly pleasing,
There is ever to me, a delight in predicting good, for those
whose ability warrants the good. It is, therefore, a pleasure to
predict that the time will come, when the work of this artist will
command prices which would now be looked upon as beyond
reason.

110

Ottcrwa, The Hub.

That talent is inherited is seen in the sketches of Mr.
Vickers' ten year old son, Reginald, who is already doing work
far beyond his years. This boy has always been

A Pushing Artist,
and in saying this I speak advisedly. When 'but five years old
he used to paint little pictures for his friends, and lest his friends
would not accept them, he gave them no choice, but, like Whittier,
with his early poems, was want to carry them around and push
them under the doors of the friends, and then run away lest he
be detected. Reginald is a pushing artist, and will yet make his
mark, and that will be the mark of generations, for it will be
" Vickers."

WINTER IN THE CAPITAL.

Ottawa Lecturers.
Winter Ottawa far surpasses Summer Ottawa in pleasur
s.
both intellectual and physical. This is natural, but is more marked
here than in .any Canadian city we have visited. Socially there 1S
possibly more gayety in 1\:Iontreal,-Ottawa runs more to the in-
tellectual. Throughout the winter, many lectures are given b
-
fore churches, societies and clubs. In this, Ottawa is wonder--
fully favored in having enough home talent, of a hie-h order, H'Jt
to have to depend upon outside sources. Our great Stoddart is
scarcely more entertaining in his lectures of travel than is the Rev.
Dr. George F. Salton, who is giving semi-monthly illustrated
lectures, in the Dominion l\lethodist Church, on his travels. His
worù pictures are marvels of beauty, while some of his canvas
views are unsurpassed. This is especially true of his Paris
views which are said to be among the finest ever brought to
America.
Before the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society were ùe-
livered lectures by such well known men, mostly Ottawans, as Sir
Louis Davies, Rev. Geo. F. Salton, Dr. Robert Bell, 1\1f. J. S.
Plaiskett, Prof. John 1fcNaughton, of McGill University, Dr.
Leonard Vaux, Rev. Robt. Hutcheon, and Mr. Thomas McFar-
!ane. One subject is of special interest to all of Canada, and that
IS

U Our Forest and I ts Preservation/

by Dr. Robert Bell, F,R.S. Canada cannot too soon become
" wise" on this matter. We once thought our forests were in-
exhaustible, but when too late we saw our mistake. Canada
should learn from our error, and not delay preserving this, one
of her great resources of wealth. I have spoken elsewhere ùf
the semi-monthly lectures before the Canadian Club. All this
tends to the intellectual advancement of the city, and accounts
Dr
Ottawa,. possibly standing second to none of its size on the con-
tinent, so that if any of you down home, think that Canada's

112

Ottawa, The Hub.

\Vashington is not up-to-date, }OU want to come up and spend
a month among these" Northern Lights."
Ottawa has numerous other lecturers of note: Rev. Dr. \V.
T. Herridge, "the Beecher of Canada," Prof. Prince, of lhe
1\!Iarine and Fisheries Department, :l\Iackenzie King, Deputy
:Minister of Labor, Rev. Norman :McLeod, Dr. ], G. Rutherford,
Rev. T. \V. Gladstone, I\Ir. Geo. A. S. Gillespie and others. :Mr.
Benjam!n SuIte, of frequent mention, is one of the most remark-
able speakers in Canada. He has delivered over three hundred
lectures, and has never written out one of them beforehand. His
very conversation is a delight, for he always says something. He
is almost a counterpart of the late :Max O'Rell-the photograph
of one might well serve for the other.
lVlany of the other writers are entertaining lecturers as
well as writers. Among the authors we find such names as
Wm. \Vilfrid Campbell, Lawrence Burpee, Canon Low, Dr.
Charles l\Iorse, A. C. Campbell. Prof. ] as. 1\lacoun, and his son,
J. 1\1. l\Iacoun, and J. B. Brown. Then, in various branches of
the Government, and in other callings, are men who would have
made their mark on the lecture platform. Among these are Dr.
Baanel, Ph. D., Cot. W. P. Anderson, C.E., J. F. \Vhite, J.
Francis \Vaters, lVLA., A. J. Jolliffe, Otto J. Klotz. \Vm. J.
Topley, an entertaining talker on Art, Anthony McGill, Canon
Kittson, Capt. C. F. Winter. Besides these there are numerO
lS
others, for to entertain by mind-effort seems first nature with
the educated Ottawan
I have never heard a more beautiful lecture on Lincoln, than
" Log Cabin to White House," by a former Ottawan, Rev. RoDt.
E. Knowles. It is delightful to hear, in a foreign land, one's
home idol so charmingly spoken of as Rev. 1\fr. Knowles spoke
of dear" Old Abe."

Which One Lectured?
On leaving a hall, one evening where we had been attending
a lecture, the Colonel asked. "Rube, which one of those men
lectured, the first or the last?"
"Why, the first one, of course; the last one was only pro-
posing a vote of thanks, Colonel, you are very, very verdant at
times."
" Well, how could I tell, when the last man spoke far longer
than the first one, and seemed to know so much more about the
subject than the other fellow? I thought the first one was a sort
of an introducer."
"Oh, I see; well one might look at it that way!" said I.
I have spoken of the winter sports, skating, skeeing, to-
tobogganing and hockev, but after seeing the great game of hockey
played between the Winnipeg Rowing Club and the Ottawa
Hockey Club for

The Stanley Cup.

113

I feel that I know more about this lightning express game
than ever before. I have never seen war, but I have seen Rugby
football, and judging from that I must conclude that war is only
play compared with hockey when the Stanley Cup is the stake.
Both teams claimed that the other was rough, the first game of
the three, but it was so hard to determine which was right, that
the stitches taken in the heads of the players had to be counted,
Winnipeg won on the contention by three stitches, but when the
Ottawas showed up the cut feet it came out a tie. Just here
would be the place to say "but joking aside," but he of
'e
broken thumb says, " it's no joke."
It was in the new Aberdeen Rink, in Lansdowne Park,
where the games were played. Two out of three, and Ottawa
won the first and last, Winnipeg winning the second by 6 to 2.
I used to wonder why Canadian men were so strenuous, -lnd
now I find that the women of Canada. are quite as full of endur-
ance as her men. On the nie-ht of the last game the thermometer
stood lower than any night since r896, and yet in that great cold
storage the ladies sat, watched and cheered, until nearly midnight,
with nothing but wraps and enthusiasm to keep them warm. No
wonder that Canada is such a country of strenuous men and fair
women.
Hockey is immensely popular. Their Excellencies, Lord and
Lady Minto, and many of the elite of the city, were in attendance
at these games. The Ottawa team is composed of young men
of the highest circle in the city, and are very popular.
Lady :Minto, who is withal a clever writer, in an article in
"The Badminton Magazine," on skating, says in part: "The
reason of this wonderful proficiency is not far to seek. The
Canadian boy can skate as soon as he can walk. I t matters noth-
ing to him if he skates on ice, or snow on the frozen sidewalk
or road; it becomes second nature; his balance is perfect, and His
confidence complete." A visit to any of the many rinks will
make one very naturally exclaim. "Lady :Minto might have said
'Canadian boy and girl'" for the proficiency of some of the.;e
dear little girls is nothing short of marvellous. They remind 0:Ie
of the swallows on the wing, so easy they flit about over the ice
and seem never to tire.
While on (I ice" and winter pleasures, I may say, that a very
pretty feature of entertainment, is the occasional

Monday Afternoons at Rideau Rink.
One or more of the society ladies will send out invitations
for a skating reception and supper at Rideau-the fashionable-
Rink. The rink is engaged for the afternoon (always Monday)

114

Ottawa j The Hub.

and evening, and the ladies entertain as if giving a dance at their
own houses.

At IIomes
are very conventional in Ottawa, or I might say in Canada. The
hostess seldom introduces her guests. To the stranger calling,
this is embarassing, but for the callers of the city, it is taken for
granted that they know each other.

New Years Calling.
Calling on New Year's Day is confined almost exclusively
to official circles. The Governor General holds a reception in
the Eastern Block, which is attended by a large number of gentie-
men-from 700 to 1000 paying their respects, as the Governor is
very popular. Lady Minto's popularity is shown not only on
New Year's Day, but at all functions at Rideau Hall. Her cordial
manner at her home is proverbial.
Most of the wives of the Cabinet Ministers are at home on
New Year's Day to their friends.

OTTAWA LITI::RARY.

Ottawa has many poets and writers, some of them of 110t
only national, but even of world-wide fame; so many are there
that in a work of this nature, I can but give a list of them, as to
give details of their works would require a volume, nor am I able
to give a list in proper order of prominence. Out of courtesy,
however, to him who has don
so much in giving to the world the
biographies of the great men, and noble women, of Canada, I will
head the list with trr. Henry J. Morgan, LL.D. Mr. Morgan
has written more books on biographical subjects than any other
Canadian writer.
He was pioneer in two branches of literature in Canada-
Canadian biography and Canadian bibliography. These publica-
tions are to be found in all the principal libraries of the world.
No Canadian has done more to make known the intellectual re-
sources of this country. His works would form a small library
in themselves. His three latest publications: "Canadian Men
and Women of the Time," " Types of Canadian Women, Past and
Present," and "Canada, its People and its Institutions," have
greatly added to his much deserved literary reputation.
11any of the readers of Harper's, the Atlantic Monthly, the
Century, and other high-class magazines, will be surprised to hear
that Mr. William Wilfrid Campbell, whose poems have so delight-
ed them, is an Ottawa man. He is not only a true poet of nature,
but a; strong prose writer as well. In strength of expression he is
not unlike his great relative, Thomas Campbell, whose "Plea-
sures of Hope" has long delighted the world.
Mr. Benjamin SuIte, President of the Royal Society of
Canada, might well head any list of Canadian writers of prose
and French lyrical verse. He is Canada's best informed histor-
ian, or as Mr. SuIte himself would say: "A Historical Book-
keeper." He has the rare faculty of making every word count.
There is a book which I found invaluable when writing of
Montreal and the country adjacent to Lake St. Louis. It is full of
data pertaining to the settlers of early days, when Canada was

116

Ottawa
The Hub.

a wilderness. That book is "Lake St. Louis and Cavaliere de
la Sal1e
" by the Hon. Desire Girouard, D.C.L., LL.D., (and sun
D. H., now deceased), Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada.
It was written in French and translated by the Judge. He has
recently published a Supplement, translated into English by l\fr.
Augustus Power, K.C. It is a valuable work showing years of
research. Both volumes are beautifully, and most profusely
illustrated with full page pictures, ancient plans, maps, etc. The
book is highly appreciated by connoisseurs.
The publishers are Poirier, Bissette & Co., of Montreal.
The hundreds of thousands of readers of the" Youth's Com-
panion" will be glad to see the name of l\Ir. E, \V. Thompson,
whilom revising editor of that great favorite among our young
people. He wiII be better known, however, as the author of
" Old Man Savarin," and other tales, as the" editor" is too often
swallowed up by the publication.
W. D. LeSueur, LL.D., essayist of a high order.
Lawrence J. Burpee, essayist and magazine writer of much
ability. His style is so mature that on meeting him one almoc;t
involuntarily exclaims, " Why, you're only a boy, when I thought
you might have been gran'pa." His style is "mature," not old;
and withal very pleasing.
There are two stories which have for years held a firm place
in my memory, stories whose author I had never known until to-
day. " The Dodge Club," and " A Manuscript Found in a Cop-
per Cillender" are the stories. They created world-wide interest
when they came out in Harper's years ago. They were anony-
mously written. To-day I learned that they were both by the late
J as. De ti ill e, an uncle of 1fr. Burpee.
Mrs. Anna Howells Frechette, prose. l\irs. Frechette is a
sister of our own great author, William Dean Howells, and wife of
Achille Frechette, brother of the poet, Louis-who is himself a
poet, but better known as an artist. This is indeed a literary and
scientific family on both sides, so that it is no surprise to find their
daughter, l\Iiss Viva, an artist o
much promise.
J. H. Ritchie, County Crown Attorney for Carleton, writer
of society plays, well known in the United States. He won a $300
prize for the best society play offered' by a Philadelphia stock com-
pany. He is a son of the late Sir William Ritchie, Chief Justice
of Canada.
A. D, DeCelles, Litt. D., F.R.S.C., General Librarian of Par-
liament, historical writer, was given a prize by the Academie des
Sciences, Morales et Politiques, Paris, in r897, for his" Les Etats
Unis" (The United States). M. DeCelles is a relative of Oliver
Wendell Holmes.

Ottawa Literary.

117

Errol Bouchette, member of a very noted family, running
back through to the earlyl days of the New France. Mr. Bouchette
is a well known writer of economics, which he illustrates through
the form of a novel.
Duncan C. Scott, poet and prose writer, famous as one of the
best short story writers of the day.
W. Chapman, poet. A book of this famous poet is now in
the press in Paris, and will be issued early in 1904. It is looked
forward to with much interest.
Leon Gerin, F.R.S., prose writer, political economy, and social
science.
John Henry Brown, poet.
Frank Waters, poet, essayist and lecturer.
J. E. Caldwell, poet.
Gordon Rogers, private secretary of :Mr. G. F. o 'Halloran,
Deputy l\.iinister of Agriculture, prose and poetry. Many a reader
of American magazines will recognize this name as that of a
writer of short stories of great strength and charm. Mr. Rogers
inherited, from his father, the late Christopher Rogers, of Mercer
County, Pennsylvania, the faculty of story-telling, as 'tis said that
the senior was unexcelled as a racconteur.
Remi Tremblay, prose writer and poet.
Alfred Garneau, poet and prose writer.
George Johnson, Dominion Statistician, and a very
ble
essayist and author. Mr. J ohn50n is a versatile writer. lIe
started in by proving the exception among preachers' sons, and
not proving the exception among Nova Scotians. He was a
newspaper man as far back as the sixties, was a militia captain in
1866, and would have seen service had not the Fenians so quickly
grown tired of Canadian climate. He travelled extensively in
Europe in 1876 to 1880. Fortunately for Canada, he did not ac-
cept flattering offers and remain, as they wanted him to do. In
1881 he was Chief Census Commissioner. In 1886 he went to
British Columbia with Sir John Macdonald. In 1887 and 1888 he
was with Sir Charles Tupper in Washington, at which time he
met and saw much of Hon. Joseph Chamberlain. He was once
the President of the Press Gallery, and attended the first Parlia-
ment in 1867. He is the father of the Year Book. He is the
author of many works valuable to Canada. He is now getting
out a work for" Canada at the St. Louis Fair."
All writers should pat the heads of small children; then, if
by rare chance they become great, it will be a life-long joy to the
þatties. N ow one of the pleasures of :rvir. Johnson is to re-
member having been patted by "The Father of American Humor,"
Judge Haliburton, of "Sam Slick" fame. "This does not al-

lIB

o tta,wa
The Hub.

ways hold good," said the Colonel, at this point. "I once had a
teacher, who has since become a famous writer, but I just can't
work up any sentiment about the patting he was wont to give
me in the early days of my career. He did not use his hand,
however, which may have made the difference. He used a small
limb of a tree, which struck me at the time as being a club."
" And doubtless should have been, but' that's another story.'
Colonel, was he the teacher-author who wrote that touching story,
, How to raise boys?' " but he only gave me a sort of an Oh-don't-
get-funny look, as he changed the subject to the war in the far
east.
" Col. D. Streamer" is a familiar nom de plume to many Eng-
lish and American readers, who have enjoyed" Ruthless Rhymes
for Heartless I-Iomes," and other books of verse by this clever
writer.
It will be pleasing to those readers to know that Harry
Graham, A.D.C. to His Excellency, Lord 11into, is quite as de-
lightful a Captain as he is a "Col." N or is the Captain a book
writer alone. During our stay in the Capital, it was our pleasure
to see and hear his "Bluebeard-A 1\1 usical- Mellow- Farce," at
Rideau Hall. After three hours of smiles, we could not think of
a single minute of the time in which we wished to make excuse
for lack of excellence by reason of "only amateur acting." I
have rarely met one so cle-ver, so versatile, as he.
Ottawa has many able writers on special subjects. Some
of them have written largely in their various lines, and are widely
read.
Sir James A. Grant, M.D., is a prolific writer on medical
subj ects.
Sir Sandford Fleming, K.C.M.G., one of the greatest civil
engineers of his time (he it was who surveyed the Intercolonial
and the Canadian Pacific Railway across the continent), besides
writing on engineering, has written on many political subjects
pertaining to Canada and the Empire. Sir Sandford is called
"The Father of the Pacific Cable."
E. R. Cameron, Registrar of the Supreme Court, is an able
writer.
Dr. Robert Bell, D.Sc., Contab. LL.D., F.R.S.C., Deputy Head
and Director of the Geological Survey Department, is a most able
scientific writer and lecturer.
A. Colin Campbell is the author of a valuable work: "In-
surance and Crime."
Dr. J. C. Glashan, writer on mathematical subjects. The
Doctor stands at the head among mathematicians in Canada, and
has few equals in America. I
M. J. Gorman, K.C., legal writer.

Otta-wa Literary.

119

Chas. A. Morse., LL.D., B.C.L., D.C.L., Deputy Registrar
of the Exchequer Court, essayist. Contributor of the Boston
Green Bag and American Law Review. Assitant editor of the
Canadian Law Journal. The doctor, although but a young man,
has earned all of his degrees.
C. H. :Masters, K.C., official reporter of the Supreme Court,
legal subjects; editor of the Canadian Law Journal.
I have often wondered what would be the sensation of pleasure
to the author, who could write a book, that would make the students
of the world's doings, with one accord, rise and exclaim, " Great!
The result of marvelous research! Unique of its class! The )ne
full, precise, and definite authority in existence!" That sensa-
tion of pleasure must have been Dr. A. G. Doughty's, and his col-
laborator, G. W. Parmelee's, for in their

USeige of Quebec, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham,"
recently published, they have produced that which stands alone,
the wonder of research.
For nearly one and a half centuries have the writers of many
lands written of that world-famous siege and battle, but most cf
them have been content to write of hackneyed facts, the later J"'-
pending for their information upon the earlier historians, but
these authors have gone to the very source, and found so much
that is new and valuable, that their six volumes seem new history
of those stirring times.
Dr. Doughty has recently been appointed Dominion Archi-
vist. He has now in hand the collecting and arranging in system
of the valuable archives of the Dominion. That these archives
are rare and valuable is evidenced by the fact, that even our own
searchers for the old in Western American history, come to Ottawa
rather than vVashington for the earliest data.
The Doctor is the author of other. works of note, especially
that of "The Citadel and the Fortifications of Quebec," and in
collaboration with N. E. Dionne, "Quebec Under Two Flags."
There may be, and no doubt are, a number of other writers.
but the stranger can scarcely hope to be wholly accurate in all
lines, especially the " stranger" who is wholly accurate in none.
And if I have failed to give a list complete and left out any, who
are" just as good as him," I beg humble pardon of that" any."
Truly Ottawa is literary!
It will naturaIly follow that the Capital is a city of readers.
Ottawa is as much up to the times in "what's worth reading"
a3 any of our own cities. All the magazines of any note are to
be had at the bookseller's stand, and the Ottawan is not only
quick to know" what's to read," but is prompt to secure it. For

120

Ottawa, The Hub.

this reason there are a number of very much up-to-date book-
stores here.
Curiosity led me to ask of the various dealers the six be
t
selling magazines or periodicals, with the following result. I
began at the Russell House, where C. M. Jolicoeur has one of his
three places, the other two being a bookstore on Rideau Street,
and a stand at the Grand Union Hotel. His six were Munsey,
Argosy, Strand, Pearson, J\1cClure and Smart Set.
James Hope & Son: Ladies' Home Journal, J\Iunsey, Strand,
:McClure, Harper's :Monthly and Pearson.
C. Thorburn: Strand, Ladies' Home Journal, Munsey, Mc-
Clure, Argosy, and Pearson, with Everybodys coming up as a
good seller.
Fotheringham & Popham: Strand, Everybodys, Ladies'
Home Journal, McClure, Munsey and Argosy.
James Ogilvy (who has just moved into one of the best ap-
pointed stores in Canada): Strand, Pearson, Munsey, Ladies'
Home Journal, Argosy and McClure.
When I asked J. G. Kilt, he replied: "It would be hard to
tell. I sell, all told, 265 different magazines and periodicals."
A. H. Jarvis, of "The Bookstore": Ladies' Home Journal,
Ivlunsey, Pearson, Woman's Home Companion, :McClure and
Frank Leslie's. I was pleased to find in his list the

Woman's H ome Companion,
which, he says, "is fast taking a place alongside of the Ladies'
Home Journal." I say "pleased," for it comes from myoId
home, Springfield, Ohio, and apropos of which city, it may not be
known, but it is a fact, that more copies of daily, weekly .llld

Springfield, Ohio, a Periodical Centre.
monthly publications go out from its presses than from those of
any city of its size in the world.
Large numbers of New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other
newspapers are received here daily. From New York they reach
here early in the evening of the day of publication. Among them
are The World, American, Herald, Telegraph, Post and Tribune.
The Boston Herald and the Globe are very popular. From
Chicago are the American, News, Tribune, Inter-Ocean and Re-
cord-Herald. Possibly the two most popular American weeklies aïe
the Philadelphia Saturday Evening Post ami the Utica Saturday
Globe. Of the latter one newsdealer sells 400 copies each week.

The Press.

121

NEWSPAPERS.
The newspapers and other publications of the city are well
conducted and enterprising.
The Citizen, morning, evening and semi-weekly (Conserva-
tive). It is published by a limited company, with Mr. Wm. 11.
Southam, managing director, :Mr. Harry S. Southam, Secretary-
Treasurer. JVIanaging editor, Mr. E. W, B. :l\Iorrison; night
editor,
Ir. B. B. Keefer and I\fr. T. W. Quayle, news editor.
The Ottawa Journal, evening and semi-weekly, (Indepen-
dent), by a limited company with I\lr. Philip D. Ross as presi-
dent. The company also publishes the Ottawa Valley Journal.
Editor-in-chief, Mr. Philip D. Ross; managing editor, Mr. George
H. Wilson; city editor, Mr. W. H. Macdonald; news editor, Mr.
C. H. E. Askwith. Robt. B. Faith is editor of the Ottawa Valley
Journal.
The Ottawa Free Press, evening and semi-weekly, (Liberal.)
Mr. Alfred Wood, managing director; editor-in-chief, I\Ir. Hadden
Taylor, our old friend of the Montreal Herald.
Le Temps, (Liberal), is the only French daily published in
the Province of Ontario. F. V, I\10ffet, manager.
The weekly newspapers are:-
The Canadian Farmer, Rideau Press Publishers.
Danebrog, editor C. C. Myer.
Dominion Presbyterian. Publisher, J. T. Pattison.
Events,
Ir. A. J. l\fagurn, editor. 1Ir.
Iagurn also pub-
lishes The Canadian Parliamentary Guide, giving the names and
biographical sketches of the members and officials of the Govern-
ment, a most valuable work.
Hull City Advance. Editor J. T. Pattison.
L'Ontario Francais (Liberal).
United Canada (Independent.)
Semi-Monthly, Der Kanadische Kolonist.
Holiness Era.
Young People's Guide.
Monthly: The Canadian Mining Review.
The Gatineau Beacon. Editor, J. T. Pattison.
Patent Review.
Annually: Mr. Henry J. Morgan of frequent mention, pub-
lishes his "Canadian JVIen and Women of the Time" and "Cana-
dian Parliamentary Companion,"! two very noted publications with
a circulation bounded alone by the English language. The form-
er book is to be found in almost every library of any note in the
world. His next volume will be "Canada, it's people and it'1j
Insti tu tions".

122

Ottawa, The Hub.

University of Ottawa Review.
There is a publication here worthy of more than a passing
note, worthy in this, that it is conducted by young men, some of
whom, scarce out of their 'teens, and yet so ably is it conducted
and so full of well written matter that one might look upon it as
that of men trained to the work. I refer to The University of
Ottawa Review.
The editorial staff contains students of the University from
not only many parts of Canada, but from the United States as
well-from our own country are many students in attendance,
more particularly from the Eastern States.
Editorial Staff: J. E. Burke, 'aS, W. Cavanagh, '06, P.
Byrnes, 'aS, J. Downey, 'aS, G. Bushey, '06, J. Freeland, '05,
J. Torseney, '06, W. P. Derham, '06, J. Tobin, '06, T. Sloan, '06,
A. McDonald, '06, G. O'Toole, '06. Business managers: J. C.
Walsh, 'oS, J. George, '06. '
The young business managers are clever writers as welI as
managers. I judge from some of their productions.
Ottawa being the capital, the newspapers of the Dominion send
some of their brightest young men to represent them during the
session of Parliament. The "boys" in many instances represent a
number of papers besides their own, as their capacity for work
seems almost limitless. Their motto is to "get what you're sent
for," which makes apropos

A Good Reporter's Story.
(The "Good" refers to the story.)
In 1866 during the Fenian Raid a reporter then young but
still on active duty here in Ottawa, was sent to get a report of a
secret meeting to be held by a Fenian Committee. But then let him
tell it for himself: " You see it was this way. I had heard of
his
meeting and told 'the old man'-'get the story' was all he said.
Well, I found that the committee was to meet in the top floor of
a three story building. I found the place, but all the doors were
locked tight and no possible way of getting in. Looking 'round,
I spied a large icicle that hung from the roof to the ground. I did
not hesitate a moment as the 'old man' had said 'get the story.'
Well sir, I climbed that icicle and for two hours hung just outside
the window of the committee room, and next morning our paper
had a three column verbatum report of that meeting. It was a
bomb shell thrown into the Fenian camp. It was a sensation to
the public. It broke up the raid and the war closed. The 'old
man' raised my salary $1.37, but I have never since felt kindly to-
ward the Canadian Government. You see the militia who had
started to drive the Fenians back, have all been 'medaled' and

The Press Gallery.

12 3

quarter-sectioned, for doing nothing but
atch the Fenians ru?,
while I, who really broke up the whole busmess, have not, to tIus
day, gotten even 'honorabíe mention.' Rube," said he, in closing,
"could your Yankee reporters beat this?"
"Great Scott, no! Our icicles grow too small! "

Boys of the Press Gallery.
Arthur Beauchesne, Le Journal, Montreal; P. E. Bilkey, Tel
-
gram, Toronto; J. A. Brousseau, Le Temps, Ottawa; Gerald II,
Brown, The Witness, Montreal; Fred. Cook, T. Passingham, A.
D. Ramage, :Mail and Empire, Toronto; W. H. Dickson, 11. O.
Hammond, Charles A. :Mathews, The Globe, Toronto; James
Dunlop, A. B. Hanney, The Herald, Montreal; J. A. Fortier and
H. F. Fortier, La Patrie, 1Iontreal; H. F. Gadsby, Star, Toronto;
John A. Garvin, Bernard Mullin, The News, Toronto; W. H.
Greenwood, The World, Toronto; C. H. E. Askwith, Journal,
Ottawa; H. R. Holmden, (president of the press gallery), Frank
MacNamarra, F. H. Turnock, Star, Montreal; S. L. Kidd, John
Scott, Gazette, Montreal; Rodolphe Leferriere, (secretary of the
press gallery), La Presse, Montreal; Wm. :Mackenzie, Free Press,
Winnipeg; J. 11. McLeod
Citizen, Ottawa; 4\' J. iVIagurn, Events,
Ottawa; Marc Sauville, Le Canada, :Montreal; M. 0, Scott, Spec-
tator, Hamilton.
In the" Art Gallery" you will see a group of the "boys" taken
around the Queen's Monument.

Moral Tone of the Canadian Press.
There is a marked difference between the newspapers of
Canada and those of the States; most of the dailies of the Domin-
ion are semi-religious. There is a greater difference in the sen-
sationalism of those of the two countries. Here, like the New
York Times, they print "all the news that is fit to read." They are
more careful about their facts. The Colonel savs that he l1as
noticed that most of their facts are true, and th;:),t they seldom have
to correct on Saturday what they said on Thursday.
At first one finds oneself missing the sensational, but later
on life is far more content without it.
Sunday newspapers, with. few exceptions, must be brought
from our American cities.

Les itl ajeste.
Taking the Canadian press as a whole, I am much pleased
with it; and yet I must confess that in Germany there is more

12 4

Ottawa, The Hub.

careful editing than is occasionally found here. If the following
instance were to occur in that country, the paper would run some
risk of being "up" for Les ]vI ajeste. In a good Liberal paper ap-
peared this: "Sir Wilfrid Laurier and-were presented medals
commemorative of-". Immediately above this item was, "To the
feeble and weak, take Scouts-Disolution-it is sustaining and
good for the nerves." And speaking of "nerves." the very next
item beneath the "medal" presentation was about somebody's
brand of tobacco being "hard to get". Of course this had no re-
ference to the lost cigarette bill, which had just been up before
the House. But to continue, the next item below was "Three
murderers hanged "-1 hardly need say that this was a States'
item, as they have so few occasions of this nature in Canada that
they must depend upon us to furnish them. In the column to the
left and almost beside the "medal" item, yon are given the valu-
able information that "Somebody's Food is three times better than
anybody else's, while the "Liniment ad", just below, is fonowed
immediately by another tragedy, "A love tragedy," in which the
lover, slays his sweetheart and shoots himself. Of course this too,
was in the States, as they don't love to that extent up here. I
might continne, but these, which are exactly as I give them-will
illustrate the Les M ajeste point I raised.
Nor is Canada alone moral as to her press. One day I heard
a member of Parliament in a casual conversation sav: "Canada
should never become a part of the United States. It
ould lower
our standard of morals too much."
"Yes, Colonel, I said, an M.P."
" Well, he ought to know."
"That's the worst of it, Colonel, he did know. Big as he was
I took him to task about the assertion, and found that he was all
ready and waiting for just such a patriotic country's defender as
your brother Rube. N ext time I will go and look up data before
I start in on that line of defence. "Vhy, he handled figures equal
to a Glashan; especially on

Divorce and Divorce Laws.
"Take," said he, "yonr divorc
laws. They are simply abom-
inably wicked. In some of your States there is hardly a semblance
of marriage. They simply herd together."
"Look here," said I, "that's pretty strong."
" Facts warrant it," and would you believe me, Colonel, that
M.P. just reached into his other pocket and drew out such data as
this, and said, "Read for yourself." (I wont name the town in
California as it's a friend of mine). "One divorce to five marriag-es.
Rhode Island, one divorce to eight marriages.
IassachusettsJ

Divorce Laws of the United States.

125

vne to 18, while taking the United States as a whole, there is.
one divorce to everyone hundred and eighty-five marriages."
"v VeIl, how does that compare with Canada," asked the
Colonel.
"That's where the 1LP. proved his point. Now would, 'Jr
could you, believe it possible, Colonel, that side and side could
stand two countries with such a horrible difference in that human
condition, which should be looked upon as the most sacred of
1l
conditions. Now, listen: while we have in the States one divorce
to 185 marriages, Canada has only one divorce to 63,000 mar-
riages. *
"What do you think of that, Colonel?"
" It's Damnable-and in writing that down, don't fail to put
in a large "D". It is enough Rube, to make one ashamed of one's
country, and td think that our gullible voters will keep on sending
lawyers to make our laws, who for gain, will continue to frame
divorce laws with such big holes in the frames that a home may be
pulled through and broken into bits on the rocks, while the law
rr..aking lawyers complacently stand and rub their hands while
their victims are counting out their fees. Fees, fees. All for
fees. Yes, Rube, be sure you put in a big 'D'."
"\Vhen I got through reading this, I bethought me of an en-
gagement I had in Hull, but the M.P. said, "Hold on, I'm not
through with you yet, I want to tell you that you Yankees ha'ie
too little respect for Sunday for us. You don't respect that day as
much as the heathen Chinee respects his day of rest."
" Yes, but my dear man I have an engagement in Hul1."
"And I want to tell you that in many of your cities and in all
of your great cities, your saloon element runs your municipal 3.f-
fairs absolutelv. And moreover-"
"Colonel, . at this point I bolted for Hull, to keep my engage-
ment. That 11.P. will never see me again if I see him first, but
really, Colonel, if what he said was true about divorce, it was a
long shot"
" Yes, with another "D," said he emphatically.
Some might call the laws up here "Blue," but I have notcd
very carefully that more people are made happy by reason of thdr
enforcement than are inconvenienced thereby. Take this city for

NOTJt.-This number. thou
h given flS accurate. is an error. The facts. }l(1wen'r
are nearly ae strong, and the faets are theFe: In 33
ears there have been but 315
divorce!', granted in all Canada, New Brunswick leading \\ ith lB. while Prince Kèlward
Islalld has not one to herdi,.credit. There "ere 661 divorced people Hvine- in CAnada in
1901, but. to ",how that most. of them were dh.orced elsc" here. Ontario is credited with
229, whil e there have be en in 33 years but 51 divorces grllnted in this Province.
-The re'ailon8 are p lafÏ1: T
('ãihõlic(,hu-rch -" ill not anow it-its members nõt
wfllhing it-and the t'roteBtants are ashamed to so di"honor themselveF<. Rave we
become dE'generate in thinking 1'0 H
ht1y Of the dif'gTace
It looks it! But J must stop
talking of the aubject lest it be that I will not netld the Colonel to do the strong language
part for me.

126

Ottawa 3 The Hub.

instance,-stores close at 6 P.M., except on Saturday. All saloons
close at 7 P.11. on Saturday. All cigar stores and saloons are
closed on Sunday. One saloon supplies drinks to each 844 of
population; New York City requires one to each 250. Ottawa
just now is agitating one saloon to each 1000 population, and has
almost enough Aldermen convinced that their heads will drop,
next election, if the ratio is other than I to 1,000. Ottawa is a
great city for "long shots" when morality is the stake, and a great
deal of this is due to the healthy moral tone of the newspapers.
Later.-The " heads" will not drop as it is now" I to 1,000."

B'jltown Press.
The Independent, a Liberal paper, was started in 1834, by
J as. Johnson. It was the first. It was followed in 1836 by the By-
town Gazette, Conservative, conducted by the famous Dr. A. J.
Christie. Dawson Kerr started the Advocate in 1842. In 1843 a
Mr. Harris launched the Packet, which became the Citizen in
185I. It went through many hands before it finally reached it's
present high position among Canadian newspapers. In 1849 The
Orange Lily budded out, for Dawson Kerr and Wm. P. Lett. It
bloomed into the Railway Times, then faded and died, as have so
many other By town and early Ottawa newspaper "buds." Henry
J. Friel was in various ways connected with the early papers.

I mþortance of the Press.
Few people take into consideration the vast benefits of the
press, to a new country. They too often think that they h3.ve
fully compensated their newspaper, when they have paid
their bills for advertising, or brought in a bushel of
turnips on account of their subscription. They seem not to think,
that but for their struggling "weekly," their very existence
would often not be known to the outside world. I have learned
more of the great North-western Country, through the "weeklies,"
on file in the Senate Reading Room, then I could possibly have
learned in any other way. Village after village, town after town,
are there read, and known of for the first time.
If I were thinking of emigrating to a new country, I would
first seek out the files of the newspapers of that country, and from
the support given them, would judge where best to go, to find a
people of enterprise, and a locality with progressive notions.

Growth of the Press.
Many who read these lines will be surprised to learn of the
rapid growth of the Canadian press. In 1864 there were, all told.
but 286 newspapers in Canada; in 1874, 456; 1881, 567; in 18 9 1 ,

Growth of the Press.

12 7

829; in 1902, 1236; and now (1904) the number is reaching be-
yond 1,300. It is not a wonder that a knowledge of Canada is
rapidly spreading to all quarters of the world, and too much
credit cannot be given to the progressive press of the Dominion.

THE OLD BOYS AND THE OLD SONS.

Ottawa is so full of " Old Boys" and " Sons" galore, but in
looking over the list I find the "Old Girls" as scarce as in any other
city I've seen. As elsewhere stated, there are 110 " old girls" in
Ottawa. If it were not general the world over, I'd think it was
owing to the youth microbes in the atmosphere. Not only
Ottawa, but all Canada is full of Bonnie Scots. Ten generations
ago I was One myself--of the Wallace and Ross clan-and to ::his
day I have a kindly feeling toward the auld hame of my forbears.
Stevenson, in his Silverado Squatters, said: " The happiest lot on
earth is to be born a Scotchman," and" life is warmer there and
closer; the hearth burns more redly; the light of home shines
softer on the rainy street; the very names endeared in verse and
music cling nearer round our hearts." No music wi1l quicker
touch my heart to-day-ten generations removed-than do the
simple ballads of that land of rocks and gallant sons, and so you
will have to pardon me for giving precedence to

The Sons of Scotland,
who have in Ottawa a large Camp, with George Gibson as Chief,
and John, Gordon as Secretary.

St. Andrew's Society
too, are sons of the land of Burns. It is the great social society,
and is composed of some of the most prominent people, business
and professional in the city. It was established in Ottawa in
r845-fifty-nine years ago. J. G. Turiff is President, H. H.
Rowatt, recording secretary, and John McLachlin, corresponding
secretary.

Sons of England.
This is a large society, with many branches or lodgfls. Luke
Williams is the Deputy Chairman of the district. As I said, it
has many branches, such as Bowood, Derby, Queen's Own, Rus-
sell, Stanley, Tennyson, Lion (Boys of England), and the Ivy.

Societies and Orders.

12 9

Just here the Colonel remarked "What an appropriate name,
, Ivy,' something that clings."
"And," said I, "see, Colonel, this particular branch is
'Daughters and 1\laids of England.' "
" Yes," said he, " that is why I'said the name is appropriate."
"Oh, I see, you refer to the "clinging" feature. Yes,
Colonel, it is appropriate, their memories cling to Old England."
I didn't catch his remark at this, but I heard "dense" and
" stupid," and such words in it. Of the Ivy, 1\liss Anna Norris
is president, and 1\1iss Caroline C. Orton is secretary.

St. George's Society
is the great English society. It has branches in all parts of the
world, wherever enough of the sons of that wonderful Island can
get together for a nucleus. It is here very strong. Its president
is J. P. Featherston, Clerk of the Court, and secretary, R. Patch-
ing, of the Department of the Interior.

St. Patrick's Society.
Part of the time during the "ten generation " sojourn, was
spent in Ireland, and the songs of Moore are ever sweet songs to
me.

The Great Orders of Masons and Oddfellows
are very strong in Canada, and have large membership in Ottawa.

The Free 1.1 asons
have no less than twelve different branches of the order here. The
District Deputy for Ottawa district is Rt. \Vor. Bro. N. VV. Cleary,
Renfrew. The Board of Relief are George Ross, John Robert-
son, Rev. T. vV. Garrett, J. C. Kearns, secretary-treasurer; F. C.
Lightfoot, D. J. 1\1cCuaig and W. Northwood. Masonic Hall
Committee: S. A. Luke and Wm. Rea, the secretary-treasurer of
the Public School Board.

Indeþendent Order of Oddfellows.
This order also has numerous branches in the, Capital, includ-
ing a female branch. The Board of Trustees are George Bell,
chairman; J. l\'L Baldwin, treasurer; H. J. Guppy, secretary; J.
Smith, E. B. Butterworth (now Grand Master of the Order in
Ontario), H. Chapman, F. H. Gallagher, A. E. Ripley and T. II.
Doherty.
One of the societies of great prominence throughout the Pro-
vinces of Quebec and Ontario is

13 0

Ottawa The Hub.

St. Jean Baþtiste.
J. U. Vincent, president; E. Lafontaine, first vice-president;
G. O. Lizotte, second vice-president; J. M. Briand, secretary ;
Charles Bettez, treasurer.

Ancient Order of United Workmen
has ten lodges in Ottawa, and is very strong here. D.D.G.M.W.
Dr. A. A. \Veagant, and Grand Organizer, James Drew.

Catholic Mutual Benefit- Association
has seven branches. Deputies for Ottawa district: J. A. Doyon
and T. Smith. Advisory Council for Ottawa: :M. J. O'Farrell,
president; A. Bedard, secretary; R. Devlin, treasurer.
There are so many branches of Foresters, and so many mem-
bers of them, that it is no wonder General Roberts thought
hat
there wasn't any cleared land out here for "manoeuvring pur-
poses." (If you catch this, just drop a card.)

Ancient Order of Foresters.
D.C.R., Thos Jones.

Canadian Order of Foresters.
D.D.H.C.R., Geo. Barwell.

Catholic Order of Foresters
has eleven Courts. Provincial Chief Ranger, C,S.O. Boudreault;
Provincial Vice-Chief Ranger, Rev. D. A. :rvlacdonald, Crysler,
Ont.; Provincial Secretary, V. vVebb; Provincial Treasurer, Geo.
W. Seguin.

Indeþendent Order of Foresters.
This is the largest of all. It has in Ottawa thirteen Courts.
H.C.R., Prof. John Herald, :M.D., B.A., Kingston; A. W. Fraser,
K.C., P.B.C.R.; W. E. Crain, :M.D., Crysler, B.V.C.R.; G. L.
Dickinson, High Secretary, 1\'Ianotick; J. S. R, 'McCann, B. Trea-
surer; J. T. Basken, 1\1.D., B. P.; 1. N. 1\larshall, Brockville, B.C.

Knights of the Maccabees.
Angus C. Whittier, record keeper of Capital Tent, and II.
H. Bailey, record keeper of Ottawa Tent.

Loyal Orange A,çsociation
has eight lodges. W. R. Smith is secretary of the Ottawa district.

The Canadian Club.

13 1

Lo'yal True Blue Association
has two lodges. Henry Meech is secretary of Enniskillen.

St. Vincent de Paul Society.
John Gorman, president; E. p, Stanton, vice-president; E.
L. Sanders, secretary; and W. L. Scott, treasurer.
Of the French Council of St. Louis, F. R. E. Campeau, presi-
dent; J. P. 1\1. Lecourt, vice-president; E. Laverdure, secretary;
Joseph Vincent, treasurer.
There are a number of temperance societies, and from the
rare sight of a drunken man on the street, they do much good.
The W. C. T. U.
is very strong in Ottawa. The building on Metcalfe Street is
large and very pretty. It has the support of the best people in
the city, many of them being active workers. l\lrs. S. W. Bor-
bridge, president; :Mrs. vValter Rowan, corresponding secretary;
l\lrs. W. A. Warne, recording secretary; lVlrs. Walter Odell,
treasurer.
There are, besides the " Sons" and " Old Boys" from across
the water, a number of associations from various places through-
out Canada. From the counties of

Leeds and Grenville
there are several hundreds now in Ottawa; some of them are
amongst the most prominent in the city. "Its object is to pro-
mote good fellowship and to revive old recollections." It was or-
ganized about a year ago, and has already a very large member-
ship.
Possibly of all the Societies, clubs or associations in Ottawa,
the one whose influence could be made to be felt more widely for
the city's good than all others is
The Canadian Club$>
organized but a few months, It has already a membership of over
700, and growing to the limit. Its object, while decidedly social,
can be made of far-reaching good, Every fortnight is held,
either a mid-day luncheon of a half hour, with a half hour address
from some one of its brilliant membership, or an evening dinner,
with a more extended address on subjects of interest to Cana3a.
The Colonel and I had the pleasure of listening to Mr. Benjamin
SuIte at one of the luncheons. Mr. SuIte is Canada's mO':lt
capable historian. He is withal so charming a speaker that !-lis
half hour seemed but a few minutes.

13 2

Ottawa The Hub.

The following from the constitution will better give the .)b-
jcct of the club than I could tell you: "It is the purpose of the
club to foster patriotism by encouraging the study of the institu-
tions, history, arts, literature and resources of Canada, and by en-
deavoring to win Canadians in such work for the welfare and pro-
gress of the Dominion as may be desirable and expedient."
The officers are: President, Lieut.-Cot A, Percy Sherwood,
C.M.G., A.D. C., Commisisoner; first vice-president, W. L. Mc-
Kenzie King, Deputy Minister of Labor; second vice-president,
D. Joseph McDougal, barrister; secretary, Hamnett P. Hill, bar-
rister; treasurer, Plunket B. Taylor, banker; literary correspond-
ent, Arthur F. Legatt, journalist; committee, John R. Reid, J. D.
Courtenay, :M.D., Jas. W. Woods, Fred Colson, Rev. W. IVI.
L<;mcks, John F. Waters, Stewart McClenaghan, Auguste Le-
mieux.
Canada has a great future, and seems to be just now waking
up to the fact. These clubs are springing up all over the Do-
minion, and will go further toward cementing the good sentiments
for Canada's upbuilding than anything that might possibly be
done. Party politics and sect religion are unknown within its
halls. A Conservative may make a motion and a Liberal second
it, or a Presbyterian minister propose a measure, and as likely as
not it will be furthered by a Catholic priest. Such kindly feeling
must, of necessity, bear good wholesome fruit for

The New Canada
which I have seen growing by leaps and bounds during our three
years sojourn in the country.

L' I nstitut Canadien.
This society is possibly the oldest of its kind in the city. It
was organized in 1852. It has in its membership very many
prominent among the French citizens. Its purpose is to promOte
loyalty and kindly sentiment, and has done much good. Its
president is A. T. Charron; secretary, A. A. Lapointe; librarian,
T. L. Richard; treasurer, J. E. Marion.

The Elks.
Canada will have the good things of life (social). For a
long while we selfishly held from the Canadian the rite-I mean
the right-of Elkdom, but within the past few months, the bar5
have been dropped and the way the young men of snap and go are
taking up the order here is good to see.
One, uninitiated, can only know an Order by the men it at-
tracts. In the States it is the man of snap, push, enterprise, lifo:>

who becomes an Elk. The very initials of the Order indicate the

The Elks.

133

membership-C.B.P.O.E., "Can't Be Passed or Excelled."-"Best
People on Earth." They are the men who are first to help their
fellows, unquestioning-and never for policy.
1\Iy impression of the Order may be biased by the boys down
home (Springfield, Ohio), and if you knew them, you would par-
don anything I might say of the Elks. Well I remember the
stereotyped expression-speaking of some new enterprise which
they took up: "It will go for the Elks are behind it and it did
go-with emphasis on the G.
The dropping of the bars indicates a forward movement tu-"
ward cementing a friendship between our two countries that mU5t
last for all time. We need not-and never will be-politically one,
but in neighborly fellowship and love I shall hail witH joy the day
when one banner, inscribed "Brothers," shall float over our two
countries.
There is possiblv no one order so free from drones, as the
Order of Elks. The very word means "an animal that is ever on
th
alert and moving." A word of advice to the "Dead Ones"-
Don't join the Elks. This advice seems to have been followed
n
NO.4 Lodge, even before I gave it, if I may judge from the offi-
cers chosen, a list of whom I give.
A. Taillon, P.E.R., manager Banque N ationale; R. G. Code,
E.R., barrister; C. B. Pratt, E. Lec. K., barrister; vValter :Mc-
Dougall, chaplain, law clerk; W. C. 'l\IcCarthy, Secretary, baris-
ter; Russell Blackburn, Treasurer, financier; Chas. 1\1. \Vright,
E. Lead, K., Sheriff of Wright County; A. L. Ogilvy, W. . . . . .
. . . . . . vV. F. Powell, G., chief of police; Harry C. Ketchum, Aide,
leading sporting goods dealer of Canada; Dr. D. H. Baird,
Esquire; H. Rosenthal, T., jeweler; Dr. O. K. Gibson, W, J.
Chapleau, musicians for the Order.
Trustees: H. 1. Beament, J. H. Lewis, B. Slattery.
Assistants: Arthur Brophv, N. Champagne, 1\"I. Lapointe,
Alex. NIcDougall, J. F. Gobeil, D. G. Gilmour, Geo. J. Bryson, Jr.,
P. Baskervil
e.
Reception Committee: Stewart 'McClenaghan, Dr. "Matthew-
man, R. G. Cameron, Newton J. Ker, E. A. Olver and T. Cald-
well.

A BEAUTIFUL SOUVENIR.

"\Vhat cities did vou visit? vVhat did you see in this or
that one while in Canadå?"
These questions are the first asked when the tourist retur:1S
home after a delightful summer's outing. To depend upon onc's
memory at such a time will result in little,of pleasere to tourist or

134

Ottawa, The Hub.

listener, but when one can sit down with a book of views, he can
not only tell what he saw, but each picture will call up a memory,
and he can live over again the pleasures of his visit.
Canadian cities are now being illustrated in so many forms
that the stranger is at a loss to know what book to buy or what
souvenir to carry home. As I wish" The Hub and Spokes"
to contain just what the tourist should know before coming to
Ottawa; I cannot d.) better than to tell him what I found to be the
very best form in \V hich to get the most interesting sights illus-
trated in the best way, and that is

Ottawa, the Capital of Canada, illustrated.
The pictures are not only beautiful in themselves as works of .Irt,
but they are so well chosen that no point worth seeing is left onto
The Parliament and all of the public buildings, the parks, river
views, statues, street scenes, bridges, water falls, views of the
Experimental Farm near the city, &c. In short, what would
cost very many dollars as separate pictures are to be had for a
trifle, and in a form easily handled.
This advice is far more of interest to the tourist than to
Messrs. A. H. and S. J. Jarvis, the publishers, and 'tis a pleasure
to give it.

YORK COUNTY LOAN AND SAVINGS C01\1PANY.

The York County Loan and Savings Company is a uniq'..te
corporation, with main offices in Toronto, and branch offices in
other Canadian cities. The Ottawa branch is in the Bank Street
Chambers, under the superintendence of 1fr. F. J. Goodchild, as-
sisted by Mr. J. 1\1. Skead, grand-son of Robt. Skead, an old-time
Ottawan of much prominence.
I said it was unique. l\.1r. Joseph Phillips a man of great
executive ability, but with little capital, started it in 1891. From
the small beginning it has grown not only as a savings institution,
but has branched into many lines. It publishes "The National
l\Ionthly," which in two years has outgrown all other magazines
pub!ished in Canada. And just here, I must stop to say that it is
bound to succeed since it has discovered the key. I t pays its con-
tributors enough to keep in Canada the 'work of Canada's best
writers. It will go far to encourage and bring out the best.
This company have recently gone into life insurance, and with
the largest agency force in Canada, " wrote" over one million in-
surance in four months, np to January, 1904. Again, it has hit
upon a new idea. Although" old line," it collects weekly, mak-
ing it possible for the poorest to carry insurance.

Ottawa a Convention City.

135

Within a few weeks it has added the manufacture of pianos,
and by April will be turning out 50 Liszt instruments per week. It
purposes selling, through its great corps of agents, direct to ;:he
buyers, at a large saving to its purchasers.
The York County has other lines. It deals in real estate,
building and selling houses. In this it has the right principle. It
develops rough farm land into park-like beauty; then building
thereon, makes a profit, not only on the buildings themselves, but
on the great enhancement of the value of the land itself.
It is no surprise to be told that the company has never lost a
dollar for its investors.
Yes, the " York County" is unique.

OTIAWA A CONVENTION CITY.

Ottawa is called "The Convention City," and why should it
not be such? As Mayor Cook very happily put it, in one of his
many addresses of welcome: " This is your city as well as ours. ] t
is the Capital of this great Dominion, and all the people should
feel that they have a right to use it." Yes, but my dear Mayor,
what about the Yankee conventions that are growing wise and
coming to Ottawa to do their conventioning ? You make them,
everyone, feel that they, too, own the city. Honestly, and on the
quiet (this to my home people, looking for an ideal city for hold-
ing a convention in Canada), I never saw so unselfish a people fS
these Ottawans. vVhy, bless you, when a convention comes to
town they treat it as though it was" dead broke," and hadn't a
dollar to spend. I've seen places where the citizens stood around
as though the visitors were so much money, and each one ready
to get his share; while, as for entertainment, the convention paid
for all it got. Now, here, from the minute a convention gets in-
side the corporation until it says a regretful good-bye, it hasn't
a blamed thing to do but have a good time. Result, every con-
vention that comes to Ottawa spreads the news, and that's what I
would like to do, for these people are so delightful in their enter-
tainment that it is really a pleasure to say pretty things about
them.
Ottawa is in truth a Convention City.

POLICE FORCE.

As referred to elsewhere, we find the Ottawa policeman a man
far beyond the ordinary city protector. He is a man who thinks
as well as protects, and in courtesy might well be taken as a model
by many a man whose only claim of gentleman is the one he him-

13 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

self so strenuously makes. Ottawa is justly proud of its police
force.
I have spoken of the high degree of morality which I have
found general in Canada. You will better appreciate this when I
tell you that 58 men have little to do in the way of making arrests
in this city of nearly 70,ooo-one man to 1,200. At this rate
New York City should be protected by 3,000 policemen, while in-
stead it has now about 10,000. Of the 58 on the force, all but 14
are Canadian born, and nearly all members of some church.
The few arrests made during the year are mostly for small
offences. The men are nearly all six feet tall and well propor-
tioned. A number of them are fine athletes, Mortimer Culver
being the champion shot thrower of Canada, as well as excelling
in many other athletics.
VV m. F. Powell is the Chief of the force, and a most capable
one he is.

THE DOl\IINION POLICE,

There is a Dominion Police force of 37 selected men, under
Lieut.-Col. A. Percy Sherwood, C.l\1.G., A.D.C., Commissioner,
whose prowess as a curler I told you in "The Wandering Yankee."
The duties of these men are to protect the Capitol buildings, and
to go as detectives into any part of the Dominion on Government
business. They are a bright body of stalwart men. Kennedy,
the famous "Rough Rider" football player, is a member of this
force.
C oZonel A. Percy Sherwood
is worthy of a more than casual note. He was until recently the
Colonel of the 43rd Regiment, President of the Canadian :l\1ilitary
League, Vice-President of the Canadian branch of the Royal
Caledonian Curlers Club, and a member of the Executive of the
Dominion Rifle Association. He commanded the Canadian Rifle
Team that competed in 1903 at Eisley, England, and when the
Canadian Club was recently formed, the Colonel was chosen its
President. When I say that he is immensely popular, I say it
with reason.

THE NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES MOUNTED POLICE.

One of the most prominent bodies of men in Canada are the
North-west :l\Iounted Police, under Colonel Fred. White, Comp-
troller. This force is made up of
oo men in the North-west
Territories, and 300 in the Yukon. There is no body of men in

M ottnted Police of the N. W. Territories. 137

the world whose duties are so varied as those of this force, and no
force in the world where so few protect so vast an area as do the
North-west Mounted Police-one man to 500 square miles of
territory. If the result of their work was not being seen in the
perfect government of that great area of country, one might smile
at the thought of such a thing being possible.
Apropos of their duties. They act in the capacity of police,
lawyer, prosecutor, advisor to the new settlers, and sometimes act
as Indian agents. In short, they are emergency men, capable of
doing anything that may need to be done in their territory, where
there may not be any other, properly commissioned, to do it. They
are a fine body of capables, many of them college graduates.
Colonel White has been at the head of the force since its
organization in 1873, before which time he was private secretary
to Sir John A. l\Iacdonald. Like Colonel Sherwood, he is a mDst
charming gentleman, and again like him, most popular through-
out the Dominion.

FAM:OUS CANADIAN ARCHITECT.

Ottawa, as I have said, has some pretty churches, but there
is one worthy of more than passing note. For two reasons worthy,
first for its interior finish, but more for the wonderful mind that
designed and carried it out. I refer to the Basilica, the Roman
Catholic Cathedral, on Sussex and St. Patrick Streets, and the
man who designed the interior work was

Rev. Canon G. Bouillon.
It is so natural for the distant reader who sees mention of a
man's name in a book of this kind, to look upon that man as of
local interest, and of local interest only, but I felt to-day, when I
met and conversed with Canon Bouillon, much as I know I should
have felt had I been accorded the rare privilege of meeting and
conversing with lVIichael Angelo. And why not, when he has
designed a greater than St. Peter's in Rome. Have you yet heard
of the design for
Nova Sancto Sophia?
A church of such marvellous magnificence that its cost will
reach thirty-five millions of dollars. You have not? "VVell, t11e
designer of this marvel of the world is a Canadian, born in Que-
bec, and now an Ottawan. You begin to be interested now, dO!l't
you? The local interest widens, and the eyes of the world turn
towards Ottawa, for here lives the man whose brain is to give to
the world a more beautiful church than St. Sophia in Constan-

13 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

tinople, and a larger one than St. Peter's in Rome; larger as to
capacity, and more costly by ten millions of dollars.
SL Peter's is 400 feet wide, 700 feet long, and 400 feet high,
and holds 50,000 people. Nova Sancto Sophia is to be 400 feet
wide, 500 feet long, and 450 feet high, but so designed that its
capacity will be 60,000 people. The beauty of St. Peter's is in
the detail; that of the Nova Sancto will burst upon the beholder
the moment he enters the door, as the design is such that the whole
interior, even to the great dome, is seen at once. And that dome!
St. Peter's is 120 feet across at the base, this one is to be 200
feet across.
I spent hours looking over the details of the plans, and yet I
could not grasp their magnitude, and the beauty of the whole
seems but a marvellous dream. You would not want me to mar
your conception of the beauty by a description, even had I the
many pages it would require for a bare outline.
" Tell you of the man himself?" How natural; we all want
to know" the man." He is tall, six feet, well pronortioned, and
stands straight as an arrow. His face and eye are kindly, and his
manner is so modest and retiring that you must know his worth
from seeing his work, and not from the man himself, as he makes
no effort to impress you, as many another would do who had de-
signed a simple dwelling. He is quite grey, but his face is 110t
old. He was born a genius, as ::Michael Angelo was born. No
amount of studv or research could have enabled him to have de-
signed Nova Sáncto Sophia; it was an inspiration.
"Where will it be placed?" It is not yet determined, but
the city on the American continent that is chosen will hold an ob-
ject of interest unsurpassed by any other in the world.
It was in the entrance hall of the Archbishop's Palace, ad-
jacent to the Basilica, where I saw the most beautiful

Murillo
I have ever seen. It must be at least two and a half centuries old
(l\Iurillo was born 1618, died 1682), and yet its colors are as clear
and beautiful as though but of recent origin. It is only the half
of the original picture, the other half being in the British l':1useum.
It was buried in France during the French Revolution 111 1793,
and years after found by two workmen, who cut it in two, the
figurEs allowing the division. This part, which seems
D com-
p1ete that you must be told that it is not the whole, is that ef
Joseph on his way to Egypt, the other half shows Mary and the
Child Jesus. Joseph in this part is reaching out a cup getting water
from a cleft in a rock, while beside him is seen the head of the
docile ass. This part is a picture 40 by 6 feet. If ever you come
to Ottawa, go to see it; yon will find no more beautiful in Canada,
and few on the continent, equalling it in richness of coloring.

Under Patronage.

139

Here are copies of some of the celebrated paintings of the
world, especially those of the Transfiguration by Raphael, and The
Communion of 51. Jerome, by Dominicin. The originals of th
se
two are in the Vatican at Rome, and are priceless in value. It Ílas
been said that these two pictures are of greater value than all the
other paintings of Europe. They occupy a large gallery to them-
selves.
The contents of this sketch are the" finds" which make glad
the heart of a writer.

UNDER PATRONAGE.

I used to think-and you, no doubt, still think-that" under
patronage of" or "maker to" some high dignitary, means that
anyone who, by chance, had done work for the said high digni-
tary, might make those claims. Not so; one must not only have
proven ones worth, but must have the consent of the person or
persons who are claimed as patrons.
The honor is often confirmed" By Appointment." As an
instance, the Topleys, the famous photographers, whose work
will add so much to this volume, are: "Photographers by ap-
pointment to His Excellency, the 1\larquis of Lorne, and H
r
Royal Highness, the Princess Louise." It was rather an. odd coin-
cidence that when the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and Y ork-
Prince and Princess of Wales-were here in 1901, that 1\lr. Wm.
Topley and 1\lr. \Vm. Notman, of :Montreal, were selected to tour
the continent with their Royal Highnesses, odd in that these two
firms wen
once together.
The pictures taken on that Royal tour are works of Art, In
my " gallery," you will see a few of the pictures taken by them
at that time, and I may, in later editions, give the "Topleys
Across the Continent, with the Duke and Duchess." In two
groups may be seen all the Governor Generals and their wives
since Confederation. This was a veritable find, but " finds" :ire
the rule. J'vlr. vVm. Topley has been here, I was about to say for
generations, photographing- everything and everbody of interest,
or of note, and to him I am indebted for many of the pictures of
people long gone. They sat for him as now their grand-children
are sitting for him.
It has long- been the custom of Royalty, when visiting in
Ottawa, to visit this famous gallery. The Duke of Albany, Prince
Leopold, is probably the onl" one who broke the rule, and he is
said to have regretted that his three hours stay in the city would
not allow, him time to follow the precedent.

14 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

VV. B. ED
1INSTER A1\D THE I
TERNATIONAL
SCHOOL OF CORRESPONDENCE.

Again, "this is but a little world after all!" One day at
the Bank Street Chambers, I ran across .ßlr. VV. B. Edminster. I
had lost all track of him since long ago, in New York City, w h
n
he was on his way from Japan to St. Louis, with the body of his
friend, the great newspaper man, Colonel John Cockeril1.
.. Hello, W. B. vVhat are you doing in Ottawa? " I asked.
" \Vhy, I've been here a year."
" Last man I expected to see, and yet I might have known
that you would find your way to the vVashington of Canada.
What are you doing here?"
" I'm with the

International School of Correspondence,
Assistant Superintendent. I have charge of Eastern Ontario,
and part of Quebec."
I ran back, in mind, to one day in Scranton, Penn., in the
early nineties, when I heard them talking abont this schaul
-how that some day it would have pupils in all the adjoining
States, but I did not then think to ever find om; office in a foreign
country, which had enrolled 2,500 students, (as has been done 111
Ottawa), nor do I think they did either.
"Come upstairs to our office and I'll tell you some things
th1.t will surprise you," said VV. B.
I went up and was greeted by a phonograph in French-
"Coma vou portay vou 11issure?"
" Tray be a-and how's yourself!" said 1.
" vVho taught that thing to talk so well?" I asked.
"That 'thing,' as you call it, is one of our greatest teachers. It
is the most perfect linguist in the world. I t talks all languages,
and what's more it speaks each accurately. Sit down and listen."
I sat down, \V. B. gave me a book, and as I read or followed the
words, the 'thing' pronounced each syllable slow and distinct.
"Why," said I, " I could learn French without even going
to Hull. What's it for anyhow? "
" To teach, as I told you. In Scranton we have Professors
of all languages. Books from primer to readers are prepared in
lessons. The Professor reads each lesson into the phonograph.
and the cylinders are sent out to pupils in all parts of the world.
The languages are thus learned much more readily and accuratdy
than by any other means."
"Great teacher is the phonograph-but tell us something
about your school. I've often heard about it, but only in a gen-
eral way."
" In 1891, Thomas J. Foster invented the svstem of instruct-
ing by means of text books, sent to students, no matter how far

Cemeteries.

14 1

distant. The student prepares his lessons as though to recIte
orally, and right here is the difference-and advantage. He
writes them, and it is a well known fact that nothing so firmly
fastens in the mind a truth as to write it. These written lessons
are sent to Scranton, corrected-if need be-advice given, and the
subject made plain, and returned. All branches are taught by
a corps of 2,500 competent teachers. Young men who have not
th..: tIme or means for a college course, may go right on with their
work, studying at night and at l.eisure moments, and in a few
months time are capable of taking a position far above the one
they might have been compelled-by incompetency-to follow, the
rest of life."
" Tell me about the growth of the School. That is the best
proof of its proper system."
" Here are a few things. It employs 3,200 people. It sends
out over 15,000 pieces by mail ever day. Using as it does $500
in stamps daily, it has made Scranton a first-class post office,
along with N ew York, Philadelphia, Boston, etc. Thirteen years
ago it had one course of instruction, and enrolled its first student.
I t now has 152 courses and over 700,000 names on the roll. It
has some of the finest buildings in Scranton; one just completed
cost $500,000. It has more young men filling high salaried posi-
tions than any other school in the world. This last fact is ,Mr.
Foster's proudest claim. He has made the world happier by his
being, and happier himself for it! "
IVlr. G. A. Weese, of Bancroft, Ont., has charge of the Ot-
ta wa office.
l\1r. F. T. Rawley, of Montreal, looks after the Quebec towns
along the Ottawa River.
Many a member of the N ew York Press Club will be pleaserl
to hear this about "VV. B.," and not only the Press Club, but all
throughout the States, where he was well known, when with
Major Pond and the Redpath Lyceum Bureau, of Boston, as
assistant manager. He was with Bill Nye, James Whitcome
Riely, Remenyi, Ian IVlcLaren (Dr. vVatson), Ovide
Iusin, aud
many others of world note.
He is very pleased with Ottawa, in fact, with all Canada, but
then W. B. always was a man quick to appreciate beauty in coun-
try and worth in people.

CEMETERIES.

Ottawa has two beautiful cemeteries-Beechwood and Notre
Dame. They lie to the east of the city. In both there are some
very beautiful monuments and vaults. Some of the fine monu-
ments and vaults in Notre Dame are the Rogers, Mackay, Good-
win, Warnock, Macdonald, Major, Brophy and Davis. Among

14 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

those in Beech wood are the Masonic Plot, J. R. Booth, Philip
Thompson, Nicholas Flood Davin, Thos. Birkett, M.P., Colonel
Allan Gilmour, Senator Clemow, Nicholas Slater, Hon. Thos.
:McKay, S. Howell, D. Ralph Bell, John C. Edwards. The last
four are vaults.

HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS.

Ottawa has eleven hospitals, and nearly as many asylums
nd
homes of all kinds, for children and old men and women. I t is
most commendable to see the care that is taken of those who need
kindly attention. It makes one feel that Ottawa is not only a
beautiful, but a most benevolent city; nor is this kindly care each
for the other of its people peculiarly Ottawan; even small Cana-
dian towns look to the care of its citizens. Our" poorhouses JJ
are unknown here. The unfortunate one is not made to feel that
h<> or she is the ward of the country or city. In heart sympathy
Canada is far in advance of our country.
Benevolent and fraternal societies are very numerous in the
cities. Their Excellencies, Lord and Lady Minto take great in-
terest in charities and good works in Ottawa, The Aberdeen
Association, of which the Countess of Minto is Honorary Presi-
dent, has for its object the supplying of good literature to the new
settlers in Canada, especially in the North-west Territories. Then,
there are literary, scientific, medical, and all kinds of associations
and societies.
The Humane Society, after our Bergh system, is doing much
good. I have seen here what I have never seen elsewhere, little
drinking troughs along the sidewalks for thirsty dogs. This one
thing marks Ottawa as a most humane city, and I would that the
custom were general. It costs so little, and would be a boon to
"man's truest friend," of which" friend" Ottawa and Constan-
tinople promise to become rivals.
The care shown by the Ottawans, not only toward each othèr,
but toward the lower animals, places them far up on the plane of
excellence, and makes the casual stranger admire them, and the
rest of us love them, for their kindness of heart.
I find myself becoming quite enthusiastic over these citizens
of Canada's Washington, and you would not wonder at it if vou
knew them.
Dr. H. Beaumont Small recently read before the Ottawa
1Iedical-Chirurgical Society, as the President's address, a most
admirable paper on

By town Doctors.

143

THE DOCTORS OF OLD BYTOWN DAYS,
in which paper I find the names of men, for whom a tablet of re-
memberance should be placed in the new Carnegie LÒrary, as
none are so worthy as they, who during the hardships of those
early times, did so much for the builders of the future Capital.
l\Ionuments are reared for the warriors, who leave suffering
in their wake, while men whose lives are spent in relieving suf-
fering, are all too soon forgotten, when the grave hides them
from sight.
The Doctor told of the epidemics of Asiatic cholera in 1832,
'34, '49 and 18 54; the typhus fever of 1847; and the ague-since
changed in name to malaria, but the "shakes" remain the same-
which shook the builders of the canal until their bones seemed
all but out of joint .
In that paper, which the Doctor kindly loaned me, I gleaned
much of general interest. and found many names-some familiar,
others now unknown, save to the few, and by them almost fo:--
gotten.
In the following order I find the Doctors, who lived and prac-
ticed in By town, from its origin in 1826, to its demise on Jan. 1st,
18 55.
There were a number who were transitory, at the military
barracks, and then were off to other stations, but the first regular
practicioner was the famous
Dr. Alexander J as. Christie}
who came in 1826, and died in 1843, aged 53 years. He was an-
other of "the first to secure a town lot in Upper Town," at the
North-\Vest corner of vVellington and Lyon Streets. It was
known as Wm. Stewart's house. He afterwards built a large
stone honse, nearly opposite Christ Church Cathedral, in the rear
of 399 Sparks Street. In the war of 1812 he was an army SUï-
geon, and was wounded in the thigh while on duty, which resulted
in a limp for the rest of his life. He established the By town
Gazette in 1836. It was the first paper in town, but one-Jas.
Johnson's Independent, of 18 34.
Dr. James Stewart
came next, in 1827, and remained until, his death in 1848. He re-
sided on Rideau Street, almost opposite Kicholas Street. He
was very successful and very popular, holding during his life
many prominent offices. He was a member of the first Board of
Health. He was Coroner in 1845. Dr. Small says that Stewart
Street was named for him--others claim that it was named far
the well known vVm. Stewart, :M.P.-by whose! resolution By town
was incorporated in 1847. Dr. Stewart married the widow of
Captain Lett, father of Wm. P. Lett. His daughter became 11r5.
MacCraken, mother of Mr. J. 1. MacCraken, a leading Ottawa
barrister.

144

Ottawa, The Hub.

Prior to 1830, there were other doctors in By town, but of
whom Dr. Small could find little mention. They were Drs.
Tuthill, Rankin, Gillie and l\icQueen.
Dr. Tuthill
came with Co!. By in 1826, as an Assistant-Ordnance Surgeon.
He remained in charge of the .wlilitary Hospital until 18 3 2 .
Dr. John Ed'Lt'. Ranktn
was in charge of the workmen on the canal. He was not here
long-returning to England. He was an Army Surgeon in the
Crimean war in 1854-which same year he returned to Canada,
and settled in Picton, Ontario. where he died in 1878, aged 8I.
Dr. J. D. Gillie
resided near the south-west corner of Sparks and Lyon Streets,
at 342 Sparks. He was an intimate friend of Dr. Christie, whose
son, 1\lr. John Christie, has a quaint old silver snuff box, present-
ed to his father, by "his friend Dr. Gillie." He died in the latc
thirties.
Dr. Thomas Fraser McQueen,
came in 1827. During the Cholera Epidemic in 1832, he with
Dr. Scott, of Prescott, had charge of the cholera sheds from
Cornwall to Brockville, in which latter city he died in 1860. lIe
married a daughter of Colonel Fraser, IVLP., of Fraserville, who
is now living in Ottawa.
N ext we find one of the most eccentric characters, who ever
lived in By town,
Dr. Edw. VanCourtlandt.
He came in 1832. 394 vVellington Street was his residence, and
was looked upon at that time as a mansion. He died in 1875.
If we may take Wm. P. Lett's word for it, the old Dr. must
have had a lonesome time on the" other side" when he got there,
unless he depended for a welcome upon the late patients of other
doctors, for see:
"When to that distant coast he'll steer,
No crowd of ghosts will hover near,
And cry out 'Van, you sent us here!' "
Viewing the situation from the distance of over a quarter of
a cE.ntury:
'Twould be, F d think, a dangerous guess,
For Will-i-um to make,
Toe' en suggest that Van could U steer JJ
To U coasts JJ
Where (t ghosts JJ
In U hosts JJ
Would know and make-outcries of fear.

By town Doctors.

145

Dr. H amnett Hill
first came to the township of J\.1arch, in 1837, where he practic
d
until 1841, when he came to By town, and resided first at what
is now 425 vVellington Street, and later at the corner of Broad and
vVellington, which home was destroyed by the fire of 1900. From
the data given and the interesting features of Dr. Hill's life and
works, I cannot but look upon him as one of the great physicians
and surgeons of all this country of able men.

Dr. Samuel John Stratford
came to By town in 1831. In 1832; he was placed in charge of the
Military Hospital, during the cholera epidemic. He left in 18 3 6 ,
went first to Woodstock and later to Toronto. He was writ
r,
lecturer, and editor, as well as physician. He died in New
Zealand.
Dr. Alfred Monson.
followed Stratford in 1836, and was given charge of the Garrison
in By town, which position he held until 1852, when he left for
J'vlontreal, and later went to Hamilton and Toronto.

Dr. Frederick Monson,
brother of Alfred, came here in 1839, remained until 1845, then
went to l\IIontreal, and later settled in Niagara.

Dr. Stephen Charles Sewell}
a McGill College lecturer, came to By town in 1852, and remained
until his death in 1865. He was Consulting Surgeon to the Pro-
testant and General Hospital. His residence was the house next
to the Perley Home on Wellington Street, formerly occupied by
Dr. Hill.
Besides the above, Dr. Small mentions by name, Drs. Barry.
Robinson, St. Jean, O'Hare, Holmes, Lecroix, Robillchand and
Beaubien,' but says, that of them there was little to be learned.
Of the first named, if I were asked to speak, a la Lett from
facts gained from that old time versifier, I might say:
Ed ward Barry gets one full page
Of story, suited quite for modern stage.
Now Ed., you see, was J.P.-M.D.
--Both titles now, too oft M-T-
And for himself put both to use--
In fact he'd often both abuse}
When J.P.'d get "dry" M.D.'d prescribe,
When M.D. was "full" J.P.'d proscribe,
And read to all the law would he,
And send all three to Coventry.

14 6

Ottawa J The Hub.

(( If you were asked/ J said the Colonel, "I don't think after
that, that you will be." He is so critical.
The foregoing is but a hurried glance over a paper, that does
great credit to Dr. Small-a paper that should be seen by eve 1 "y
on(', who has any interest in the old town and its people.
Besides the Doctors, he wrote also of the Early Hospitals,
the incorporators, the Boards of Health, bringing in names indel-
ibly engraven into the history of those days. The Doctor in
speaking of the Hospitals said: "By town was favored from its
very foundation." Colonel By, on his arrival with his little army
of workmen, at once erected a Military Hospital, on the site whe.i.'e
now stands the Statue of Queen Victoria, on Parliament-
then Barracks-Hill. In 1845, the General Hospital was estab-
lished by the Grey Nuns, from Hotel Dieu, Montreal. The first
Hospital. was a frame building on St. Patrick Street, near Sussex.
The building is still to be seen as numbers 163 to 169. This was
used until 1847, when the epidemic of typhus fever, necessitat.
d
greater accommodation. The new building was erected on the site
of the present Hospital on Water Street.
Read over these grand old names and see the men of affairs,
who lived here, almost at the very inception of the town. They
are the

First Board of Health.
Reverends S. S. Strong (father of the Judge), W m. Durie,
Thos. Wardrobe and lVlr. Telmon; Dùctors J-Iill, Monson,
Van Courtlandt and Barry; Simon Fraser (Sheriff), Daniel
O'Connor, Joseph Aumond, Edw. Smith, John Burrows, Andrew
Drummond, Geo. Patterson and Geo. Sumner. Sheriff Fraser
was Chairman, and Rev. S. S. Strong was Secretary.

Incorporators of the Carleton County General Hospital.
John J\1cKinnon (son-in-law of Hon. Thos. McKay), Geo.
Patterson, Wm. Stewart, M.P., Dr. Hamnett Hill, Archibald
Foster, Roderick Ross ("Roderick of the Sword") Robert Hen
y,
jr., J as. MacCraken, sr., Francis Abbott, Thos. Langrcll, Thos.
Hunton, Richard Stethem, Geo. B. Lyon, Wm. Harte Thompson,
Hon. Thos. McKay, John Thompson, Edw. Malloch, Jas. Pea-
cock, Geo. Hay (present President of the Bank of Ottawa);. Alex.
M. Grant, vVm. Porter, Henry McCormac, John Forgie, Edw.
Armstrong (The Judge), Jas. Rochester, Carter A. Burpee, Edw.
Sherwood (father of the Col.), Dawson Kerr and Thos. G. Burns.

Rube Learns About Styles.

147

THE OTTAWA STEP.

" Colonel, what have you noted as unique in Ottawa?" I ask-
ed, one beautiful day, on Sparks Street.
" What? A number of points,-but none so marked as that
Ottawa Step."
" 'Ottawa Step.' Give it up. \Vhat is that?"
" Why, have you not "noted the walk of the ladies? Did you
ever see such grace and firmness of step? They move as though
they had an aim in life, and few there be who glide along pur-
poseless. I have never seen in any city more grace of movement
than in Ottawa. That, to me, is what I note as most unique."
" Colonel, now that you mention it, I must confess that I, too,.
have noticed it. To what do you attribute it?"
"Skating. Skating, Rube, gives a grace and firmness of step

acquired in no other way, and since all Ottawans skate-as in no
other Canadian City is it so general-it follows that the Otta\va
Step is unique, and I like it. Especially is it remarked among
those who play hockey, curling and golf. And note, too, Rube,
the excellent taste shown in the dressing of the ladies."
vVhen the ladies are in question I always bow to the Colonel's
opinion,-and in this case to bow was most natural.
I have seen few cities where the correct in dress is more
noticeable than in Ottawa. This is especially remarked at Gov-
ernment House functions, or in Parliament, on State occasions.
where may be seen gowns which only" Parisian dreams" will
justly describe. But what, however, is possibly a better guide to
the correct is the millinery, since gowns are becoming individual
" creations."
" Joe," I asked of J. O. Bourcier, " Joe, I want to know how
the millinery styles of Canada in general, and Ottawa in par-
ticular, compare with those of N ew York?"
"They are practically the same. Were you to be dropped
into either city, and not know to which you were coming, you
conld tell no difference from the millinery of the ladies.
"\Vhy, the fact is, that most of onr fashions come directly
from N ew York, the extreme styles of both cities come from Paris,
You have doubtless noted that Ottawa is remarkable for the
or-
rectness in dress, of both the ladies and gentlemen?"
"Odd, but that is almost the exact thought that was in my
mind when I called in for your opinion."
" Yes, it is often remarked by those who visit the varimls
cities of the continent, that Ottawans are good dressers; there is
much wealth here, and the concomitant good taste makes of the
Capital a very pleasing city to visit. But for that matter most of
onr cities have of recent years kept pace with our neighbors across
the line. In all our Canadian branches we carry practically the
same line of goods, the styles being the same in each."

14 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

" One thing, Rube," broke in " Chick" Gordon, who had been
listening to Joe expatiate on fashions in millinery, " the Canadian
girl looks more to taste than to the extremes in style; you seldom
see poor dressing while good taste is the rule."
" Chick is right," said the Colonel, " good taste is the rule;
even Bulwer would have had but little criticism to make in
Ottawa."
H Why Bulwer?" asked Joe.
" Don't you remember what he said in Pelham? 'The cor-
rect in dress pleases without attracting attention,' and that we have
often remarked in Ottawa."
From dress, taste and fashion, the conversation ran along
until it had reached " the one thing necessary" :

U W ea/th-M oney."
I soon learned what I had not known before.
"Do you know," asked Joe, "that Ottawa has more rich
young men than any place of its size on the continent? \'Yell, it
has," and then he began naming young men who in their own right
have from "plenty of money" up to one half to a million, "and/'
he continued, " while some of them are unnecessarily" near," m05t
of them are free with their means, and none of them are spend-
thrifts. Again, we have no leisure class. The young men. are
nearly all actively engaged in business."
I could not help thinking of another Ottawan who, when taik-
ing on the same subject, said: " We have in the valley a few wham
\V. H. Fuller, a former well-known Ottawa poet, must have had
in mind when he wrote that prize poem in Munsey's for Februa.YJ
one verse of which ran thus:-

up in Mars.
" It really makes them stare,
When they see a millionaire,
Who devotes himself to hoarding up his pelf;
He works himself to death,
With scarce time to catch his breath,
And gets mighty little pleasure from his wealth.
They manage those things better up in Mars,
And probably the same in other Stars;
They hold money's only use is
For the good that it produces-
That's what they think about it, up in Mars."
He might have gone further, and said of him who looks upon
wealth simply as so much money to buy selfish necessities and no
luxuries :-

Young Al en in Business.

149

In that which smacks of art,
He takes mighty little part,
And looks down upon the man whose aims are high.
If you'd ask for art a lift,
You would find his only gift,
"VVould be a heavy, long-drawn, tired sigh.
This man would not be It, up in 1\Iars,
And probably fare worse in other Stars,
It would seem to them too funny,
To make a god of money,
So he'll have to migrate elsewhere than to J\lars.
Young !vI en in Business.
Apropos of young men in business, Ottawa has, in !'vir. S.
McDougall, the youngest city bank manager in Canada. He is
the son of ,Mr. J. L. J\IcDougall, Auditor General of the Dominion,
and thus, by inheritance, competent.
The Sovereign Bank, of which he is local manager, is prac-
tically conducted by young men, the General l\Ianager, Mr.. D. M.
Stewart, is himself but thirty-three years of age. The marvelous
strides which this young institution has made, and is making,
proves what the Canadian boys may do. It is but a little over two
years old, and with a capital of $1,300,000, and a reserve of
$3 2 5,000, it had assets of over eight million dollars at the end af
the second year.
I used to wonder why it was that the Canadian boys neve1.
had any trouble in getting a situation in New York. It was like
this. Boy enters office, store, or warehouse, .. Good-morning.
I'm looking for a situation! "
" Nothing for you to-(. _y," boy starts away, when employer
calls: " where are you from?"
" Canada! "
" Oh, well, wait a minute, I'll see," and the boy goes to work
next day. I asked a big employer once. "\Vhy this preference?"
He gave a wise look as he said: " The Canadian boy likes to keep
at it! He is absolutely honest; then he has a whole lot of good
sense, and soon learns and becomes valuable. I \Vhile other boys-
too many of them-are busy having a good time, the young
Canuck is busy thinking out the best way of becoming useful to
us. That's why the preference! Do you know," he continued,
"that some of our most successful business men are Canadian
born? You see they come down here with their good constit'l-
tions-(you know they are nearly all athletic and tough, can stand
anything )-and our swift ways of doing business don't tire them
out, result, in two or three years time they are in the maelstrom.
the great scathing whirl of business, and can stand it, while the
boys who were looking- for the " good time" have found it, and
are stilI having it." He was an enthusiast on the Canadian boy,
and said many other good things about him.

15 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

From !Jlessenger Boys to CaPitalists!
The "boys," however, from whose good works Ottawa has
perhaps benefitted more than any others, are lVlr. Thomas Ahearn
and :Mr. W. Y. Soper. From telegraph messengers, they have

by their own unaided efforts, not only gained unique success ior
themselves, but have done incalculable good for the Capital. Be-
ginning as messenger boys, they became expert telegraphers-anJ
then developed into electricians without peers in the Dominion.
In speaking of his start in life, 1\1r. Ahearn once said: .. I
started as a messenger boy, and am proud of it! I tried to do
my work well-I never loitered by the way-I did not have time,
as I needed every minute to perfect myself in telegraphy. The
boy who loiters by the way, when sent on an errand, too often re-
mains the errand boy throughout life." There's a whole sermon
in that sentence!
When but a youth of 18" he went to New York City, went as
an expert with the Western Union. He was there on the memo;-
able" Black Friday," when fortunes melted away in an hour, aye
as frost in a breath. In 1881, with 11r. Soper, he started an
electrical business. Started in a very small way, but the boys
with a purpose became the men of success.

First to Cope With Snow.
Ottawa's snail line of cars attracted their attention, as it had
attracted the attention of others-but the others had seen the snDW
of winter, and, looked upon the running of cars by electricity, dm--
ing the winter months, as an impossibility. No place in the world
had successfully cODed with snow of any depth. In fact it was
only in Richmond, Virginia, and possibly a few other places,
where the trolley had proved a success
even under the most fav-
orable climatic conditions. But what to the others was an im-
possible barrier, was to Messrs. Ahearn & Soper, a solvable prob-
lem. They became the pioneers in running cars snccessfully ill
countries of heavy snow-fall. Montreal, with its tinkling horse
cars, stood critically waiting to see their efforts fail-but gladly
saw them succeed, and with many another snow city quickly fol-
lowed their lead. By that one stroke, Ottawa was carried, in
latitude, far to the South, as the snow barrier of other days is no
more a barrier than are the snows of Virginia. No part of the
50 miles of Ottawa's trolley system but may be traversed dnring
the heaviest snow storm.
To this car system, to-day, the Capital owes much of its
beauty, where at its inception were fields, are now seen fin

avenues, lined by pretty homes, brought near to the heart of the
city by reason of it. And not only have new avenues been made
possible and accessible, but many of the other parts of Ottawa
have been greatly improved by it.

PART II.

FOREWORD re PATRONS.

In " The Hub and The Spokes," the author has taken a new
departure. It will be published under Patronage-Patronage by
Approval of his other Canadian books.
Of those who have paid him so high a compliment, he will
ever think kindly, and strive to merit their confidence.
In selecting Patrons, he sought not alone Canadians, but some
of the great men of his own country were chosen.-One from the
East-one from the Center, and a third from the far West.
He has been asked why he has chosen Patrons from his own
land, for a Canadian work. A great man-himself a Canadian
by adoption-recently wrote this sentence to the author, which
may well be used as the answer to the query: "It is gratifying
to know that you are continuing the good work, in which you
have occupied yourself for some years, of making the people of
Canada and the people of the United States better acquainted
with each other."
This is the one all absorbing desire of the author, to bring
the two peoples in closer sympathy-not politically, but neigh-
borly. Weare one in sentiment, one in language, and should go
hand in hand for good. In selecting Patrons from either side of
the line, it will do some good-be that never so little-toward cn-
gendering a kindly feeling between the two countries.
If it is gratifying to the great man, whose sentence has been
quoted above, how much more so is it to the author, to know that
his efforts have been appreciated by one whom his nation delights
in honoring. It is moreover most gratifying to the author, to
hear from some remote corner of his own country, the words:
" Your story of Canada is a revelation-we had thought of it as
a cold barren land, when instead, you show us a land of marvel-
ous beauty, where mountain rivals lake, river and plain, where
flowers grow in rich profusion, and where the horn of plenty is
ever o'erflowing for a happy contented people." Should that
writer see the names of the great men of his own country, who
have approved the author's works, he would think even more of
the story of this North land. That is why the Patrons were
chosen from the two sides of the line. That is why the author asked
the approval of men of eminence of the two countries.

PART SECOND.

PATRONS.

LORD MINTO.
Canada has been singularly fortunate in the men sent out
from England to represent the Crown. These Governors General
have been, with rare exceptions, most pleasing to Canada, few
being so much so as the present Governor, Lord Minto, whose
term is so shortly to end.
The Earl of l\linto, Gilbert John Murray Kynynmond Elliot,
G.C.1\I.G., D.L., J.P., was born July 9th, 1845. He is the son of
the third Earl, whom he succeeded in 1891.
He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge (B,A,), and
entered the Scots Guards in 1867, retiring in 1870 with the rank
of lieutenant. He was for ten years Brigadier-General in com-
mand of the South of Scotland Infantry (1888 to 1898.) He has
had a military experience extending over many parts of the Bri-
tish Empire. In 1877 we find him in the Turkish army; in 1879
taking part in the Afghan war; in r881 as private secretary to
General Lord Roberts at the Cape; and in 1883 to 1885, military
secretary to the Governor General of Canada, 1\1arquis of Lans-
downe. He was chief of staff in the Riel Rebellion in the North-
west (1885).
In 1898 he was appointed to succeed the Earl of Aberdeen as
Governor General of Canada. This was a difficult task, follow-
ing as he did the Aberdeens, who were immensely popular, but so
well have the 1\1intos succeeded, that they will leave Canada uni-
versally beloved by the people of all the Dominion.
" l\Iary Caroline is the fourth daughter of the late General,
the Hon. Charles Grey, son of the second Earl Grey, K.G., private
secretary to Queen Victoria, and his wife Caroline Eliza, elde5t
daughter of Sir T, H. Farquhar, Bart." Thus 1\Iorgan intro-

154

Ottawa, The Hub.

duces the Countess of Minto, wife of the Governor General of
Canada. vVhile" Countess" is her title, democratic Canada
knows and lovingly calls her

Lady lr! into.
I have no means of knowing the popularity of other incumbents
of Rideau Hall, but I have never seen a woman, in any station,
more generally esteemed than is this charming lady, and her
going away seems to be a universal regret.
Lady 11into, as may be seen in other portions of this volume,
has taken an active part in all that interests her people. both in
pleasure and for good. Her work in the erection of Cottage H:)s-
pitals in remote districts (to the fund for which she subscribed
Iiberal1y) ; the fund she instituted for the location, protection and
decoration of the graves of Canadians who fell in the service of
the Empire in South Africa, during the Boer war; the help she
gave to the lVIinto wing of the Maternity Hospital in Ottawa ;
her medals and prizes given for the ornamentation of the flower
garden of this city; the encouragement she has given to art gen-
erally, all tend to show what she has been to Canada.
The part she has taken may be further seen by the numerous
offices she has honored by accepting. She is Honorary President
of the Aberdeen Association, Honorary President of the Victoridn
Order of Nurses, Honorary President of the National Council úf
vVomen, and Honorary President of the Canadian League of
Civic Improvement.
Lady 1\1:into is well known to our own people, among whom
she has, and will ever, receive a cordial welcome. She has been
received in audience by President 1\:1cKinley, and since, by Pr'2si-
dent Roosevelt.
No one has ever done so much for skating in Canada as have
Lord and Lady Minto. Of this I have written at length else-
where.
Their home in England, to which they wiII soon return, is
Minto House, one and a half miles from Hawick, in Roxburgh-
shire. It is near to the border of Scotland, and of the localitv
chosen by Scott for his" Lay of the Last Minstrel," if one may
judge by:
"In Hawick twinkled many" a light,
Behind them soon they set in night;
And soon he spurr'd his courser keen
Beneath the tower of Hazeldean."
This of Deloraine's night ride on his mission to the monk" In
l\1:elrose's holy pile." Then, again:
" Elliots and Armstrongs never fai1."

Lord and Lady Minto.

155

And:

" Young Gilbert, let our beacon blaze,
Our kin, and clan, and friends to raise."
Both Lord and Lady l\linto have literary ability, His Excellency
having contributed largely to magazines, on military matters, while
Her Excellency has contributed to English magazines on Canõt-
dian life, more especially on outdoor sports, skating, toboggan-
ning, &c.
Rideau Hall, during the winter months, has been the centre
of life in Ottawa, and one cannot but think that whoever follows
these charming people will have a precedent of pleasure giving
most difficult to follow.
Just before the proroguing of Parliament, an official fareweìl
took place. The kindly sentiment toward their Excellencies may
be seen by the speeches of the two leaders of the House.
The Premier, in speaking of His Excellency, said:
"He is a man most unflinching in the performance of his
duty. Nothing can move him from what he conceives to be right.
In all things he has been a model constitutional Governor,
maintaining at all times the dignity of the Crown, and never for-
getting the rights of the people. He was not satísfied only to
perform his duties in a merely perfunctory manner, but he took
the trouble to go out and to get in close touch with the people.
He visited different sections of the country. He was approached
by all classes, and I am not speaking too strongly when I say that
if it was possible to do so. he has drawn the Crown even nearer
to the hearts of the people than ' it was before.

Gracious Virtues.
" Neither should we, upon such an occasion as this, forget
Her Excellency, the Countess of :Minto. The Countess of Minto
has brought to Government House all the virtues which have
adorned the Court of the late Queen Victoria, and which ar'" now
maintained so worthily by Her Majesty Queen Alexandra. (Ap-
plause.) It is true that all these virtues have ever been conspi-
cuous at Government House, but it is only true to say also that in
the Countess of Minto, in the present incumbent of that positi-
n,
those virtues shine with a special grace and charm, Her Ex
d-
lency did not confine herself to fulfilling the duties of the social
side of her station, but she went amongst the people and end
a-
vored to alleviate suffering, and to bring the comforts of life and
home to those who were homeless and comfortless. The fact that
she has established the institution of cottage hospitals, which ha'le
been scattered all over the countrv, is in itself enough to end

r
her memory forever to the Canadian people." (Loud applause.)

15 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

1\Ir. R. L. Borden, the Opposition leader, heartily concurred
in all the Premier had said, saying Lord and Lady Minh") had en-
tered into the life of the Canadian people in all its details.

Unalterable Loyalty.
The address, in part, said:
" We beg that when you deliver up to the King the charge
committed to your hands by our late revered sovereign lady,
Queen Victoria, you will not fail to assure His IVlajesty of the un-
alterable loyalty and devotion of the people of Canada to the
throne, and their abiding affection for the motherland."

A NAME THAT WILL LIVE.

Did you ever think what a strange thing is reputation? It io;
one's character, either good or bad. If bad, it is soon known tar
and wide; but when good, it travels very slowly. There is so
mu,::h of jealousy in the world that it takes a great force to drive
one man past his fellows. This is both sad and discouraging, and
yet, in a way, it is just and proper. The world must have lead-
ers, and it should have the best leaders. If it were easy for the
mediocre to get past his fellows, there would be few really great
men at the front.
I t is said that: " Some men are born great, others have great-
ness thrust upon them." He who said this, said-in part-only
words, if he meant that the act of thrusting greatness upon a m1.l1
made him, by the act, great. If it were true, then the beggar
might be made a king, while in fact-in heart and manner-he
would be the beggar still, a mere thing of flesh wearing a crown.
The other part of the sentence is true. Great men are born
o.
They may be born poor-they very often are-but there is within
them that which drives them to the front, past all obstacles. Op-
portunity, or its lack, may hold them back for a time, but when it
comes they are ready. When opportunity came, Grant stepped
into position, and relegated pigmies in uniform to the rear. What
was impossible for them was easy for him. He was born with
ability,

Lord Strathcona.

157

All lands have their leaders. England has its great men,
the United States its men of worth, Canada has its men of power.
\Vere you ever in l\Iexico, and did you stand on some high
elevation and look over a vast forest, and did you ever note some
giant mahogany towering far above its mates? There was 110
question, for though many of those mates were tall and stately,
that one tree stood above them all, and in their way they must
have paid sylvan homage to the giant.
As this is true of the forest, so it is true of men. \Ve close
our eyes, and in mental vision see the giants of every nation loom-
ing up.
I have often visited art galleries, and looked upon row after
row of pictures of men whose past prominence had merited th
m
a place upon those walls of fame, and yet, as I looked, I could f;ee
only an occasional name even remotely familiar, while all others
were forgotten. He who would live with his portrait through
time must work for the happiness, rather than for the momentary
applause of his fellows.
* * * * *
I wrote the above long ago. I wondered then would I ev.-=r
meet and know a man that preface would fit. I read them to _he
rich. I read them to the poor. I read them to the hiO"h in state.
I read them to those of low degree. I asked in Canada: " Have
you such an one?" There was but a single answer, for all said:
" We have such an one, and

Lord Strathcona
is the man." And when I met and knew him, it was a joy to say:
" The answer is a true one."
The Duke of Argyle once said of him: " No man of Canada
ever did so much, as a private citizen, for the making of the
Dominion into a nation." He might well have left ()11t of .:he
sentence those words: " as a private citizen." Some men are true
to narty first-country second. vVith this great citizen it is coun-
try first and always.
The years have been many since 1821, when Donald A.
Smith began life in Morayshire, Scotland, but the mind of the
man, now Lord Strathcona and l\lount Royal is as clear as ever,
while his judgment is more mature, and both are still at work for
Canada.
A famous man once said of him: "I knew him as Donald A.
Smith, I knew him as Sir Donald, I have known him as Lo
'd
Strathcona, and in all the years he has ever been the same genial
character-titles and honors not changing him in the least."
In my book on 11:ontreal, I told bits here and there of his
busy life. To have told it fully would have required a large
volume-which volume I may some day write, as an incentive to

15 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

young men, to show them the possibilities of what man may do
endowed with an indomitable will, and a heart that beats for his
fellowmen.
In our country millionaires are giving away fortunes every
year, and our country but smiles at the gifts, with no love for the
givers-for love prompts not the gifts; whilst all over Canada,
prayers go up nightly for the benefaction of this great man, {or
heart alone prompts his gifts, both great and small, gifts hun-
dreds of which will never be known, save to them whose hearts
he has made happier.
To the millions who know the man or his worth, I need say
no more; to those who know him not, I will but say: " Here is one
whose name will be fresh in the hearts of his people, long after
his portrait shall have faded from its canvas."
In the largeness of his liberality, Lord Strathcona is like t1n
o
Peabody, and in the spirit of his giving, much like the late Geo.
\V. Childs, and holds the place, in the hearts of Canadians, that
Helen Gould holds in the affections of all Americans.
\Vith many the highest order of man is the hospitable. This
attribute embodies so much-kindness of heart, love for human-
ity, and liberality of entertainment. Lord Strathcona is the very
personification of Highland hospitality-stronger words would be
hard to find, and words less expressive would not fit the man.

SIR SANDFORD FLEMING.

If all men were born equal, this would be a world of giants or
pigmies, if either extremes were taken as the standard. I often
wonder how it is that in one little world there can be differences
so vast. Creatures there are, so small in mental capacity that
thousands, aye millions, might drop out of being and yet the world
not note their going. Then again, we see a single other creature,
whose years are so full of that which advances the world's good,
that his works will live long ages after he has gone. When I
find such a man as this,-a ma.n whose years are replete with ac-
complishment, I have a great desire to steal space and tell of him,
that perchance there may be those who have not known of him
before. He whose name heads my sketch is stranger to few
Canadians, nor is he unknown to him who has fo1I9wed the

Sir Sandford Fleming.

159

world men of deeds, I write not of Father Time, but the Father
of Time-of

Standard Time.
l\lany who read these lines wiII be surprised to know that in
Ottawa dwells the man whose persistency changed the clocks of
the world. It was Sir Sandford Fleming, who first saw the
need of a time system, that would be general the world over. At
first he was given scant courtesy, but oh, mark the change. The
men, in England, who refused to listen to his words, when he had
travelled across the ocean to speak to them, afterwards crossed
to America to hear him talk, and they listened, for he talked to a
purpose, and to-day the clock that strikes the hour at Greenwkh,
sounds round the globe.

The Pacific Cable
is another child of the Scotch genius, in whose indomitable will
was conceived, and through whose persistent purpose was born
this mighty accomplishment, and possibly before his sun shall have
set he may read, " Tis done," flashed round the world on cables
of the British Empire.
It was Sir Sandford Fleming who ran the line of the Inter-
colonial Railway from Halifax to l\10ntreal. It was Sir Sand-
ford Fleming whose chain marked the way for the great Cana-
dian Pacific, thus completing the belt across the Continent.
Sir Sandford Fleming was born at Kirkcaldy, Fifeshire,
Scotland, January 7th, 1827. He came to Canada in 1845. In
18 57 he was Chief Engineer of the Northern Railway. In 1863
the people of the Red River country, (now l\Ianitoba), sent him
to England to urge a connection with Eastern Canada. On his
return he was appointed to conduct the survey of the Intercol-
onial Railway, with which he remained until the last spike was
driven. In 1871 he was made Chief Engineer of the Pacific
Railway, and the initial work on the transcontinental line was doae
by him. The highest engineering authority of the day-PaIlisl
r
-pronounced the idea of securing a route through the Rocky
l\Iountains, an impossible task. The master mind of Sir Sandford
solved the problem, and found a way-proving him even greatl
r
than a Pallisier. In 1872 he laid out the line across Newfound-
land for the railway from S1. John's to St. George.

Honors for Worth.
He was made a C.:M.G. in 1877 and in 1897 a K.C.l\1.G. In
IS80 he was made Chancellor of Queen's University, Kingston,
and has held the honor ever since. In 1882 he was given the free-
dom of Kirkcaldy Burghs. In 1884 he was given the degree of
LL.D. by St. Andrews University, and in 1887 was similary hon-

160

Ottawa, The Hub.

ored by Columbia College, New York City. In 1886 he was
a warded the Confederation Medal by the Governor General. [n
1888 he was made President of the Royal Society ùf
Canada. He is a member of the Institute of Civil Engineêfs,
England. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of Victona
Institute and numerous other societies.

Commissions.
He was sent to Venice in 1881 to represent the Canadian In-
stitute and American :Meteorological Society at the International
Congress. In 1884 he represented the Dominion at the Int
r-
national Prime Meridian Conference at \Vashington. In 1887
he represented Canada at the Colonial Confederation in London.
In 1893 he went to Australia and England re the Pacific Cable.
In 1894' he was a member of the Colonial Conference in Ottawa-
a gathering first suggested by him.

Writings.
Sir Sandford is a prolific and most able writer. Among
1Ís
many works are "The Intercolonial-A. Historical Sketch,"
" Short Sunday Service for Travellers," " Daily Prayers for Busy
Households," "Uniform Standard Time," "A Cable across the
Pacific," "The Prime Meridian Question," "England and Can-
ada; Old to New Westminster," "Expedition to the Pacific,"
" Parliamentary vs. Party Government," &c., &c.

Saving of The Queen's Picture.
If, while in Ottawa, you should visit the House of Commons.
you will see there a beautiful painting of Queen Victoria, and
thereby hangs a story of deep interest. More than one half cen-
tury ago-<>r to be exact, April 25th, 1849-this picture hung in
the Parliament Buildings in i\10ntreal. On the morning of that
ill-fated day those buildings stood intact-the morning after they
lay in ruins. It was burned by an enraged mob. As the fire lick-
ed up the great building, four men might have been seen beatiug
their way through the flames to the Legislative Hall, where hung
the picture of the Queen, which had but shortly before been re-
ce
ed from England, where it had been painted by John Part-
ridge, portrait painter to Her Majesty. At sight of the portrait
of their beloved Queen, the four men with one impulse, rushc.l
to save it. The massive frame being firmly bolted to the wall, it
was with great difficulty detached. \Vhen at last it fell, the
stretching frame was quickly torn out, and each man under a cor-
ner, they carried it out into the air, and thus it was saved. On
the morning after these four brave men had risked their lives to
save the portrait, they were surprised to see, in a newspaper,

Sir Sandford Fleming.

161

giving an account of the fire, this item: "It is stated that the
valuable oil painting of the Queen was torn down and carried off
by four scoundrels." Sir Sandford Fleming was one of the four
and in this instance was proud of the subroquet. Not for many
years did he learn the names of the other three, all of whom are
now dead. They were Colonel Wiley, a JVlr. l\lcGilleray, of the
Eastern Townships, and the fourth an uncle of Colonel A. H.
Todd, of the Parliamentary Library.

Broadminded.
Like all great men, Sir Sandford is broadminded. When the
Ottawa University, in December last, met with its terrible dIS-
aster by fire, he, although a Presbyterian and it Roman Catholic,
was first to respond, not only by kinùly sympathy, but graciously
accepted the chairmanship of the general relief committee, and
when again we may look upon this great institution of learning.
risen phænix-like from its ashes, no small part of its prompt re-
building will be due to this man of heart and action.
Sir Sandford Fleming, like Lord Strathcona, is proverbial for
the beautiful wording of short notes and letters. Their reading
always gives good feeling, and they remain a pleasant memory.
Other letters may-on reading-be cast aside into the waste paper
basket, or burned on accumulation, but those of these two men
are laid away and kept for future pleasure.
Great men are ever kind to those beneath them. Said one
who served under this leader in the long survey across the con-
tinent: " It was ever a pleasure to do our best for one so kind as
Sir Sandford Fleming."
The London
f orning Post well classed him" In the first rank
of Colonial statesmen." And in concluding this necessarily brief
outline of a busy life of great deeds, I cannot do so in more fitting
words than were used by Canada's great citizen, Lord Strathco
la,
in speaking of Sir Sandford: " His name, that of a man who has
done great and good work, not alone for Canada, but for the Em-
pire as a whole." He might well have said: "Canada, the Em-
pire, and the world as a whole," for trne worth has no locality.

162

Ottawa, The Hub.

SIR FREDERICK Wl\I. BORDEN.

We had not been in Canada long before we had come to the
conclusion that the principal product of Nova Scotia and New
Brunswick was big men, and when we reached Ottav.-a,
and had one after another of the great ones of the Dominio'1
pointed out as "another from the Lower Provinces," we asked:
"V,/hy is this? "
" Oh, it's a habit grown chronic with that country. They
can't help it. ' \Vhat?' Oh, I see, yes, it must be that-you
ought to go down some time; fine fishing ground there!" Then
he pointed out several others of the product.
" See that tall, fine-looking gentleman to the right, near the
front?" Of course I saw him, as he was one you would see and
remark among many. " \Vell, that is Sir Frederick \Villiam
Borden, :Minister of Militia and Defence, He is from Nova
Scotia. "
Then, the old citizen, who knows everybody worth knowing,
told us so much about Sir Frederick that we became greatly in-
terested, and asked l\10rgan for data biographical.
"He is the son of the late Dr. Jonathan Borden, and was
born at CornwalJis, N.S., May 14th, 1847. Was educated at
King's College, \Vindsor (B.A. 1867). He afterward attended
Harvard l\Iedical Schoo], receiving his l\I.D, in 1868. Returning
to Nova Scotia, he practiced his profession at Canning, at the same
time acting as agent for the Halifax Banking Company. In
1893 he was appointed a member of the Provincial Board of
Health. In 1895 he was elected Vice-President of the Liberal
Association for the l\1aritime Provinces.
" While in College he entered the Volunteer l\lilitia Senice,
and in 186g was appointed Assistant Surgeon of the 68th King's
Company Battalion, was promoted Surgeon 1\lajor in 1883, and
in 1893 became Hon. Surgeon Lt.-Colonel.
" From 1874 to 1882 he sat in the Dominion House of Com-
mons for King's County. He "vas defeated at the next general
election, but in 1887 was returned, and has been re-elected each
general election since. When his party (Liberal) came into
power in 1896, he was appointed l\linister of l\lilitia and Defence."
Some men in office seem to be misfits. They can fill the
position in a way, but they can never bring ont the possibilities
of the place. Others seem born to the position, and could quickly
bring order out of chaos. Sir Frederick is one of these men. It
is agreed by all parties that the militia of Canada was never in so
good a condition as it is to-day. Every branch of this department
is fitted and running as smoothly as a finely-constructed piece of
machinery, and if to-morrow the 40,000 force of the Dominivl1
militia were called to war, every part could be ready to step into

The Canadìwl, a Natural Born Soldz'er.

163

place. The Engineering Corps to mark the way, the Service
Corps to bring up the supplies, the Intelligence Branch with
classified information, with its corps of Guides, and the Medical
Corps of competent young men to look after sick and wounded.
All elements of an army, and each element most admirably chos'
n
for the purpose of its being.
When the First Contingent was called for to go to South
Africa, it was enlisted fully equipped and on ship at Quebec for
South Africa, 10,000 miles away, in just 14 days after the first
man was enrolled.
To appreciate what this means one must take into account
that: " The contingent was enrolled, its units scattered over terri-
tory stretching 4,000 miles from ocean to ocean, were mobilized,.
clothed, equipped, armed and concentrated and sailed for South
Africa." (C. A. Mathews, in Canadian Magazine.)
Nor does the above fully convey the marvellous feat of this
young country. Read this from the report of Colonel D. A. Mac-
donald, Chief Superintendent of
1ilitia Stores:-
" vVith the exception of the arms and Oliver equipment, there
was little in store charge to meet the special requirements of such
a force.
" A statement of articles to be provided was made out, and
the contractors Íor clothing, and merchants likely to be in a posi-
tion to meet the demands, were communicated with.
" The material for the clothing had to be made-the contrac-
tors had none on hand. Everyone concerned, however, started to
work with a will, and the equipment, as per the following list, was
issued to the regiment. The actual date of sailing was October
30th, 1899, one day within the limit given. The work was con-
sequently accomplished in 14 days by the staff of the Branch,
without extra help."
Then follows a list of thousands of articles, which were manu-
factured and collected all in so short a time. Yes," marvellous"
is the word.
Sir Frederick has collected about him a staff of men well cal-
culated to second his efforts, and to do each his part in perfecting
the system that is bringing up the citizen soldiery of the Dominion
to a very high degree of proficiency. The Canadian is a natural-
born soldier. This was proven in the South African war, where
many a boy from office, field or workshop won his V.C. or D.S.O.
for deeds of daring that would have done honor to a Spartan of
old.

The Staff.
The Staff-or heads of the various branches of the great de-
partment-are a fine body of men, many of them with records
worthy of extended notice.

16 4

Ottawa, The Hub.

Deputy Minister-Colonel L, F. Pinault.
Adjutant-General and Officer Commanding the Canadian
Militia-Colonel the Right Honourable Nlatthew Lord Aylmer.
Aide-de-Camp-J\lajor E. 11. T. Heward.
J\1ilitary Secretary-Lieut.-Col. H. Smith.
Deputy Adjutant-General-Col. B. H. Vidal.
Assistant Adjutant General for Artillery-Lieut.-Col. R. vV.
Rutherford.
Inspector for l\1usketry-Lieut.-Col. Robert Cartwright,
C.M.G.
Director General of Intelligence-Col. W. A. C. Denny.
Intelligence Staff Officers-Lieut,-Col. V. B. Rivers, l\Iajor
A. Clyde Caldwell, and. Capt. W. B. Anderson.
Railway Intelligence-Col. Samuel Hughes, M.P.
Quartermaster General-Col. W m. H. Cotton.
Assistant Quartermaster General-Lieut.-Col. A. Lyons
Biggar.
Director General Engineer Services-Lieut.-CoI. P. Wea-
therbe.
Assistant Director General of Engineer Services-l\lajor G.
S. Maunsell,
Director General of Ordnance-Col. D. A. Macdonald, 1.S.0.
Assistant Director General of Ordnance-Lieut.-Col. J. B.
Donaldson.
Director General Medical Services-Lieut.-Col. E. Fiset,
D.S.O.
Royal Military College.
The West Point of Canada is located at Kingston. It is the
Royal Military College, started when vVm. Ross, :M.P., was J\1in-
ister of 1\1ilitia. It ranks very high, quite up to the standard, it
is claimed, of the l\Iilitary Colleges of the Empire. There was a
time when it was difficult to get young men-now applicants are
far beyond the capacity of the College, and a fine lot of boys th
y
are, too. Many of them are from Ottawa-from some of the
best families,
Sir Frederick's aim has not been to increase the force of the
militia so much as to increase its efficiency, and to make it self-
sufficient.
There was a time when the militia of Canada had to depend
upon outside countries for its supplies. Now all ammunition,
rifles, army supplies of every kind, are made in this country-in
short, everything but large ordnance is "made in Canada "-as
they are pleased to say.

The Militia Force.
There are 12 Military Districts, which I give herewith, with
the commanding officers:-

Schools of Military Instruction.

16 5

NO.1, London, Ont.-Cot. James Peters, A.D.C., (Aide-de-
Camp to His Excellency the Governor General.)
No.2, Toronto, Ont.-Col. \Vm. Dillon Otter. C.B., (Com-
panion of the Order of the Bath), A.D.C.
NO.3, Kingston, Ont.-Col. L. Buchan, C.l\I.G., A.D.C.
NO.4, Ottawa, Ont.-Lieu1.-Col. \V. E. Hodgins.
NO.5, l\Iontreal, P.Q.-Cot. \tVm. D. Gordon.
No.6, S1. John's, P.Q.-Lieu1.-Col. Alexandre Roy.
Ko. 7, Quebec, P.Q.-Lieu1.-Col. O. C. C. Pelletier.
No.8, S1. John, N.B.-Lieut.-Col. G. Rolt White.
NO.9, Halifax, N. S.-Col. Jas. Douglas Irving.
No. 10, Winnipeg Man.-Co!. T. D. B. Evans.
No. 11, Victoria, B.C.-Co!. J. G. Holmes.
No. 12, Charlottetown, P.E.I.-Lieut.-Col. Fred. Strong.

Schools of I nstrllction.
There are five Depots or Divisions where are located Schools
of Instruction. These are at (1) London, (2) Toronto, (3) 3t.
John's, P.Q., (4) Fredericton, (5) Quebec. At these depots are
stationed Canada's" Standing Army," which, unlike any other in
the world, the 1,000 men who compose it are not so much to do
fighting as to train others to fight. During the year instructors
are sent to the various camps in the Dominion to " teach young
ideas to "-no, I mean to instruct the militia how to shoot. From
the way, however, the boys shot last fall down on the Rifle Range,
the Colonel and I came to the conclusion that it would be a very
skilful instructor indeed who could give them any points on shoot-
ing. \Vhy, he who could not make a series of bull's eyes at 1,000
yards "wasn't in it." The Colonel and I tried it one day, and
the markers haven't yet found where we hit.
Sir Frederick is of old Colonial connection. "His gre3.t-
grandfather, Samuel Borden, of Tiverton, lVIass., was sent to
Acadia by the Governor of Rhode Island, to survey the lands
vacated at the expulsion of the Acadians." He returned to Tiver-
ton, but left his son, Percy Borden, and the family have ever
since resided there.
Sir Frederick's family consists of Lady Borden-who was
:Miss Bessie Clarke, of Canning, N.S.-:\liss Borden, and l\Iiss
11aud Borden.
:Major Harold, his only son, met his death in the South
African war while gallantly leading a company of the Canadian
l\Ionnted Rifles, at the battle of \Vitpoort, in the Transvaal, where
an Irish Regiment was being sorely pressed by the Boers. His g3.l-
lant action merited and received words of commendation from
Lord Roberts and others of hig-h rank.
The Ottawa residence of ' the :Minister is Stadacona Hall, on
Theodore Street, once the home of Sir John A. l\lacdonald. .

166

Ottawa, The Hub.

ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN,

. Robert Laird Borden, leader of the Opposition (Conserva-
tIve) Party of Canada, was born at Grand Pre, Nova Scotia.
] une 26th, 1854. He is the son of the late Andrew Borden,
and was educated at Accasia Villa Academy, Horton. He began
the study of law in 1874, and was called to the bar in 1878, be-
coming a Queen's Counsel in r891. His legal abilities soon
placed him prominent among the pleaders before the Supreme
Court of Canada, and he has been engaged in many cases before
the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
He has always been a leader, first among the boys at school,
then among men. In 1893, he became President of the Nova
Scotia Barristers Society, which position of honor he held up
to the present year, when he declined re-election.
Entering politics in 1896, he was elected to the House of
Commons, and re-elected in 1900. vVhen Sir Charles Tupper,
in 1901, resigned as leader of the Conservative Party, Mr.
Borden was chosen to fill that honorable posi tion.
It has been said that "with the possible exception of Sir
John Thompson, Canada has never seen another public man rise
so rapidly to a' foremost place in her affairs as :Mr. R. L. Borden."
This same writer said again. "The coming of 1\1r. Borden has
been a miracle of swift achievement. He emerged from the
twilight fame of a snccessfnl local law practice in 1896, by moù-
estly taking his seat as a member for Halifax, in the House of
Commons. Very soon it was felt that the new Opposition had
in its legal recruit a powerful critic, an incisive student of politi-
cal matters, and an effective debater."
Mr. Borden's ability as a Parliamentarian would indeed have
to be of a very fine order to cope with the members of the Go./"-
ernment, who for years had been trained in all the intricasies
of political debate..
He is a deep thinker, putting his arguments in a pleasant
and convincing manner. He impresses the listener as being
scrupulously honest in all he says. The truth of his argument
may irritate, but his manner is so courteous, that he seldom
angers his opponent, while convincing the "jury."
Unlike the Stump Orator, whose "speech" is pleasing to
h(ar, but forgotten before dinner, 1\fr. Borden's is heard with
pleasure, and afterwards read with delight from one end of the
Dominion to the other.
It is a strong- character, whom friends praise for ability, and
opponents for fairness. R. L. Borden is such a character. Dy
nature he is fair, by natural endowment and training he is abl
,
and when we think of his comparative youth, we cannot but WOll-
der what he will attain with age, but neither age nor position

Robert Laird Borden.

16 7

will change the man-his genial nature, ungoverned by policy,
will make and hold friends regardless of party affiliation. His
popularity is attested by the many cities throughout Canada,
vieing with each other in confering honors and presenting gifts
to himself and 1\1rs. Borden-scarcely less a favorite than her
husband. And apropos of this brilliant lady, Not long since,
Speaker Belcourt, who has the rare gift of always grace-
fully doing the proper thing at the proper time, officially recog-
nized the right of the wife of the Opposition leader to a seat in
that part of the gallery reserved for the wives of Cabinet "Minis-
ters. In speaking of 1\lrs. Borden, one of these ladies said, of
her excellent qualities: "She has ideas, lots of them; she under-
stands public questions, is a \Voman's Council worker, is keenly
alive to all matters of interest or importance to women, is a splen-
did hostess, a devoted wife and a charming woman-what
more would you have?" I have never heard given, a better an-
swer than hers, to the question: "Do you believe in \Voman
Suffrage?
' which answer was given in a recent interview wilh
a Society writer. 1\lrs Borden replied: "I do not, to my mind
a ,,,ife is, or should be, a helpmeet, and the wife of a politician can,
and ought to be, a help to her husband in a thousand ways, with-
out actually entering the political arena herself. To have some
knowledge of public questions of the day, to understand the politi-
cal issues with which her husband is concerned, make his interests
hers intelligently and sympathetically-is not this possible with-
out a vote? Not everyone knows how exacting and how wear-
ing is an active public life. Now if a wife understands her hus-
band's capacity for work, st
ldies his comfort and guards His
health, is she not doing something as important as if she herself
made speeches or voted? " Yes, and no--" Yes," if all wi yes
wen
as capable as the one who could give so brilliant an answer
as the above-and "no," if the politician were of the ordinary
variety. In the latter case, she might be doing the country a s
r-
vice, by taking the stump herself.
Illustrative of 1\lr. Borden's happy faculty of impromptu
speaking, and saying pleasing things at the right time, and fur-
ther, as showing l\'Irs. Borden's popularity,-not long since they
were being presented with a case of silver, in the House. In
response to the presentation speech, in which the speaker paId
especial compliment to 1\:Irs. Borden, the Leader said, among
many other happy things, "I was out playing golf one even-
ing last week, in coming up to where some ladies were making sbw
headway, I heard one of them remark, 'we must hurry, we are
obstructing the play of the Leader of the Opposition.' Said one
of the others, without turning around, 'Oh, I didn't know that
l\1rs. Borden was out this evening.' "

168

Ottawa, The Hub.

Asks an Extension.
And speaking of "wife," I am reminded of a good story (If
Borden's young manhood, a story that will bring up pleasant
memories of the days when he, at nineteen, taught school in the
Glenwood Institute at 11attawan, not far from my New Jer;;ey
home. Then (1874) as now, there was in the town a Literary So-
ciety, one of the features of which is to read a book and prepare and
deliver a criticism on it. Now, be it remembered, that in those
days R. L., was not the finished speaker we know him to-day, but
instead a timid, almost bashful boy. Some of the old maids on
the Committee on books, appreciating this fact, and thinking to
have a bit of fun at the young Canadian teacher's expense, selected
for him Harriat Beecher Stowe's book: "My Wife and L"-You
will remember that in this story are, "l\ly Child Wife," "My
Dream \Vife" and" l\Iy Real vVife." The night came for him
to deliver his criticism-he had no trouble with "l\ly Child vVife"
and "My Dream Wife" was criticised so charmingly that many
of the younger maidens sighed: " Oh, that I were that Dream! "
But the Committee, in fact all, sat waiting for the last of the three.
When he had finished with the two, he stopped, turned to the
Committee and timidly said: "Our By-laws, I believe, give the
right of extension of time if one is not prepared with one's CrIti-
cism-ladies, I must claim that right-I am not prepared to criti-
cise " l\ly Real Wife," and must ask an extension."
"How long a time do you wish?" coyly asked the Chair-
woman.
" \Vell, from present prospects I think I shall require about
5 20 weeks," and amid smiles, that have not even yet ceased to
ripple along the sea girt shores of 1:Iattawan, the young Nova
Scotian sat down.
Could Not Jolly Him.
In. 1888, he with another" down Easter," was traveling from
Liverpool to London. On the way, they fell in with a number of
jolly young Englishmen, who on learning that the two were
"Colonials," thought to have a "shy" at them. On the way the
engine took up water from a trough between the rails. The
Eng lishmen remarked this, and one of them began boasting of
their wonderful improvements-"Why, dontcher know, we have
every convenience in this country-you saw the engine taking
watah back there? That's nothing, why on some of our roads,
they take up coal the same way, at 50 miles an hour." Borden
catching the spirit of the "jolly" said, with due solemnit.v:
"That is nothing, gentlemen, to what we have in Canada. Ah,
there's the country for you ! You people are slow over
here ! You should see the way we do on OUf roads-
we not only take up water and coal, but just before
we left, one of the roads had put on a device to take on passengel5,

The Boy and the Bald-headed Preacher. 169

in the same way-we had to do it, as our roads are so long that
we can't waste time stopping." There was no more jollying of
" Colonials" on that trip,

Seats for Six.
Once a Judge in Nova Scotia, questioned the letter of the law,
which said, ., All Seven Judges must sit to form a quorum."
" vVhy," said the questioning Judge, who was anxious to get
off from sitting, on an election appeal, in which l\lr. Borden was
interested, " vVhy, see, there are but six seats."
" Doubtless your Honor," said l\1r. Borden, with a twinkle,
"the carpenter who framed those seats considered that six Judges
were all that was necessary, but the men who framecL the law tOJk
a different view." The Judge sat-on the extra chair provided
for him.

The Boy and the Bald-headed Preacher.
l\Ir. Borden is a born investigator. In Nova Scotia, it is a
proven fact that bald-heads do not contain the preponderence
of brains. Up to four years of age, the Leader of the Opposition,
had never seen a "front row" man. One day a good old preacher
called, bringing with him a head of the billiard ball variety. It
was a revelation to the boy, who hung around the corners of the
room, trying to analyse the mystery at a distance, but failing to
statisfy his curiosity, and taking advantage of the temporary ab-
sence of his mother, he pushed a chair up behind the good man,
and on the mother's return, to her consternation" she found young
Robert standing up behind the old gentleman, most intently ex-
amining the phenomenon at close quarters.
It is said, that he has since learned a great deal on this sub-
ject, and found many heads bald on both sides-in as well as out.
I t is also said, by those \vho are well informed, that he has no
fear whatever of either variety, or even both combined in one-
instances of which combination being on record.

Secret of His Success.
" What is the secret of l\1r. Borden's success?" I asked of
a writer from the Lower Provinces.
" Thoroughness, gained by a good head and hard work. You
may not be aware of the fact, but Mr. Borden has few equals and
no superiors in the Dominion when it comes to intricate cases at
the bar. Why, do you know that there was never, or at least
seldom, to be a contested case of note, that R. L. Borden was not
on one side or the other? Yes, and so thorough is he, that when
he states a thing, or cites an authority, even the J udges learw
d
that it was not necessary to turn it up and compare the citation
with the text; when he states a matter of evidence, they know chat

170

Ottawa, The Hub.

he has taken the pains to ascertain the abs
lute correctness of his
statements.
"Genius has been defined to be 'the power to take infinite
pains with little things.' To this may be largely ascribed 1\Ir.
Borden's success." /
" And again," he continued, "l\lr. Borden relies more upon
his head than upon his tongue. He may not tickle the fancy of
the idle listener by his flowery flights of pyrotechnic oratory J1at
mean nothing, but his words stay in the minds of his hearers, and
they believe in his sincerity. He does nothing for momentary
effect, but always speaks for a lasting purpose. That is why
he wins confidence, that is why people believe in him-I may be
prejudiced in his favor, but down home it has grown to be

habit, and we cannot help it." He said much else, but it is no
part of my purpose to touch political matters. It is the man and
not his political trend, the man and not his creed, that intere::;-;:s
me. R. L. Borden, aside from trend or creed, has a personality
greatly to be admired.*

THE HONOURABLE SYDNEY ARTHUR FISHER

" The right man in the right place!" This might well be said
of the Dominion Minister of Agriculture. From the year he took
office (1896) to the present, his department has shown one con-
tinued increase in all its many branches. Mr. Fisher has CO:l-
ducted the affairs of his department as a careful, wise business
man would conduct his private business, if one may judge from the
marked improvement in every branch of it, as I will show fur-
ther on.
He was the son of Arthur Fisher, M.D., L.R.C.S., and was
born in l\lontreal in 1850. Educated in the High School, McGill
University, and Trinity College, Cambridge, England (B.A. 1871).
After leaving college he devoted himself to the scientific prin-
ciples of farming, including dairying, stock raising, fruit groN-

* The day thil bo()k went to pre"'!'! Mr. Borden WitS def"ated in the land..lide of
Nov. 3. 190-1. Evcn the Lib')rals them<;elves ...ee'lJ now to rcgret it, It..; he i:-; 1'-0 gcnerally
liked and his statc!'lman!!hip recognized before party feplin
. He will doubtless be
chm.en at It bye election.
The Colonel ask..; at this point: "H IW 110 you spell that word 1" and I spell it
very slowly and carefully tor him: .. ll-y-e. not ll-u-y."

Sidney Fisher.

17 1

ing, &c., and to-day stands possibly without a peer in scientific
farming on the continent. The Province of Quebec (he is from
Brome County, in that province) very soon recognized his abili-
ties. He founded the Provincial Fruit Growers' Association; he
was President of the Ensilage and Stock Feeding Association of
Montreal; Vice-President of the Provincial Dairy Association, and
Director of the Brome Agricultural Society.
In 1880 he entered Dominion politics, and in 1882, and again
in 1887, was elected for Brome in the House of Commons. He
was defeated by one vote in 1891. He took an active intere.;t
throughout Canada, and when his party (Liberal) came into
power in 1896, he was made Minister of Agriculture. In 1900
he was re-elected by a large majority.
If a Huron were asked to give l\fr. Fisher a name, that name
would be one meaning "The-l\Ian- \\1ho- Does- Things." He h3.d
been in office but a short time when he secured from the United
States the removal of quarantine restrictions to the trade in
cattle, with the result that the trade with us rose from $195,814,
from 1890 to 1896, to $6.419,385, from 1896 to 1903. Before he
assumed office, stock cattle were at such a low price that it did not
pay to raise them, and calves were killed for their hides; but in
1903 stock values had increased five fold.
In 1897 he adopted measures that added millions of dollars
to the farmers of Canada, in connection with refrigeration on ocean
steamships by mechanical and chemical means, and the establish-
ment of a far-reaching machinery for the marketing abroad of
Canada's perishable products. In the same year (1897) he secur-
ed the passage of a Bill for registering cheese factories and cream-
eries, and the branding of dairy products, thus preventing mis-
representation as to date of manufacture.
In 1898 the" San Jose Scale" was doing great damage to
the fruit trees of the Western States. Mr. Fisher introduced a
Bill to protect Canada against the pest, with the result that it was
practically kept out. This led up to a wide systematic extension
of the scientific spraying of fruit trees and so forth, that has done.
is doing, and will do incalculable good to the fruit-growing in-
dustry of the Dominion.
In 1899 he appointed a Dominion Live Stock Commissioner
(F. "V. Hodson,) and also an Agriculturist (J. H. Grisdale,) at
the Central Experimental Farm, and has bronght ng the live stock
interest of Canada to a high degree of excellence. Not onlv is
t
being improved, but the business has greatly increased under his
wise supervision. The export trade has grown, and the gener:!l
business of cattle raising greatly increa!'ed. The exports (If cattle
grew from $6,816,000 in 1896, to $10,842,438 in 1903. In 1900
less than $5,000 were paid for stnck cattle sent from the Eastern
Provinces to British Columbia, while $50,000 were paid in 19<)1.

17 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

11r. Fisher has worked up an active, intelligent interest in
every branch of his department. He has established Farmers'
Institntes in all provinces where they had not already been estab-
lished, and given a healthy impetus to the whole; he has done
much to improve the working of Agricultural Societies; he has
established provincial auction sales of live stock; he has extended
interprovincial trade in live stock; has established or extended
provincial live stock associations, and done much toward educat-
ing the people by means of agricultural shows; and has, through
press and bulletins, created a desire among the farmers to know
and follow the best in all lines of agriculture.
He has done a great work in the interest of fruit growers,
and if Canada is to-day one of the great fruit countries of
he
world, much is due to his efforts. In 1901 he secured the pas-
sage of the " Fruit ]\1arks' Act," which provides for an accura
e
inspection of fruit, and the correct marking of packages, with the
result that Canadian fruit has taken its place at the very head of
the list.
In the dairying interest, he has added millions of dollars to the
wealth of Canada. In 1890 the exports in this line were $9,7 12 ,-
343; in 1903 they were $31.667,561. In 18 9 0 there were 1,5 6 S
cheese factories and 170 creameries; in 1900 there were 2,39 8
cheese factories, 629 creameries, and 554 combined cheese and
butter factories. The exports of cheese in 1896 were $13,95 6 ,57 1 ;
in 19 0 3 they were $24,712,943; and not only in quantity, but J1e
quality had been greatly improyed by proper curing, which was
brought about by 11r. Fisher. In the interest of the butter makers.
it is unlawful to make or to sell oleomargine or other fake butter
in Canada.
The experiments carried on under the supervision of his d
-
partment are showing great results in the feeding and proper
treatment of bacon and ham producers, and getting the best re-
sults from poultry raising.
Figures and not assertions count. Taking the seven ye;:J.rs
prior to 1\Ir. Fisher's entrance into office, and comparing them
with the following seven years of his management of the affairs
of his department, I find that in the matter of eggs, butter, cheese,
bacon, ham and pork. the increased sales are $133,451.59 1 . or $::;2:;
gain for each one of the 471,833 Canadian farmers. And td ma'{e
another seven years' comparison: while the United States exports
of cheese decreased $20,665,637, Canada's exports increased
$4 6 ,339,618, and during that time, while the exports of butter from
the United States increased $6,706,923, Canada's exports increas-
ed $22,7 2 9,379.
Not content with building up his department at home, 1\1r.
Fisher has ever taken a lively interest in extending the trade of
his country into all parts of the world. He has spent months at

Charles Fitzpatrick.

173

a time looking over the European field, and during the winter of
1903 visited the Fifth 1\ ational Exhibition at Osaka, Japan, and
already Canadian trade is largely benefitting as the result of these
visits.
l\Ir. Fisher also has in his Department the Patents and Copy-
rights of Canada, under the charge of that genial gentleman,
l\1r. \V. J. Lynch.
Apropos of copyright; l\1r. Fisher, in 1900, had an Act passed
of great interest to both authors and publishers, as well as to the
Imperial authors. '
The above are but the cullings from a great volume. \Vere
I to present in detail what this man has accomplished, it might
give you a better conception of the developments of Canada as,
like the Interior Department, the Agriculture shows the rapid
growth of the country more than any others.
1fr. Fisher's able staff, are T. K. Doherty, Private Secretary;
G. T. O'Halloran, Deputy Minister; Dr. F. l\Iontizambert, Public
Health Branch; Animal Health Branch, Dr. J. G. Rutherford;
Archivist, A. G. Doughty; Copyrights, J. B. Jackson; Statisti-
cian, Geo. Johnson; Accountant's Office, F. C. Chittick; Agricul-
ture and Dairying, Prof. J. W. Robertson; Exhibition Branch,
Colonel vVm. Hutchison; others mentioned elsewhere.

THE HON. CHARLES FITZPATRICK.

Charles' Fitzpatrick was born at Sillery, December 19 th , 1853.
" He was born at SilIery." To you this may be only words, büt
to those who have trod the historic grounds of this ancient village
-a quaint suburb of dear old Quebec-it brings up pleasa
_1t
memories. The very name makes glad my heart,
l\1r. Fitzpatrick is the son of the late John Fitzpatrick, a mem-
ber of a family who for generations have lived in County Wat
r-
ford, Ireland. His grandfather-also John-was a lifelong friend
of the great Irish leader, Daniel O'Connell, and was present on

A Famous Speech.
the occasion when O'Connell made the famous Irish speech,
which the London TiJnes had sent its best representative to report,
sent him aU the way from London. It was in the hope that the
speaker might say something treasonable, and the Ti1nes wm1Ïd
gain fame by first reporting it. When O'Connell was ready to

174

Ottawa, The Hub.

begin, the reporter stood waiting, pencil in hand, to take down the
words. The crowd, taking in the situation, began a demonstra-
tion that boded ill to the man from "Lunnun," but O'Connell,
seeing the danger, invited the reporter to come upon the stage,
gave him a chair, even had a table brought that he might not be
inconvenienced in his writing.
" Are you comfortable?" asked O'Connell.
" Yes, and many thanks for your kindness."
" Are you ready?"
" Yes, I'm quite ready."
" Now, if I speak too fast, don't hesitate to tell me. I some-
times talk rapidly when I get warmed up to my subject."
Then, as if another thing had occurred to him, he said: " Ob,
by the way, my friend, seeing as I have treated you fairly, I want
you to promise me to treat me the same. I don't mind your re-
porting what I say, but I want you to promise not to put words
into my mouth I have not uttered. Do you promise?"
" I do, I do; upon my honor I do!"
" Now, follow as I begin." And turning to the vast crowd,
the great orator commenced his speech-in Irish.
The old grandfather, in describing this, told how O'Connell
would turn around every few moments and ask: " Are you qmte
comfortable? Do I speak too rapidly ? You are reporting me
fairly?" Finally, the reporter beat a retreat, not being able to
stand the ridiculous position in which he was placed by the gr
at
Irish leader. That was one of O'Connell's speeches never printed.
l\Ir. Fitzpatrick was educated in the Quebec High School, at
St. Anne's College, and finished at Laval University, taking his
B.C.L. with the highest honors, winning the Governor General's
(Lorne) medal.
For fourteen years 1\lr. Fitzpatrick kept out of active parti-
cipation in affairs of state, but finally, in 1890, he consented to re-
present Quebec County in the Assembly. In 1896 he resign
d,
and was returned for the same county to the House of Commons.
He was appointed, that same year, Solicitor General, an office
created in 1887, but which was not brought into force by pro-
clamation until in 1892. And in 1902, when David Mills resigned
as lVlinister of Justice to take a position on the Supreme Court
Bench, he was appointed to this high place in the Dominion
Cabinet. The portfolio of :Minister of Justice is of recent origin.
The 'Minister is the official advisor of the Governor General, and
legal member of His :Majesty's Privy Council for Canada. In
short, he is Canada's legal head-with us he is the Attorney Gen-
eral. The l\1inister of Justice is also here the Attorney General.
From the very first Mr. Fitzpatrick was a successful lawyer,
and rapidly rose to one of the first in his profession. He formed
a partnership with Sir Adolphe Caron shortly after entering the

A Famous Orator.

175

bar, the firm now being Fitzpatrick, Parent, Taschereau, Roy and
Caron, second to none in the Dominion.
He has conducted some of the most famous cases in Canada.
The United States employed him in the John Eno extradition
case; the Belgian Government in the Canon-Bernard case; and
in 1885 he was chief counsel for Louis Riel, of Rebellion fame or
notoriety. Then, in 1892, he defended the late Hon. H. l\Iercier.
These are but illustrations of the many cases of national and in-
ternational note in which this illustrious lawyer has taken part.
In 1893 he was created a Queen's Counsel, and was called to the
Ontario bar in 1896. In 1897 he represented the Dominion Gov-
ernment before the Privy Council in England in the Fisheri
s
case.
He was married in 1879 to 1Iiss Corinne, daughter of the
late Hon. R. E. Caron. Five children, four daughters and one
son, have blessed the union.
IV1r. Fitzpatrick's private secretaries are Mr. J. :l\1ullin and
M:r. J. D. Clarke. The Deputy Minister of Justice is Mr. E. L.
Newcombe, 11.A., LL.B., K.C., who was appointed by Sir John
Thompson in 1893, and has held the position up to the present
time.

JOSEPH BENSON FORAKER,
On July 5th, 1846, there was born, on a hilly farm in High-
Ian Ii County, Ohio, near the village of Rainsford, one of th

greatest orators of his time, Joseph B. Foraker. vVhen but little
more than a mere boy he enlisted in the 89th Ohio Volunteer In-
fantry, and served throughout the war of the Rebellion. He went
in as a private, became a First Lientenant, and at the close was a
brevet Captain. Returning he attended College at Delaware, Ohio,
and later, in 1869, graduated with honors, at Cornell Universitv,
anù that same year was admitted to the bar, and began at onëe
to practice law in Cincinnati, where he verv soon took a position
at the very head of his profession. In 1870, he married :1Iiss
Julia, the talented daughter of the Honorable H. S. Bundy, of
Jackson County, Ohio. Their sons and daughters hold the very
highest social position in America.
In 1879. he was elected Judge of the Superior Court, and
held the position until 1882 when he resigned, on account of ill
health.

17 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

In 1883, he was defeated for Governor of the State, but was
elected for that office in 1885, and again in 1887, but in 1889 he
was defeated.
In 18 97, he was made a United States Senator, to which
position he was returned, in 1903, to serve until 1909. In thi;;
our highest branch of representative government, he has few
equals and no superiors.
I spoke of him as an orator-I have never heard his eanal.
There is a fascination in his voice and manner, that holds his lis-
tenETS spell-bound, as long as he chooses to speak, and when ole
closes, his audience would fain cry for more. I shall never for-
get, such a scene at Cooper Union, in N ew York City, during a
Presidential election. The Senator had spoken for an hour anJ
a half, and knowing that other speakers were to follow, sat down,
amId thunders of applause. The next speaker tried to be heard,
but the vast audience would not listen-but kept up the calls f,x
" Foraker-Foraker!!" until he consented to continue, which he
did, occupying the time of all th<:; others.
The Senator was once asked the secret of oratory. "Hard
study-hard study, and knowing what to say, Too many thin

of it wholly as a gift and wonder why they fail. There are none
so gifted as to succeed without work and a whole lot of hard
work."
It will soon be Ohio's turn for the Presidency. Almost two
whole terms will have passed with another State holding that high
position. This to an Ohioan, seems a long time. When our turn
comes again, I am very certain that the scene at Cooper Union,
will be reenacted, and the same call will be heard, "Foraker!
Foraker! ! "

SIR WILLIAM MULOCK.

" Results" seem to be the watchword of the men who ar

guiding and directing the affairs of "The New Canada." Nor
dces that watchword more brilliantly illumine the banner of any
other of the "guides" than that of Sir William Mulock, the
Postmaster General, who fonnd a very large deficit, reduced the
postage rates by one-third, and at the end of seven years saw the
vast deficit wiped out, and a surplus of hundreds of thousands of
dollars coming into the treasury.

Sir Wm. Mulock.

177

Some one once asked: "Does a college education make or
mar a man for a business career?" I forget the answer, but It
should have been: "It's all owing to the man." Sir William IS a
pronounced type of college man, and results show that a naturally
brilliant intellect has not been made less capable in business by rea-
son of an education of a very high order, but quickened rather
than marred that intellect.
William lVlulock was born January 19th, 1843, at Bond Head,
Onto He was the son of Thomas H, lVlulock, of the Royal Col-
lege of Surgeons. He was educated at N ewmarket Grammar
School, and at the Toronto Cniversity, graduating a B.A. in 1863,
taking the gold medal for modern languages. He was an :M.A.
in 1871, and in 1894 received the degree of LL.D. from the To-
ronto University, of which he has been a Senator since 1873. In
1881 he was elected Vice-Chancellor, which office he resigned in
1900. He founded a scholarship in mathematics in this Uni-
versity.
Going into Dominion politics he was elected for N orth York
in 1882, and when his party (Liberal) came into power in I 89ó,
he was promptly made Postmaster General. The wisdom of the
selection I have already indicated.
In 1898, on his suggestion, an Imperial Postal Conference
was held and on his resolution, postage was reduced to 2 cts. per
half ounce, so that he may be called the

Father of Cheap Postage.
This took effect on Christmas Day of that year. One week later,
on January 1st, 1899, owing to his efforts, a 2C. rate was made to
the United States, and again, to him is due the fact that new
-
papers may now be sent into nearly every country in the world,
as cheaply as you may send them around the corner. The im-
mediate result of reduced postage was a greatly increased
revenue.
In June, of 1901, he was sent to Australia, as a delegate to
represent Canada at the inauguration of the first Parliament of
the Commonwealth.
In 1902 he was one of the Canadian representatives at the
Coronation of King Edward.
That same year he was made a K.C.M.G. The high honor
has in no way changed his cordial manner, for as that clever
writer, H. Franklin Gadsbv said, in the Canadian Magazine, of
December, 1903: "His bluff, hearty manner, which strang
rs
mistake for brusquerie, his simple tastes, his characteristic lov

of soil-he has a beautiful country seat at Newmarket-are all
summed up in his nick-name "Farmer Bill," and again, "Sir
William is a man of the classes, if we have classes in Canada.

17 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

He has gentle blood in his veins, but man of the classes as he is,
he has always been on the side of the masses. In this respect,
he approaches very nearly the late William Ewart Gladstone."
Speaking of his integrity, this writer says: "Sir vVilliam
is ever true to his promises. I t is conceded that his word once
given is as good as his bond." From this, one must infer that
Sir William is not a politician.
His fairness has made him an ideal head of another depart-
ment of Government-that of Minister of Labour. He studied
New Zealand system-that of arbitration and conciliation-and
has applied it to Canada in a modified form. He took our Labor
Gazette and we find, in the Labor Gazette of Canada, a pap
r
suited to the conditions of this country.
Sir vVi11iam has an able staff of assistants, who aside from
hi
courteous private secretary, Mr. E. H. Laschinger, are as
follows :-
I. Deputy Postmaster General, R. 1\1. Coulter.
2. Secretary, Wm. Smith.
3, Accountant, W. J. Johnstone.
4. Supt. lYloney Order Branch, Walter Rowan.
5. Supt. Savings Branch, vV. H. Harrington.
6. Controller of Postal Stores, Sidney Smith.
7. Chief Supt. Dead Letter Office, Nlajor J. \Valsh.
8. Supt. Postage Stamp Branch, E. P. Stanton.
9. Supt. :Mail Service Branch, G. C. Anderson.
10. ControIler of the Railway 1\lail Service, B. M. Arm-
strong.
As mentioned above, Sir V\Tilliam has another department in
his portfolios, that of Labour. Here we find our friend of fre-
quent mention, W. L. 1\Iackenzie King, as Deputy
Iinister and
Editor of the Labor Gazette, with Robt. H. Coats as Associate
Editor.
Growth of the Post ORice Department.
The Post Office Departmenf has kept pace with the growth of
the country, as may be seen by its transactions. In 1896, these
were, in money orders, $13,081,860; in 1903, $28,904.096, an in-
crease of $15,822,236. In 1896, in money orders and postal notes,
there were 242,610 transactions in the Savings Banks; in 1903,
336,012, an increase of 93,393. It may be of interest to know that
in 1896 there were in Canada, 9,103 post offices, and in 1903,
10,149, an increase of 1,046. Of these, in 1896, 755 were savings
bank offices; in 1903, 934, an increase of 179. The greatest gain
are the money order and postal note offices. In 1896, there were
but 1,310; in 1903,6,184, the enormous increase of 4,874 offices.
The increase in the business done may be seen by the num-
ber of articles carried by mail, not including newspapers. In

Postal Savings and Postal Rates.

179

18 9 6 , 177,178,136; in 1903, 312,221,740, an increase of 135,043,-
604. These figures show the vast strides Canada has been mak-
ing during the past few years, and yet it has just started, as the
very air is full of a new national life. One cannot but see it on
every hand.
Postal Savings Banks.
Canada has a system of postal savings banks which we have
not. From an article in the Canadian Bankers Journal, by l\1r..
R. Gill, Manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce, I am in-
debted for much valuable data apropos of the system, but space
will only permit of a few of the salient points.
They were started in 1867, under Postmaster General Sir
Alexander Campbell, K.C,M.G., but the workings of the plan
were due to Mr. J. Cunningham Stewart and Mr. D. Matheson--
to the latter especially, whose computation of interest was so ad-
mirable that it has been adopted by most of the regular savings
banks of the country. At first no one depositor might carry a
balance of over $1,000. It has been raised to $3,000.
The rate of interest started at 4%. This has been lowered
to 3%.
In 1869 there were 213 post office banks, or banks which
could accept deposits, and $16,653 were deposited. In 1903,
there were 934 offices, and $12,060,825 were deposited. The
balance due depositors, on June 30th, 1903, was $44,255,326.03.
(I) The unit of deposit is $1.00 and interest is added once
a year (3 0th June).
(2) The depositor must make declaration that he has no in-
terest in any other account than his own-this to prevent anyone
going beyond the limit.
(3) The postmaster marks it in the pass-book, reports it to
Ottawa, from whence a receipt is sent the depositor.
(4) All accounts are kept in Ottawa.
(5) Applications for withdrawal is made direct to Ottawa,
( 6) The depositor must send his pass-book to be balanced
on the anniversary of the opening of his account.

Postal Note.
Sir William, in 1898 (August 4th), inaugurated the Postal
Note System, a cheap and convenient form of remittance for
small sums of money, ranging from 20 cents to $5.00, The
system has met with public favor, as is shown by the growth of
the transactions. From the date of inception to June 30th, 1899
-II months-471,407 notes were issued to the value of $77[,-
490.20, while during the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1903, the
paid notes numbered 1,196,563, and in value $2,046.094,54. In
August, 1903, a $10 note was added.

180

OttCl'Wa, The Hub.

SENATOR REDFIELD PROCTOR,

Vermont, "the Ohio of the East," is remarkable for many
rare qualities, but none of them are so prominent as are her great
sons. Erom the very birth of Vermont as a State, and all the
way along through the years, these gallant sons held their own jn
war and in peace. The land of Ethan Allen has produced mo
e
statesmen--counting its area-than any other in the Union.
From Vermont came our Edmunds, .J\tlorrill, Cola mer, and many
another, whose voices have been heard in the national halls
'.s
leaders among our greatest men. It was Vermont gave birth to
on(' of our Presidents (Arthur), a Vice-President (Morton), dnd
our present able Secretary of the Treasury (Shaw) first opened
his eyes among the green hills of this noble State. N or to the pa
t
alone need we turn for statesmen. The subject of my sket
h
stands in the front rank of the great of the nation, and when in
years to come the history of Vermont shall have been written, no
greater name will be found accredited to that State than the name
of Proctor.
Redfield Proctor was born at Proctorville (named for his
family), Windsor County, June 1st, 1831, and now resides at
Proctor (named for him) north of and near Rutland. He was
educated at Dartmouth College, from which he went to the A.l-
bany Law School. The war breaking out shortly after his grad 11-
ation, he entered the Third Regiment of V ermont Volunteers, en-
tered as a lieutenant on the staff of ,Major-General Wm. F, Smith
-affectionately known as " Baldy" Smith. N ext we find him a
l\1ajor of the Fifth, and a little later, a Colonel in the Fifteenth
Volunteer Regiment. Entering politics after the war, we find
him in 1867-68, and again in 1888, a member of the Verm03t
House of Representatives; a'1d in 1874 and 1875, in the State
Senate, of which he was, during that time, President pro tern.
From 1876 to 1878 he was Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont, and
from 1878 to 1880, Governor of the State.
He went as a delegate to the Republican National Convention
in 1884, in 1888, and again in 1896. In the two latter he was
Chairman of the delegation.
In March, 1889, he was chosen Secretary of War in Harri-
son's Cabinet. This position he resigned to accept the appoint-
ment, in November, 1891, as United States Senator to succeed
the great Geo. F. Edmunds; and on October 18th, 1892, was
elected to fill both the unexpired and full terms. Again, he was
elected to succeed himself, in 1898. His term as Senator ex-
pires in 1905. Owing to the fact that when Vermont gets a goael
man, she is wise enough to keep him in office, we may expect
to find the Senator in Washington for many years to come.
Senator Proctor stands well toward the front rank among oar
American statesmen, and but for the handicap of location, wou
d

H on. Sir Charles Tupper J Bart.

181

long since have been President. Had his ancestors chosen the
real Ohio, it would have been so different with this great son, as
'tis such as he whom we make Presidents down there.
That General Benjamin Harrison was chosen in 1888, was
much owing to ,Mr. Proctor. In the Convention, from first to
last, he and his delegation stood solid, and Vermont was the only
State that did so on every ballot. He not only voted, but worked
for the General until the final vote.
Shortly before the Cuban war, Senator Proctor went to
Cuba to carefully investigate the real conditions that existed, and
in his report to Congress, our country learned that which won for
the Islanders a friendship which, in the end, gave them the long-
sought freedom from the galling yoke of Spain.
The Senator is the largest marble quarry owner in the world.

HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER, BART.

It would be like writing Hamlet with Hamlet left out, to
write of Canada with Sir Charles Tupper left out. I would give
his many titles were it not that in writing them all would leave
little space for the man himself, as he has more LL.D.'s, Bt.'s,
G.C.l\1.G.'s, and, well-think of all that could possibly be given to
one man, and it will save me telling you of them, as I do think
that about every honor that Canada could confer has been given
not to mention those bestowed by the mother country.
Sir Charles was born July 2nd, 1821, at Ayles ford, Nova
Scotia. He was the son of Rev. Charles Tupper, D.D. He was
educated at Horton Academy, Acadia College (J\IA., D.C.L.,)
and afterward studied medicine at Edinburgh University, from
which he received his M.D. He long practiced his profession in
his native province. ·
His first experience in politics was in 1855, when he became
a member of the provincial legislature. In 1856 he was made
Provincial Secretary. In 1858 he went to England in the interest
of the Interco10nial Railway. In 1864 he was Premier of Nova
Scotia.
He took a very leading part in the Confederation of Canada.
and is the eldest of the four remaining" Fathers of Confedera-
tion. "

18l

Ottawa, The Hub.

He was elected to the House of Commons, and sat in the
first Federal Parliament (1867). He represented Cumberland up
to r884, when he was appointed High Commissioner for Canada
to London. He was first lVlinister of Railways and Canals.
Like his titles, his official honors were ., too numerous to men-
tion." In r887 and r888 he was a prominent figure in \Vashing-
ton, when he became known to us for the active part he took in
the Fisher;es Conference held those years. In 1893 he went to
France in the interest of Canada.
In r895 he took great interest in the fast Atlantic steamship
service. In 1896 he was Secretary of State in the Bowen Admin-
istration, and on the resignation of Sir Mackenzie he became
Premier, and formed the seventh .J\1inistry of the Dominion, and
afterward (1896) was leader of the Opposition up to 19 00 , when
he resigned.
Incidents and Anecdotes.
During all the years he was an earnest and powerful worker
in the interests of Canada. Cnlike Sir John A.
lacdonald, he
was a serious worker, and seldom was given to humor. And yet.
at times he was known to almost abandon the serious, and when
he did he made telling points that would have done credit to Sir
John himself. One of these occasions was at a banquet where
speakers were limited to five minute speeches. This was a rathèr
poor condition for a man who could readily and entertainingly
talk for five hours, using sentences h1.rdly second in length to ::mr
own great W m. Evarts, but he complied by saying:, " I see we are
limited to five minutes; I must, therefore, bring into play my well-
known powers. of condensation."
Castell Hopkins said of Sir Charles, in writing of the part he
took in the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway: " Opinion
was divided in the Cabinet, and had it not been for Sir Frank
Smith, backed up by the ever-cheerful optimism of Sir John A.
lvlacdonald, and the sturdy determination of Sir Charles Tupper.
it is hard to say what the result might have been. A loan was
asked, granted and repaid inside of two years. The company
themselves had everything in order, to proceed with and compl,
te
the work, and in doing so saved the railway from collapse, them-
selves from ruin, and the country from a setback which would
have retarded its prosperity and growth by a quarter of a cen-
tury." This shows what judgment, backed by "sturdy deter-
mination," may do for a country.
G.
lercer Adams said of him: "His connection with the
C.P.R. is in everv one's mind. To him more than to any .)ther
statesman in Canãda is due the success, of that great enterprise.'
By Sir Charles very manv important measures were suggest-
ed and carried through while he was in the Nova Scotia legisla-
ture, measures which are even now bearing good fruit.

They Couldn't Fool the Doctor.

18 3

He Looks It /"
One day Sir John A. l\Iacdonald and he were listening to the
speech of a new member, a 11r. Homer from British Columbia.
Now, I\1r. Homer happened to be the ugliest man in the House.
He was almost painfully homely, but very brilliant. Sir John
was struck by the new member's powers of oratory, and turning
to Sir Charles, he asked: " \Vho is that man? I must know him.
He's a wonder I" Sir Charles straightened up, and said proudly:
" He comes from British Columbia, but is a native of my country,
Nova Scotia." "Well," said Sir John, with a twinkle, " he cer-
tainly looks it I"
It Nearly Kilt Him.
Sir Charles at 83 is yet active, and enjoys a game of golf.
Last summer, at Glenquaich, in the Highlands of Scotland, be
played too strenuously and was" laid up" from the effects. Sir
Sandford Fleming, calling to see him, said, in his genial way, "I'm
afraid, Sir Charles, you were wearing the garb of old Gaul and
caught cold."
" Yes," said Tupper, serio-humorously, "and it nearly kilt
me."

They Couldn't Fool the Doctor.
In 1894, while Sir Charles was High Commissioner, word
came to him at London that some Canadian cattle which had just
been landed at Liverpool had pneumonia. He called a cab, was
driven to a book store, got a book on " Cattle and Their Ailments,"
and taking train, by the time he reached Liverpool had thoroughly
mastered the subject of pneumonia. He waited for no prelimin-
aries, but was driven direct to the stock yards, and having found
the veterinary, asked: "What is this I hear about our Canadian
cattle ?-where are they?"
" 'vVhere?' I'll show them to you at once." And with much
ado, the vet. led the way to the yards.
" Now, point out the animals."
"There," pointing to one that looked worn out by the long
ocean voyage. "That is a very bad case,"
" Are you sure?" asked Tupper.
" , Sure'? I guess I ought to know my business. It has all
the symptoms. Never saw a worse case. That one animal is
enough to inoculate the Island
"
" Kill it-kill it, and we shaH see! "
"Yes-but-say, there is no occasion. I know that it has
pneumonia."
"Kill it" was Sir Charles' command. It was killed and
right there in mud over shoe top deep the doctor held the oddest
post mortem he had eVEr held. Reaching the organ where the

18.4

Ottawa, The Hub.

disease should have been, he found it absolutely healthy and
sound.
Those who know him can well imagine the tone of voice in
which he said: ,
":Man, you have been bribed!"
Canadian cattle thereafter were very healthy animals as
long as that" vet" had charge.
This story illustraites the man. Canada's interests were
ever his interests, and in defending them he prepared himself,
so that no on.e knew the subject in question better than he did,
and no man In Canada has ever been a more able defender of
the great Dominion, or looks more to its welfare, than Sir Charles
'I'upper, of Nova Scotia.

JUDGE WM. T, WALLACE
was born in Lexington, Kentucky, March 28th, 1828. When at
the age of IS, he went to the Mexican War as a volunteer. In
February of 1847 he took part in the battle of Buena Vista, under
General Zachary Taylor, and was highly praised for acts of
bravery; the young Kentuckian seeming to be devoid of all fear.
In 1850, after the war, he went to California, via the Panama
route. He settled at San Jose, at that time the Capital of the
State, He began at once the practice of the law, and in two years
was elected District Attorney. This for a young man of 24 was
a trying position, not alone from the fact that his practice of i1e..
ce
sity brought him in contact with the criminal class, but his
district, covering as it did, many counties, necessitated long rides
on horseback, through wild and dangerous sections-but the boy
who had so valliantly fought under Taylor, was now as fearless
as a prosecutor.
At 28 he became Attorney General of the State, and filled the
position with honor. In IS70 he was elected to the Supreme
Court, and in two years, rose to Chief Justice of that Conrt, which
office he held for eight years-to ISSo-when he declined to serve
again, but in IS86 he was induced to take office once more, and
was elected Judge of the Snperior Court in San Francisco, his
home. Twelve years he served in this position. Since that time
he has been a member of the State Legislature and a Police Com-
missioner for the city.

Judge Wm. T. Wallace.

18 5

At 76 he has retired full of honors, no Judge, on the Pacific
Coast, ever having ranked so high as a Jurist. He has been a
life-long Democrat, but rarely or never has he been opposed by
reason of his party affiiliation.
The Judge is of sturdy Scotch origin, of the Clan Wallace, to
which belonged the hero of "The Scottish Chiefs." His father,
Dr. Joseph Wallace, removed from Kentucky to Ohio, settling at
Springfield in an early day.
He was a cousin of the poet, William Ross Wallace, (a con-
temporary and friend of Edgar Allan Poe), who wrote the fall1-
ous poem, " The Hand that Rocks the Cradle Moves the World."

LITERARY PATRONS.

vVM. \VILFRID CAJ\1 PBELL, Poet.
This famous Canadian poet was born in vVestern Ontario.
He is of Scotch and English ancestry. His father the Rev.
Thomas Swainton Campbell, is the only son of the late Rev.
Thomas Campbell, M.A., of Glasgow University, of a Cadet
family of the house of Argyll, which settled in the North of Ire-
land.
lVlr. Cambpell was educated at Toronto University. He is a
prominent Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, and has done
much toward placing it in the front rank among the great So-
cieties of the Continent.
He is a poet of great strength of thought. and depth of ex-
pression. As the Athenaeum, has so well said, "The world will
stand and listen to him some day." The Toronto Globe in speak-
ing of him, wrote a fact, " In strength and depth scarcely match-
ed by any of his contemporaries." \iVhile a well known Canadian
classes him as "One of the real living poets to-day in the Eng-
lish language."
A noted reviewer has told so well the poet, that I will break
my rule and quote at length his words.
"1IIr. W. Wilfrid Campbell is ranked as the foremost Cana-
dian poet and one of the leading writers of verse on the American
continent. He has made his reputation as a poet during the last
decade, by frequent and notable contributions to many leading
American and British periodicals, including, The Atlantic
1fonthly, The Century, Harper's, Scribners, Cosmopolitan, Out-
look, The Spectator and Literature.
" 1IIuch of his verse, which has been lately collected in a vol-
ume, "Beyond the Hills of Dream" (published by Houghton,
1IIifflin & Co., Boston), has shown him to be, as the Toronto
Globe has said, "in strength and depth scarcely matched by any
of his contemporaries on this side of the water." He has written
several blank verse tragedies, one of which, "l\10rdred," while
published several years prior to l\1r. Stephen }-Jhillips' "Paolo
and Francesca," challenges comparison with that much-praised
drama.
" \Ve have no room in this short, sketch to deal with the body
of l\1r. Campbell's work. Largely dramatic and human, it con-

188

Ottawa, The Hub.

But he has taught us by this splendid deed,
That under all the brutish mask of life,
And dulled intention of ignoble ends,
I\lan's soul is not all sordid;, that behind
This tragedy of ills and hates that seem,
There lurks a godlike impulse in the world,
And men are greater than they idly dream.

G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR., Poet, Author, Artist,
Was born in the city of Quebec in 1854. At the age of eighteen,
he <::ngaged in commercial pursuits in N ew York, and when
thirty-six years of age, he had amassed a handsome fortune, he
retired from business and removed to Cap Rouge, near Quebec,
to occupy himself with literature and art. His published works
are, "Canadian Leaves," "Oritani Souvenir," .. Notes on Some
Jesuit 1\I1ss.," "A Winter Carnival," "Rod and Canoe, Rifle and
Snowshoe," " A Ridiculous Courting," and a considerable number
of short stories and poems, contributed to magazines in the
United States. He is a landscape painter of unusual ability, but
follows this art simply as a diversion. His numerous poems have
yet to be gathered into a volume. "Ravenscliffe," the residence
of !\tIr. Fairchild, is one of the most picturesque places on the St.
Lawrence. Its hospitality is unbounded, and its guests are' among
those most distinguished in literature and art. "Ravenscliffe"
is the ideal home of a poet, artist, author-Art seems to be in the
very air that surrounds the home of this genial man of letters.
It was at I\fr. Fairchild's where Sir Gilbert Parker, wrote" The
Seats of the !\tIighty."
Among the most pleasant memories of the months I spent in
and around dear old Quebec, in IÇ)OI, are of the visits to "Raveí1s-
cliffe." Situated as it is on the north bank and far above the
beautiful St. Lawrence" the view for miles around is a very in-
spiration, which added to the perfection of entertainment, leaves
a lasting impresion upon the mind of the visitor.
Mr. Fairchild is a lover of outdoor sports-being a skilled
hunter of big game. He is an expert snowshoer of which win-
ter pastime he is very fond.
The subject of my sketch is quite as well known in the States
as in Canada, as it was there where he formed many of his most

The Preacher's Son.

18 9

lasing frienships. He has that rare faculty of making and re-
taining íriends, and as they are always wisely chosen his list is
a most enviable one.
It is such men as 1\lr. Fairchild who are bringing about In-
ternational good-fellowship, that tends all for good to both ()ur
countries.

GEORGE JOHNSO
, D.C.L., Statistician.

The proverbial" preacher's son" is seldom chosen for a bio-
graphical sketch-save in the daily papers-the morning after,
and then not always very commendably graphic. 1\1r. Johns.:m
is a worthy exception-coming, however, as he does from Nova
Scotia, where exception in may ways, is the rule, he may not
be worthy of exception. Some go so far as to say that he couldn't
help it, that to be other than worthy would not be Nova Scotian.
One does hear so much praise of that Province, that one somehow
gets to thinking very kindly of it. The truth is, that, like Toronto,
I have met so many delightful people from there, that I like both
Province and City, without ever having seen either.
But this is not telling you of one of the greatest Statisticians
in the world.
George Johnson is the son of a 1\ [ethodist clergyman, an
Englishman. His mother was of a French family, members of
which came to England with vVilliam the Conqueror.
1\1r. Johnson was educated at Annapolis Royal (his birth-
place), in Chatham, l\Iiramichi, and at lVlount Allison Academy,
Sackville, N. B., but possibly his best schooling began in 1857,
in Halifax, when he became a wielder of the editorial scissors.
That he did not depend upon this too much used implement is
shown by the position he finally won along toward the top of his
chosen profession. His first editorial was in favor of the union
of all the separate parts of British North America. He has se<:>n
the consumation of his desire, or nearly so-Newfoundland being
the only portion of this great country, not in the Union of the
Provinces-the politicians of the Island not wishing to loss ze
job still hold out, and as usual the people for whom the politicians
do the thinking, allow those interested to run a separate little
government of their own.

19 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

:1\1r. Johnson in 1867, became editor of the Halifax Reporter.
He at once began the advocacy of a National Policy for Canada,
with protection as the main principle. He continued his con-
nection with the Reporter until 1879, with the exception of 1876,
which year he spent in England, and on the Continent of Europe.
He became a member of the N ova Scot
a Bar in 1877.
In 1881 he was appointed Census Chief Commissioner of
Nova Scotia, and that same year was also apDointed to investi-
gate the so-called exodus from that Province. I never saw his
report of the why of

U The Flight of the Bluenoses,"
but judging from the high position always held by them in other
countries, I must conclude that other countries needed them more
than they were needed at home. I have often heard it said of a
man: " He left his country for his country's good," this could 110t
be said of a Nova Scotian as some other country always gets the
U good." Be all this as it may, :Mr. Johnson himself left his
Province for Toronto, where he joined the editorial staff of the
Toronto lVlail, later becoming editor of the Toronto News. In
1882, he came to Ottawa, on the opening of Parliament, as eùi-
torial correspondent of the former paper, which position he held
till 1886.
His accuracy of statement was of far more use in
another field, and he was appointed Canadian Governme;It
Statistician, which position he has held since in the later '80S. In
189 1 , he had charge of the Census of Canada-and that he did
his work well, I can only judge by the silence of those critics,
who sit round waiting for others' mistakes.
It is possible that it was well for us that the Trent Affair
reached only the State of " Affair," as :Mr. Johnson was at that
time a Captain in the 6th Halifax Regiment of Infantry.
His lectures before Colleges, Associations and Societies, have
always attracted more than ordinary attention, as it is ever a con-
clusion that what he has to say will be bright and to the point.
Some of these lectures were: "Place Names," "The Modern
Truth Hunter," "Patriotism," "Impresions of England," "The
Story of Port Royal," " Canada's Northern Fringe," and" Place
N ames in the Arctic Region of the Dominion."
He has been a large contributor to the magazines, his work
being sought! after and never returned with these two fatal words:
" Not available," the bete noir of so many writers,
His works written for the Government, have done a vast
amount of good for Canada, as they reach into every part of the
civilized world. Some of them have gone through many large
editions. His fund of knowledge pertaining to the resources of
other countries, especially in statistical lines. is nothing short of

The U Burke" of Canada.

19 1

marvelous, and so obliging is he known to be, that often our own
people write him for information that they could obtain in W ash-
ington, if they had sufficient patience to wait for the necessary
red tape to be unrolled.
Personally he is-well, I cannot better make him known
to you than by simply saying, The Children all love him. In
hat
sentence is a whole volume. 'The man who is able to accomplish
great things and is loved by children is a man to be envied.

HENRY J. MORGAN, LL.D., F.R.S.C., Biographer.
If the Englishman would know" Who's Who" in England,
there would be no question, he would simply take from his shelf
his "Burke;" if one in any part of the world would know
" vVho's Who" in Canada, he would refer to his" l\lorgan" with
the same assurance as the Englishman refers to his Burke. Some
one has said that ".1'vlorgan is the Burke of Canada." It might
nearly as well be said that "Burke is the Morgan of England."
Be that as it may, Canada owes much to Henry J. Morgan, for
without doubt he has contributed far more to the world's know-
ledge of the people of worth, in this beautiful country of able men
and fair women than has any other writer,
Dr. Morgan was born in Old Quebec in 1842, and received
his education at Morrin College, of that city, under the celebrat
d
Dr. Edwin Hatch of Oxford.
He entered the Public Service, when a lad, during the <ld-
ministration of Lord Elgin, and from the position of a page work-
ed himself up through the various grades of service, to that of
Chief Clerk in the Department of t\1e Secretary of State. For a
number of years he held the office of Keeper of State RecorJs,
and was its first occupant.
In 1873 he was called to the bar, of both Ontario and Que-
bec. That same year he married the daughter of the late Hon.
A. N. Richards, Q.C., Lieut.-Governor of British Columbia, and a
brother of Sir W. B. Richards, the first Chief Justice of Canada.
As already stated, Dr. Morgan is a prolific writer, His re-
cord has been so varied, and his work so praiseworthy, that it
is not easy to do justice to his merits, in so limited a space as \::an
be given.

19 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

Some of his early works have become exceedingly rare, es-
pecially so "The Tour of the Prince of Wales "-now King
Edward-through Canada and the United States, written when
he was a very young man. His" Sketches of Celebrated Cana-
dians" and his "Bibliothica Canadensis," have been quoted as
authorities, both in and out of Canada, more frequently than any
othèr Canadian books of their class,
A famous writer (Mr. John Reade), speaking of his works,
said: "As an experienced public officer, Dr. lVlorgan was admir-
ably fitted for the preparation of such publications as 'Parlia-
mentary Companion' and the 'Dominion Annual Register.' The
latter has had no successor, and it is a cause of regret, for many
reasons that it was not continued." This same writer in com-
menting upon his " 1\ien and \Vomen of the Times" and " Types
of Canadian Women," said: "It is enough to say that the for-
mer has become essential, wherever knowledge of Canada and
her people is neccessary-and that is the world over." Of the
latter John Wanamaker. the great merchant said: "It is the most
beautifully executed work that has ever emanated from the Cana-
dian press," an opinion shared by many other high authorities on
both sides of the Atlantic.
Among his minor works is "A Summary of the Canadian
Constitution," prepared for submission to the English House of
Commons, by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. This work
was attributed to another, although it is said that the "other"
never wrote a line of it.
Saturday Night said of him: "Dr. Morgan is more than a
mere delver, he is a rare historical scholar, and a master of liter-
ary expression."
It was reasonable to expect that the son of one of \Velling-
ton's veterans, should take an interest in matters military. 'fo
his initiative was due the Long Service :Medal for the Canadian
1\iilitia, and he has given the first impulse to much other patriotic
agitation, including the founding of the "Canada First" Party
at the time of the Union in 186 7.
What Dr. Morgan has done for his friends, has not been con-
fined to the work of his pen alone. Too often the man and all he
has done for his country have been forgotten, even by his contem-
poraries. The beautiful monument that marks the spot in Beech-
wood Cemetery, Ottawa, where lies all that was mortal of the
brilliant Nicholas Flood Davin, is due to the remembrance oÍ
Henry J. Morgan, while the names of Father Dawson, P. S.
Hamilton, G. T. Lanigan and Thomas D' Arcy 1\-1cGee, will ever
be associated with the devotion and constancy of one, who re-
members his friends. when many have begun to forget them. It
is, however, to th
credit of Canada, that Dr. Morí!an found so
many to support hl
pleas for honor to departed worth.

Benjamin Suite.

193

Even literary labors are sometimes recognized during the iife-
time of a writer. Such has been the good fortune of the subject
of this sketch, for we find the great University of Ottawa confer-
ring upon him a well merited LL.D. His Royal Socie
y Fel-
lowship; his honorary membership of the Royal Colonial Insti-
tute; his medal from Pope Leo XII!., sent to him (a Protestanc),
by the hand of the late l\Igr. Tanguay, accompanied by a blessing,
all bespeak an appreciation of what he has done for his country.
Very early in his career, he was made a member of the Royal
Society of Northern Antiquaries, of which the King of Denmark
is President. He was elected an honorary member of the New
York Historical Society at the time George Bancroft, the ilìs-
torian, was President of this noted organization.
At the time that Lord Dufferin was elected an honorary
member of the American Geographical Society, Dr.
lorgal1's
name was included as a corresponding member. Like honors
have been conferred upon him by the Society of American Auth-
ors, and the Historical Societies of Quebec, Buffalo and 1Iani-
toba, as well as by the Society of Historical Studies of l\Iontreal.

BEN]Al\IIN SULTE, Poet, Historian.
Benjamin SuIte, historian, lyrical poet and essayist, is doubt-
less the most prolific writer in Canada, and few in all America,
have written more than he for the public. A list of his magazine
articles and pamphlets alone take up four pages of fine type
while his books run far beyond a score,-some of them very large
volumes. He is regarded as an authority on the history of
Canada. aSul te sa'ys," always closes the argument if the question
be things pertaining to the early days of this country. His re-
search is nothing short of marvellous. No point in history or bio-
graphy, but he has well covered from every source. It is said that
he has fully a quarter of a million of clippings and all classifi
d.
No wonder he terms himself " a historical bookkeeper."
'Many, or most writers on prosy subjects write in a prosy
way, but ::\1r. SuIte, is never dull however dull his subject.
Some one has well said of him: "Personallv, l\fr. SuIte is
a charming companion. His friends laughingly declare, that he
is full of fire; ready to laugh, ready to fight," of the last state-

194

Ottawa, The Hub.

ment, I have never seen indication, while noting as correct the
others. To me his charm lies in his conversation-he never hes-
itates for beautifully expressed thoughts. He has the rare
faculty of always talking on the subjects you like best. Being
prepared, almost equally well on every subject, you need but to
indicate the trend of conversation, and then sit and enjoy his
words. This is doubtless why he never writes out a lecture. His
mind seems to be a great reservoir, so accurately compartmented
(to coin), that he needs but to open the gate of the one required
and there lies stored in perfect order, the accumulation of years
of study and research.
His Canadian ancestry runs back to 1756, when Jean Suite
came out from France with, or to join, l\lontcalm at Quebec,
afterward coming up the St. Lawrence to Three Rivers, where
Benjamin was born in 1841. His father was the owner and
captain of a schooner which plied between Quebec and Halifax.
Like many another famous man his school teacher was the
world, the door of the little red school house having closed f:Jf
him when he was ten years old-another proof that a College
education is not required, to bring out the best in a boy af good
mind and application. He fought his way up through a clerk-
ship in a dry goods store, to an important position in the Depaìt-
ment of l\lilitia and Defence, in the Canadian Government. He
has been soldier, editor, translator, as well as author and historian,
and has excelled in all-but best of all as the writer.
He is the President of the Royal Society of Canada, the
most important Society in the Dominion. He has long been a
prominent figure in this organization-no member doing more
than he to bring it up to its present high standard.
He is no doubt the best informed man living, on the North
American Indian, many of our own North \Vestern State .30-
cieties relying upon him to furnish data on the early customs
of our red men.
To write of :1\1r. SuIte, in the meagre space possible to give
in a book of this nature, I must of necessity but barely touch, here
and there, upon the life of him. who has done so much of worth
to preserve the records of his country, and yet I would say
enough to fasten in the minds of distant readers the name of this
remarkable man of letters. I say " distant readers," for here in
Canada, and in many other parts of America, SuIte is a house-
hold word.

II

1änrtraitø of iTatrottø.

19 6

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Pages 153- I 9-1.

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197

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Pages J53-J94.
Sir Frederick Wm. Borden. R. L. Borden.
Hon. Sydney Fisher.
Hun. Charles Fitzpatrick. U. S. Senator J. B. Foraker.

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Sir Charles Tupper,

Pages IS3-194.
Ex-Chief Justice of California.
\\0 111 . T. \\.a]]aceo
Postmaster-(
elleral of C aJ1a , la,
Sir \\'m. Mulock.

P. S. Senator Re(lfieM Proctor.

PART THIRD.

OF WIDER INTEREST..

"DRAMATIC EPISODES IN CANADIAN HISTORY."

Reading matter was very scarce that week we went out fish-
ing, and we had soon finished everything readable in sight, and,
as "Z." might say: "In the wurds of Mr, Pickwick, in Huggo's
Merchant of Venus, we cried for more-more," and the landlady
gave us a holiday number of The Central Canadian, of Carleton
Place. It was a veritable find. In it were the expressions of
many of Canada's foremost men of letters and affairs, under the
above heading. These" expressions" must have been collected
months or mayhap years ago, as several of the familiar names Iud
faces (it was an illustrated number, and in the" Gallery" may
be seen the faces), are those of writers now gone from earth,
making it all the more a valuable" find."
They had replied to the question: "\Yhat do you consíd
r
the most dramatic episodes in Canadian history?" If anyone
think that this young country has not a history, and a very drama-
tic one at that-let him run through these" expressions," culled
from the words of the great men who wrote them.

The H on. Ceo. W. Ross

thought that "the following events might be considered worthy
of illustration-( I) The Origin of Confederation; (2) D' Arc.y
11cGee's last speech, in April I868-made the very night of his
assassination; (3) The Queen placing a wreath on Sir J oim
Thompson's coffin, in Windsor Castle; (4) Laura Secord on her
march to Beaverdam; and (5) The burning of the Parliament
Buildings in 1849."

20 4

Ottawa, The Hub.

Colonel Geo. T. Denison,
of Toronto, thought these the most dramatic: " ( I) The landing ut
Jacques Cartier at Quebec, the commencement of a movemeat
which has changed the whole face of the northern half of this
continent, and replaced the Savage with European Civilization;
(2) The death of Wolfe, and the victory on the Plains of Abra-
ham, which brought Canada into the British Empire; (3) Mont-
gomery's night attack on Quebec; (4) General Brock's appeal
to the York l\Iilitia-in 1812-to follow him anywhere, illj defence
of the Province; (5) Brock proroguing the House of Assembly
and proclaiming 1\lartial Law-Aug, 5th, 1812; (6) The scene
in front of the City Hall, Toronto, on the night of Dec. 4 th , 18 37,
when Sir Francis Bond Head, saw the citizens sworn in to up-
hold the Queen's authority; (7) The scene in the Canadian Par-
liament when Sir John 1\lacdonald and Hon. Geo. Brown clasped
hands, and agreed to unite on bringing about Confederation; and
(8) The departure of the first Canadian Contingent from Quebtc
in 1899."

Sir John B ourinot
looked upon Wolfe's victory, as the most dramatic, while he gave
prominence to " two great battles in the war of 1812-14." These
were The Chateauguay and Lundy's Lane.

James Bain, Jr.,
gave precedence to the death of Wolfe and 1\lontcalm, while he
saw much of the dramatic in minor incidents, such as "Champlain's
first sight of Lake Huron; Frontenac's reception of the Iroquois
Chiefs; destruction of the Hurons; death of Dollard at the Long
Sault (Carrillon) in 1660; death of 1\lontgomery; 1\lackenzi
> s
first sight of the Pacific; Scene at defeat of Sir John A. Mac-
donald in House of Commons; and the departure of the Can:.l-
dian troops for South Africa."

Prof. Goldwin Smith,
saw most of the dramatic in: " The landing of Cartier; preaching
of the Jesuits to the Indians; Siege of Quebec; Deaths of W oâe
and Montcalm; Arrival of the United Empire Loyalists; holding'
of the First Assembly by Simcoe at Niagara; founding of Tor-
onto; Simcoe at Castle Frank; Capture of Detroit, representing
allied Indians; Death of Brock; Burning of the Caroline; Signing
of Confederation."
Sir Charles Tupper
heads his list of great events with the Confederation, but very
close to that comes the driving of the last spike of the great trans-
continental line of railway, by Lord Strathcona. It is worthy of

Dramatic Episodes.

20 5

remark, that this spike was driven five years before the expira-
tion of the time allowed for the completion of the road. ,. But
there arises to my mind," writes Sir Charles, ,. a more dramatic
incident than that, and that is that on the 30th day of Octobtr,
1899, in the city of Quebec, was witnessed the great event of a.
Contingent, over a thousand strong, embarking to lend their aId
to Her ...\lajesty's Arms in South Africa," and concluding he said:
" 1 can imagine no act that has ever transpired that was of greatf..:r
importance to the Empire, than the action that Canada took on
that occasion."
Rev. Principal Grant,
called up many events of vast importance to Canada: "( I) Car-
tier's discovery of Quebec; (2) The founding of :l\lontreal by
:Maisoneuve; (3) The founding of Quebec by Champlain; (4)
Wolfe's death and the inauguration, on Dufferin Terrace, of the
common monument to him and ::\Iontcalm; (5) The Assembling of
the First Legislature of Upper Canada in 1791 at Niagara; (6)
Brock and Tecumseh crossing the river to capture Detroit in
1812; (7) The Quebec Conference (1866), at which the Consti-
tution of the Dominion was drawn up; (8) The great Inter-
colonial Conference held in Ottawa, at the suggestion of Sir Sand-
ford Fleming; (9) The sailing of the first Contingent for South
Africa."

Louis Frechette,
chooses, what, to my mind, is the greatest event of all. There
have been many incidents of interest to, and including greate.r
numbers, but none so dramatic, as the one he gives in these few
words: "In my opinion the great deed of Dollard and his com-
panions, is the most dramatic episode of Canadian history. It
throws in the shade Leonidas and his three hundred at
Thermopylae,"
H on. J. N. Longley
thinks the battle on the Plains of Abraham, the most drama-
tic incident, and but little less dramatic, the forcible expulsion of
the French from Grande Pre in 1755. "If Canada should be
properly regarded from the date of the Union, the most dramatic
incident was the announcement by Sir J ohn
Iacdonald of the
resignation of his Government on the 5th day of November, 1873."

Rev. Dr. John Potts.

"A dramatic incident worthy of illustration, was when in
1760,
\Iurray, within the wallg of Quebec, and de Levis, from í:he
French camp outside, watched for the coming of the ship, that
would bring food and arms to either besieged or besiegers. An-
other dramatic incident was the surrender of Detroit to Brock, on
the 16th day of August, 1812."

206

Ottawa, The Hub.

Nicholas Flood Davin,
thought that: " The departure of the first Contingent to fight for
the integrity of the Empire-had every feature of a first-class
dramatic incident. It was a great national deed, by which
C
nada took her place definitely as an active force, side by siJe
wIth England. It expressed a great and widely diffused emotion.
It excited admiration, enthusiasm, hope, fear, anticipation of
triumph. It was in the highest degree spectacular."

Dr. George Stewart,
of Quebec, speaks truly, when he says: "Canada is so rich in
dramatic incidents, that it would be difficult to single out one as
the most dramatic in our history. I would mention the repulse
of Phips, before the walls of Quebec by Count Frontenac, and the
heroic defence of her father's fort and block-house., against a band
of Iroquois, by 1Iadeleine, the young heroine of Vercheres, as sub-
j eds eminently.strong in dramatic episodes, and capable of spirit-
ed treatment."

Dr. Geo, R. Parkin and Mr. W. L. Grant.

Dr. Parkin sent, as his contribution to the discussion, a paper
prepared by Mr. W. L. Grant, son of the late beloveq Principal
Grant, of Queen's University. This paper is so excellent in both
thf; stories told, and the beautiful manner of their telling, that f
will give it complete.
,: A distinction must be made between a dramatic incident
and a dramatic moment, The most dramatic moment in the
history of Canada, was certainly when, on the 8th of Septemb
r,
17 60 , Vaudreuil capitulated at J\:'[ontreal, and the whole of Canada
passed into the hands of Britain.
" Some would doubtless decide in favor of the defense of the
Long Sault (CarriUon), when Daulac (Dollard), and his sixteen
companions took the last sacrament, and then went forth to
Canada's Thermopylae. Others would prefer the defense of Ver-
cheres, when a girl of fourteen, with a garrison of four, of whom
two were her younger brothers, held out for a week against a
strong force of Indians, and then with girlish grace, handed over
her charge to the young officer who came with relief from 1\10n-
treal.
"But perhaps the palm must be awarded to 1\:'[adame la
Tonr's defense of her husband's fort against his rival Charnisay.
So fierce was the resistance, such the spirit which this heroic
woman inspired in her scanty garrison, that Charnisay was fain
to come to terms. 'Then (from Roberts' history of Canada, datc
16 45), came the act which has brought Charnisay's name dO\\'ll

Dramatic Episodes.

20 7

in a blaze of infamy. His end once gained and the fort in his
hands he mocked the woman whom he could not conquer in fair
fight, and tore up the capitulation before her face The brave
garrison he took man by man and hung them in the open yard of
the fort; while their mistress, sinking with horror, was held to
watch their struggles, with a halter about her neck. Charnisay
carried her to Port Royal; and there, within three weeks of the
ruin of her husband, the destruction of her home, the butchery
of her loved and loyal followers, the heroine of Acadie died of a
broken heart.'
" Nothing in history can exceed the power of this story. It is
more dramatic than that of :11adeleine, because more pathetic;
more moving than that of Daulac (Dollard, because over it is cast
the tender grace of a woman's love, the pitiful tradgedy of a wo-
man's despair. Daulac at laast fell fighting, with his clubbed mus-
ket in his grasp, and in his heart the consciousness of duty done, of
honor redeemed, and of his country rescued; 1\Iadeleine surviv
>d
to be petted and perhaps spoiled by adoring parents; but lVladame
la Tour died, her life a failure, her heart broken by defeat and
shame; yet her story is perhaps more glorious, and is certainly
more dramatic, than that of the heroine of Vercheres or the
1Iartyrs of the Long Sault."
His Grace Archbishop Longevin.
The Secretary of His Grace Archbishop Langevin, of St.
Boniface, vVinnipeg, wrote: "In reply to the inquiry, I am
authorized to say that in His Grace's opinion, the most dramatic
incident in the history of Canada, is the almost simultaneous
death, on September 13th-14th, 1759, of Wolfe and l'vlontcalm,
because of the chivalric character of both Generals, and of :..Í1e
momentous issue involved in that battle."

*

*

*

*

*

*

Sir Sandford Fleming.
Later.-One day, long after reading the foregoing, I asked
the question of Sir Sandford Fleming: "\Vhat incident do JOU
consider of the greatest import to Canada?"
"The most important event, to my mind; the one that has
been more to Canada, than any other, is the arrival of the Un;ted
Empire Loyalists in the several parts of the country, where they
first sett]ed. There have been other incidents more dramatic, uut
none so far reaching for good. Since the date of their arri val
their spirit has had an uplifting influence at every stage in
ur
history. It now permeates every class in all sections of the Dom-
inion and will be felt as long as time shall last.

208

Ottawa, The Hub.

" These men were of the very cream of the country they left
behind them ,
" In looking over the list you have shown me; a list, by the
way, in which I find some of the great men of our country, it is
nott-worthy the large number of them from the Lower Provinces,
and especially so from Nova Scotia-almost one half of the num-
ber. And again the greater number of them are men, in whose
veins runs the blood of United Empire Loyalists."

Doctor George Johnson.
To be certain just what was the most dramatic incident of
Canadian history, I asked Doctor George Johnson. \Vithout a
moment's hesitation, he replied, as though he had expected my
coming: .. The most spectacular event in our country's history,
was the appearance of General Wolfe before the Gibralter of
Canada, with 20 ships of the line 1 10 frigates, 18 smaller vessds
and many transports and store ships, with 18,000 men, for the
Siege of Quebec, culminating in the deaths of Generals \V olfe and
Montcalm. Nothing more spectacular ever occurred in the
world's history. It was not only dramatic, but the result changed,
for all time, the political features of half a continent."

Rev. Doctor W. T. Herridge.
For much in a few words is this, from the great Presbyterian
minister, Rev. Dr. W. T. Herridge, of this city:
" In the drama of sentiment, the most dramatic event in
he
history of Canada, is the federation of the several Provinces into
one great Dominion."

Rev. Doctor Ceo. F. Salton.
When the Rev. Dr. Geo. F . Salton, of Dominion :l\1ethodist
Church, of Ottawa, was asked the question, he unhesitatingly
gave this answer:
"In a country so full of the dramatic, so replete with the spec-
tacular, so abounding in episodes worthy a place in history, it
would be difficult to select one that stands out and above all, were
it not for the fact, that Wolfe, on the Plains of Abraham, gave
to the world a page, which stands, and must forever stand alone.
In itself it was dramatic; in its results it was far reaching. Dra-
matic in that on the very moment when \Volfe heard the glad cry
of victory, he learned how true were the words of his favorite
verse, 'The paths of glory lead but to the grave.' Dramatic aud
far reaching in results, in that both Wolfe, the beseigcr, and 1\lont-
calm, the beseiged, fell in the battle that changed the conditions
of the American Continent."

Dramatic Episodes.

20 9

Benjmnin S1tlte J F.R.S.C.
"There are two ways to look at the question," said Mr.
Benjamin SuIte, the famous Canadian historian. "The incident
which had the furthest reaching influence in the history of
Canada, was in 1775, when .Montgomery was repulsed at Ouebec.
It was the turning point-had he won at that time the whole
American Continent would have been under one flag.
"Looking at the dramatic side of the question, I can think
of no incident more dramatic, than this. In 1687, the
Governor, being unable to cope with the Indians in war
-called together at Kingston 80 or 90 of their Chiefs, to
hold a peace conference. The Chiefs came as honorable men to
meet an honorable enemy, who instead of treating with them,
took them all prisoners and sent them to France, where they were
thrown into the galleys as slaves taken in honorable warfare. In-
deed, the Governor, gave the King to understand that they
had been captured in fair battle, and thus gained the temporary
praise of his King and country...
"Later, Frontenac learning the truth, did all he could to re-
pair the wrong, but it was too late, for all but a very few, possibly
less than ten, had died as slaves. This to me was the most dra-
matic-the most tragic-the most infamous.
" From no other one cause did the French suffer so much as
from this act of Denonville. It brought on a most disastrous war,
which lasted for nearly 14 years, causing untold suffering among
the inhabitants."
l\fr. SuIte in speaking of the Iroquois-they it were wh,)
waged the war-said: "Even in that day this tribe was half
civilized, and had America not been discovered until now, the
'Columbus' would have found a people rivaling the Greeks in
their most enlightened age."

210

Ottawa, The Hub.

THE CANADIAN NATIONAL l\iUSEUìvL
There is an unpretentious stone building down on Sussex
Street, a few doors north of Rideau. It was once the :Military
Barracks, built very long ago. When compared to the great gov-
ernment buildings to be seen in other parts of the city, it seems
insignificant, and you might pass it unnoticed, but from this busy
hive go out a small army of workers, into every nook and corner
of this vast Dominion, and gather in more of that which will
build up-is building up, is making known-the marvellous r-e-
sources of Canada, than any other of the many departments.
"Build up?" I should have said rather" discover," for that is
what this army of the Hon. Clifford Sifton, 1iinister of the In-
terior, is doing. I can better tell you of this work by asking you
to visit with us this old l\Iuseum-and as we stroll through, -calk
about it.
l\Iuseums to me have but little interest; I cannot say that" All
bones look alike to me," but the lVIuseum, with its fossils of ages
gone by, lying in rows of cases, or strung on wires, appeals so
little, that I was in Ottawa several months before I even stepped
inside the Geological 1iuseum, and then only by chance, when, to
my great surprise, I saw that I had missed the greatest attractbn
of the city, and at once contracted the l\Iuseum habit, and if ever
you come to Ottawa, don't fail to visit it. Here you will see very
few bones and shells. Canada is not a land of fossils, but so much
of the rare and beautiful, that I found more real pleasure than I
could have found in a gallery of art.
As each department would and does require many books to
tell of the work done, I cannot but glance at the whole in so short
a space, and that glance a very quick one, if glance could be other
than quicll. Pick up a book at random. Let's see: " Summal-Y
Report of the Geological Survey Department (detailed report
later), by Robert Bell, Acting Deputy-Head and Director," a b01k
of 26 9 pages, with ten colored maps, This is but one. To show
the work done, I would not be wrong if I said that it took S,ooo
pages just to tell of it-S,ooo pages boiled down from possibly
10,000 pages of field notes, so you may know the vastness of it all.
Survey parties go into all parts of the Dominion, throughout the
summer; they examine section after section, the soil, the minerals,
the forests, the elevations, grasses, flowers, birds, animals. In
short, there is a department for everything, and in this l\luseum
may be found classified, each in its own section. Have in mind
any county in any of the provinces, and you will find the resources
of that county, in minerals, vegetable growth, birds, animals-all
-each clas3ified, so that if you are wanting to know if there is
gold or other valuable minerals in any locality, find the case, for
that locality, and there you will see the specimens, if there are
minerals to be found in that county.

Something Happened to the Boston Man. 2I I

One soon gets the impression that one knows very little, ev
n
about the most simple thing. Suppose you were asked how many
species of moss there are in Canada. I will wager you would not
come as near as the Colonel did, when Prof. John :Macoun, the
world-famous botanist, asked us that question. The Colonel rf-
membered the time he counted 17 distinct species, so he took a {un
breath, and adding 100, said: " 117." The Professor smiled, "You
are just 1,079 too short, I have found 1,196 species." It was the
same with birds. "I have classified 650 species, or forms of
birds; we have about all the birds that you have, save those in the
Gulf section in your Southern States. Your birds come to us in
the summer, hatch their young, and go back in the winter."

Something Happened to the Boston ]Vlan.
We were passing the seal case, where there were some very
beautiful specimens. We got on the subject of the Canadians ta.k-
ing seals in the sea. There was a Boston man standing by, who
spoke up and said: " Professor, you have no right to our seals,
we own those islands where they breed, and in your peleagic ,ie-
struction, you take our property." I could see the Professor's
eyes twinkle, and I knew that something ,\Tas going to happen to
that Boston man; I didn't know just what was going to happ
n,
but I knew that that twinkle wasn't twinkled for nothing. The
Professor didn't reply, to my surprise, but seemed to change the
subject.
" I beg pardon, but do you ever hunt down in your country?"
" Oh, yes; and our hunting is good."
" \\That do you hunt mostly?"
" \Vell, in the autumn, our ponds and lakes are full of geese
and ducks; oh, it is rare sport."
" Yes, but," said the Professor, "you should not shoot those
ducks and geese; you have no right to them."
" And why not, pray?" asked Mr. Boston, in open-eyed sur-
prise.
" You have no right to a single goose; they were all hatched
up here, and we own the land."
Say, you ought to have seen Mr. Boston. He never said an-
other word, but walked over to see that big buffalo in the glass
case.
The Professor's son, J as. 1\1:., also of this department. has just
returned from an extended exami11ation of the Peace River co In-
try, about which he has made an extended report.
And this leads up to Dr. Henry \mi, who has compld-
ed the compiling of a book of nearly 200 pages (boil-
ed down from 10,000 of field notes), with colored maps
showing the resources of the country between Quebec and Winni-
peg, along the proposed line of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway.

212

Ottawa The Hub.

When I see all th
possibilities of this country, and note the
strides now being made toward developing it, I cannot but wonder
what it will be when the vast works projected shall have been com-
pleted. The building of this new road to the Pacific is but a start;
before the first train passes over its full length, a net work of cross
lines will have been begun, and many of them completed, as feed-
ers to the great trunk line. I once thought that the Canadians
did not fully realize the greatness of their country, but they are
beginning to show to the world that they are waking up to the
fact that theirs is a land of " vast resources" (as Senator Proctor
calls it), and those resources must be developed.
As I started to tell you that this work of Dr. Ami's shows that
what is now all but useless to Canada, if developed would add un-
told millions of wealth, and furnish work and homes for millions
of new citizens. I was greatly surprised, as you will be, to hear
of the real Hudson Bay. I had always thought of it as a frozen
sea; not so.
Hudson Bay an Open Sea.
Here is a body of water over eighteen times larger than Lake
Superior, which never freezes over, and owing to the isothermal
lines running here so far north, the same crops that grow in Scot-
land are grown at Fort George, 200 miles np the east coast of the
Bay. How I would like to tell you more of this marvellou& local-
ity, but I have not the space; and then to think that this road to

Winnipeg the Conting Babylon of the North
Winnipeg-that coming Babylon of the North-is but the little
pathway leading up to the mighty railway on to the Pacific, open-
ing up a country of such marvellous wealth that the most far-see-
ing Canadian but views it as in a vague dream.

AI arvellous Resources of the Northwest Territory.
This little I've told vou is but a sentence in a book, of thou-
sands of pages, and yet 'tis all I can give. I might go on and tell
you of coal deposits so far beyond comprehension that you would
not believe the story. I would not dare tell you that in the Crow's
N est Basin alone, in British Columbia, there is a deposit so great
that a million tons per year might be mined for thousands of years,
and if I told you that the enormous wheat crop of
lanitoba is
raised by 3 8 ,000 farmers, while there is land enough in that one
province for over 200,000 farmers, each with a good farm, you
would think I had figured wrong. And
Ianitoba is the smallest of
all the wheat-growing provinces and territories of the west. J
would tell you of how we go to Switzerhnd to see glaciers which
are but miniatures compared to the Canadian Selkirks in the
Rocky J\.Iountains, where, from the summit of the Albert Canyon,

TVhat is Canada?

21 3

117 glaciers may be counted at one time. "vVhy have we "lot
heard of all this wonderland before ?" you ask. I reply, because
the Canadians themselves are just finding it out. Thirty years
ago our Consul at Winnipeg, " Saskatuwan " Taylor, wrote, that
three-fourths of the wheat lands of America was in the Canadian
North-west, but no one up here believed the story, and it has taken
them years to find it out, but under the able ::\Iinister of the T n-
terior, they are now making wonderful progress.
This one branch, the Department under Robert Bell, LL.D.,
F.R.S., Acting Deputy, with Dr. J. F. \Vhiteaves, Dr. 1\1. C. Hoff-
man, others mentioned and 52 able assistants, is doing a work that
will open the eyes of the world. \Vhen we think of this bemg
but one branch of the Hon. Clifford Sifton's work. we can 1,AlÌ
wonder at what one man can do. Besides this Department, he has
that of Indian Affairs, deputy, ìvlr. Frank Pedley; Immigration,
Dominion Lands and Crown Timber, under l\fr. Jas.
\. Smart, as
deputy.

WHAT IS CANADA?

(The Author, in 1902, visited a large number of the cities in
the States, where he asked the school children many questions
about Canada, and told them of their great neighbor to the North.)
" Class in Geography, stand up! What do you know about
Canada ?"
" \Vhat! yon don't know anything about it ? Well, just stand
there until I tell you a few things." And I kept them on the
floor till I told them that:
Canada's area is 3,745,574 square miles, and had in 19 0 I.
5,37 1 ,3 1 5 of a population.
It has seven Provinces (which are States with us) and nine
Territories.
It has 2,397,167,292 acres of land, of which 80,483,222 acres
are water. Great lake country is Canada. In fact, it has so ma'1Y
lakes that in some places there is not room for them on land, and
you find them right in the rivers. The Ottawa River, for illus-
tration, might be described as a chain of lakes connected by wat
r,
1\lany of the lakes of Canada are surpassingly beautiful, and
abound with fish, making it a very paradise for the lovers of the
rod and reel.
C omþarative Area of Provinces.
" Prince Edward Island is the smallest province, and has but
2,184 square miles, not quite half the size of Connecticut; while
British Columbia, with 37 2 ,63 0 square miles, is a little larger than

21 4

Ottawa J The Hub.

Texas, Illinois and Ohio, or nearly as large as France, England,
Scotland and Ireland.
" Nova Scotia (21,428 square miles) is a little smaller than
\Vest Virginia. New Brunswick (27,985 square miles) is a little
less than l\Iaine. :Manitoba (73,732 square miles) is a little
larger than Ohio and the Indian Territory. Ontario (260,862
square miles) is a
large as all that part of our country from the
Illinois line of the l\1ississippi to the Atlantic Ocean, including
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and
all the New England States, except New Hampshire and Maine.
, What! Don't believe it? \Vell, count for yourselves.'
"Quebec (351,000 square miles) is a little larger than all of
these States, with Kentucky, West Virginia and l\1aryland thrown
in for good measure.
"Now, class, you will get some notion of what Canada is
when you count up and find that the Provinces I have been telling
you about, only take up a little more than 1,100,000 square miles
of Canada, leaving over 2,600,000 square miles for the Territories,
and many of these Territories are so rich in soil and mineral wealth
that befóre many years they must become populous Provinces."

Rivers.
"Children, you would be surprised to see the great rivers
they have up there. How many in the class know how many
rivers in Canada are navigable?"
" One!" says the boy with the freckles,
" Class, is that right?" I ask.
" Yes," they all say, proud to know one question.
" \Vhat river is it?" I continue.
" The St. Lawrence!" in loud chorus.
" You're all wrong. It has a large number of navigable
streams. It has one river which you hardly know in name, away
up north, where a steamboat runs more miles than you could iUl1
on the l\lississippi River, not counting the IVlissouri as part of ,:he
l\lississippi. It is the great :Mackenzie River, which flows from
Athabaska Territory to the Arctic Ocean. Besides this, there ë:.re
very many others navigable for hundreds of miles. Canada is
full of great rivers that you can hardly find on the poor maps your
teachers make you study. Take, for instance, Lake St. ] ohn, in
the Province of Quebec, until recently only a spot on the map-
and even yet not noticed in some geographies-well, there are a
number of large rivers running into this Lake St. John, which, if
placed end to end, would reach one-third of the way across the
continent. This one fact will show you how little is known of this
great country."

Rube talks to Principal and Teachers about Things Canadian. 215

Railroads.

" How many railro2.ds are in Canada?"
" Two I" from the little girl who said she once visited Canada.
" What are they?" I asked.
" The Canadian Pacific and the Quebec and Lake St. John."
(This answer was really given, and I knew where she had
been. )
" Now, listen; Canada has a large number of railroads, or as
the Canadians call them, railways. Nearly 20,000 miles of them,
and are just now getting ready to build a great many more thou-
sands of miles. You see, their country is developing so fast that
they are compelled to build them; why, inside of ten years our
great neighbors will have 50,000 miles of railways. They will
have to have them to keep pace with the progress of the country."

Cities.
" How many cities has Canada?"
"Three," from another travelled one.
"What are they?" I just wanted to know where she had
been.
"Quebec, Toronto and Lachine."
I smiled as I thought of the only impression :Montreal had
made upon the child's mind. She remembered the" Rapids."
Then I told them of Halifax, St. John, Quebec, l\Iontreal, King-
ston, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, London, vVinnipeg, Edmonton,
Victoria and Vancouver. "Besides these there are very many
little cities which will soon be big ones, as they are growing very
fast. "
Well, I kept that class on the floor until I had practically told
them of Canada in a way as to make them want to know a great
deal more about it. One of the teachers asked: " vVhy does not
Canada get out books telling us about their country?"
" It does-thousands of them,"
" Queer, I have never seen one, except railroad folders, which
we only look at when we want to take a trip."
" There is one reason, and a good one it is, why the outside
world does not know of the real Canada, with its resources of
everything that goes to make up a land of fabulous wealth, and
that reason is that Canada is just now waking up to the fact her-
self. I know little of the political matters up there, but the party
in power do seem to be doing much toward the proper development
of the country."
The teachers and children all said: " We will study ab)ut
Canada," and among two hundred letters I afterwards received
from the children, I saw plainly that they had kept their promises.

216

Ottawa, The Hub.

Rube talks to PrinciPal and Teachers about things Canadian.
In one of the schools, the Principal and teachers became so
interested that I had to stay and tell them many things which the
children could not so well have understood.
" \ Vhat proportion of the Dominion are foreigners?" asked
the Principal.
As I had seen 1\1:r. George Johnson before I had made my
school tour, I readily answered. "British Colul11bia-of ihe
Provinces-has the largest, 26% ; while Prince Edward Island has
the smallest, 0.83%; IVlanitoba, 15.75%; Ontario, 3.07%; Quebec,
2.5 0 %; Kew Brunswick, 2.05%; Nova Scotia, 1.37%. Then, of
the unorganized territories, 19.13 %; and the Northwest Terri-
tories, 30.83%.
"\Vhat proportion become naturalized?"
" 55.3 8 % become Canadian citizens. This per cent would ue
much larger but for the fact that so many have come too recently
to take out their citizen's papers. The immigration just now is
very large-since the world is finding out that Canada has more
sunshine than snow, as much freedom as a republic, and that mil-
lions of acres of land of unequalled richness are only waiting-a
free gift-for the men willing to better their condition, by occupy-
ing and tilling these waiting acres."

Educational Advantages of Canada.
The Principal wanted to know: " \Vhat is Canada doing for
education ?"
" Everything possible." Just here I could not resist being a
bit sarcastic. "It is not content with teaching Canada alone, it
even teaches the children that there are other countries in the
world besides Canada, with the result that the children know al-
most as much of the United States as do the children of the States
know of their own country. \\'-hy, the Province of Ontario is said
to have the best public school system in the world. l\.1:anitoha
pays $28.50 per family for public education, while Quebec pays
$7. 12 per family." When I told them the salaries paid teachers
in the Province of Quebec, they would scarce believe it possible-
$275 minimum, $440 maximum.

Woodland.
" We have heard that Canada is all 'woods.' What are the
facts ?"
" If by , woods' you mean forests, it is not, by any means; but
of you mean woodland, including forests and land where are trees,
I can give you the percentage of such lands. British Columbia
leads with 80%; New Brunswick, 52.90%; Quebec, 51.22%;

Ignoran;ce irt England about Canada.

I7

Ontario, 46.31%; Manitoba, 36.50%; Nova Scotia, 30.40%, while
the North-west Territories have 33.64%. Of the valuable pine
forests Ontario leads, and here the" limits" are the most valuable,
but the way timber is being cut d0wn, it will not last many year
;
and in but few localities would General Roberts have any trouble
finding manoeuvring space."
" Is it true that Canada is becoming a great cheese exporter?"
asked the teacher from up N ew York State.
" Not becoming, but long since become. In 36 years (1868
to 1903), the United States exported $307,751,085 worth of cheese,
while in 35 years (1869 to 1903), Canada exported $319,360,000
worth."
Proportion of Land under Culti'l/ation.
" Is much of the land under cultivation?" asked the teacher
who had recently left the farm.
" Very little, so far. Here is the percentage in the seven
Provinces. British Columbia, 0.20% ; Manitoba, 9.70% ; Ontario,
9.4 0 %; Quebec, 3.40%; New Brunswick, 8.00%; Nova Scotia,
9.3 0 %; Prince Edward Island, 52.00%. You will not believe that
Manitoba, which is already producing many millions of bushels
has less than 10% of its 41,000,000 acres under cultivation."
I must have talked to them for an honr on Canada and its vast
resources. They did not seem to grow tired of asking questions,
and I was so delighted to have such attentive listeners, on a sl1b-
jf'ct I have grown to love, that if my train had not been in such a
hurry to leave that town, I would have gladly extended the time.
It is ever a pleasure to me to teach teachers, and especially so
if the subject is Canada, about which I found lamentable ignor-
ance.

IGNORANCE IN ENGLAND ABOUT CANADA.

In 1829 John Mactaggart, who was with Colonel By, wrote
two very entertaining volumes on Canada in general, and
his
section in particular. John tried to start a Society for the"Pro-
motion of Natural History." He said: "I want to show honest
J elm Bull the extent and importance of his vast domains on Ihis
side of the Atlantic. He shall not be kept blindfolded as he has
been. He shall not be allowed to send water-butts to his fleets on
the lakes, for he shall be told whether their waters are salt or
fresh." Poor :Mactaggart, his " Society" could not have accom-
plished its object, for General Roberts, in 1903, says that all !1e
knows of Canada is that it is a country of vast forests, and he is
a
a loss to know if in the Dominion there is enough cleared 1and
to manoeuvre an army. I would commend to him Racey's" Eng-

218

Ottawa The Hub.

!ishman in Canada." Such dense ignorance is hardly excusable
In a peasant, much less in one so great in British affairs as General
"Bobs." He could hardly have wanted to know of Canada and
its" manoeuvring space," else he had asked General Wolseley,
who could have told him, and could have told him, too, that he
(Wolseley) found the Canadians" the best guides in intricate
places I have ever met."
The members of the British Chamber of Commerce, who
visited Canada in 1903, no doubt carried back vast knowledge
of this wonderful land. They were a fine body of men, wide-
a wake, and were over here to learn of the resources of the
Dominion. To many of them the vastness of the country was a
revelation. It is to be hoped, however, that if they should come
again that they will bring with them a newspaper reporter who
will not get his rivers so badly mixed up as did the one th
y
brought with them on that occasion. \Vhile here the party took
the trip down the log slide at the Chaudiere. This writer was
along, and in graphically describing it to his home paper, said:
" We glided off into the broad waters of the St, Lawrence" (over
100 miles way).
My dear people of Canada, I beg of you to be patient. Don't
try to hurry honest John Bull, for he is doing his best to get his
people to know your country in its true light. You see, Uncle
John has a whole lot of schoolbook makers over there who must
have gone to school to Gulliver, or to Baron J\.Iunchausen mayhap,
and in their idle moments exercised their imaginative faculties
upon Canada. The school boards have begun on these books, and
will gradually eliminate the lVlunchausen features. I have it from
creditable authorities that the following things will be taken from
the school books this coming year. Of course, you can't expect
England to remove all errors at once; it would be too great a
shock for them to have suddenly to unlearn all they know of this
land of sunshine and flowers. But these are the things to be cut
out next year:
"Haymakers frozen to death in their tents. The In-
dians are now quite tame. There are places where hay-
making has all to be done at night-time, because the men dare
not face the flies during the hot days. In the summer, milk
is delivered in solid cakes to the customers. \Vhen once the
winter sets in, the people are frozen up till the spring."
When we had gotten hurriedly through these English geo-
graphy questions, I asked:-
"Colonel, what else does that wonder-finding geography
say?"
"Niagara Suspension Bridge has two storys," he read.
" And neither one of them true," said 1.

Fool Stories told of Canada.

21 9

" What?"
"The storys. K ext ?"
" Halifax has almost all the essentials of a successful harbor."
" I'll wager, Colonel, that I can guess what it lacks."
"What, Rube?"
" A bay window."
" I'm afraid, Rube, you're inclined to make light of the geo-
graphy of Canada taught the little English children, but listen
to this: The chief states at present are, Quebec, :l\laine and New
Brunswick. What do you think of that?"
"That the 'last state' of that geographer was worse than
the first, or that he was in Rhode Island when he wrote it."
" Why Rhode, Island?"
" Because he must have been in a very bad state at the time.
Next ?"
"The Atlantic Coast is most useful at present for sevelal
reasons. It has splendid communication inland by railways, but
it has one great drawback. 110st of it is frozen up in winter:'
" That's the best of the lot. He is right. The Atlantic Coast
is most useful. I really don't see what Canada could do without
the coast. ] ust to think, suppose Canada had no coast on that
side at all, what would she do? I really can't think. Again, he
is right about that great drawback. I've heard of a certain warm
place freezing over, but never before heard of the Atlantic getting
itself into that congealed condition. Any more, Colonel?"
" Yes, just one more. Ottawa, though quite a small town,
is a suitable place for the Capital of the Dominion."
" That explains it all, Colonel. I see now; yes, I see through
it plainly."
" vVhat do you see?"
" That geography was written nearly fifty years ago, and ;:he
people over there haven't yet heard that Ottawa has grown, so
they just let it go at that. But, Colonel, I gu
ss we have maùe
capital enough out of those benighted geographers over there,-
then, on the quiet-our people down home are not much better
informed, but I'll not tell it up here."
Facts, at first hard, are always more reliable. Here are a
few from J\1r. H. S. Taylor, late of the London Ti1nes, now in Ot-
tawa: "There were 2,500 people on the ship over. Of all the
number not one knew a thing about Canada. One man, a brick-
layer, was going to Winnipeg. He had no notion, when he land-
ed at Quebec, how far it was to Winnipeg, and only had 60 cents
left to carry him that long journey. Since I have been in Ottawa
my sister has written me of the various people who have call
d
to have her write me to visit friends of theirs. One has a friend
in Newark, N.]. (500 miles away) ; another at Lakeside, Man"

::uo

Ottawa, The Hub.

(1,5 00 miles a way) ; but the most anxious caller was one who has
a dear friend in Redlands, California (3,000 miles away).
" Have your brother to write and tell what kind of place is Red-
lands, as I may go over next year 1" These are but samples.

Fool Stories.
Mr. J as. A. Smart, Deputy Minister of the Interior, has t.
_
n'ntly returned from Europe, where he had gone in the interest
of immigration. He found that the foreigners' impressions of
Canada were not entirely due to the ignorance of the geograph
rs
and writers of that country, but that some of the worst stories
were sent over by Canadian correspondents of old country news-
papers. I t is to be hoped that the correspondents are not native
Canadians; and again, one, cannot but think that the writers wr
te
in malice, for in truth I have found Canada so delightful a coun-
try that nothing short oÍ dense ignorance or malice could cause
a writer to speak other than well of this beautiful land, I sneak
thus, and I am not a native. I know of no country-not even my
own-where the chances are greater for the immigrant than right
here in Canada. I have spent three winters here, and have foui.1d
the weather quite to my liking. In speaking thus I have nothing
either to lose or'to gain. I state it as a simple fact, and in justice
to a people whose kindness have made me love their country.
Apropos of the chances here to the immigrant. He can now
get land for a free gift, which, inside of ten years, will be worth
a fortune to him, and during those ten years he may live pleasant-
ly, instead of barely existing in his own country.
And a word to the European who may now be living under
a monarchy. There is not a country on earth-not excepting
Switzerland-that is freer to-day than is Canada. Many a one
reading this may think, as lance thought, that because this coun-
try is under a king that it is ruled by a king. It is not. Th

people make their own laws, and the King has so little to do with
it that, save in name, Canada is independent, and receives only
benefit by being a part of the British Empire.

THE COLONEL VISITS THE BOARD OF TRADE.

"Colonel," said I, one day when I had to take a trip out on
one of the" Spokes," " I will leave you in town to find out thing-so
People in other countries will want to know of the business and
other things practicable about Ottawa." When I returned I was
surprised at his fund of information, and at once gave him cre(lit
for much work. The credit was not at all due him, for what do
you think; he had gone round to the Board of Trade, saw Cecil

The Colonel Visits the Board of Trade. 221

Bethune, the secretary; then visited the president, John R. ReId;
John Coates, C.E., chairman of the Industrial Committee; W. H.
Dwyer, chairman of the Cheese and Butter Committee; and Geo.
S. May, chairman of the Hide and Leather Committee. Yes, he
had seen all those men, who were kind enough to furnish him with
no end of data, and then turned the work over to me as his own;
but I learned in time to whom credit was due. Here are facts he
learned from Cecil Bethune about Ottawa. He starts out by say-
ing that Ottawa is the Capital of Canada. I was delighted to
know this, for I like Ottawa, and have always looked upon it as
a Capital city, and am glad it is the Capital of a great country. I
knew this fact before, but will give it for the benefit of those who
are not aware of it.
It had 60,689 inhabitants at the last city enumeration, but the
town is growing so fast that this does not give one a notion of
how many are here now, Counting the suburbs, as some other
cities I've heard of do, Ottawa has nearer 1OO,CXX> people than
60,689. (This last is my own comment, not Cecil's). The as-
sessed valuation of Ottawa is $28,ooo,CXX>.
The Chaudiere Falls power is unequalled in any city on the
continent. Besides the Ottawa River, the Rideau Canal gives a
water communication with an extensive area of country. Railway
lines run out from Ottawa in nine different directions. (Hence
"The Hub and the Spokes.")
" Ottawa's electrical equipment is unsurpassed by any city of
its size in the world." I've told you that all along.
He then tells of the newspapers, colleges, schools, librari
s,
art gallery, museum, &c., &c., which I have already given in Je-
tail.
Mr. James W. Woods, one of the Vice-Presidents of
he
Board, and himself one of the big manufacturers of the city, fur-
nished the Colonel with a large amount of data on " The Adva:l-
tages of Ottawa as a Manufacturing Centre," He told of
Ottawa's geographical position as regards securing at lowest ex-
pense the necessary raw material, and secondly, its position to the
market for economically disposing of the product, cost of land,
cheap power (possibly the cheapest on the continent), quantity and
high intelligence of labor, moral qualities, insurance and taxation.
" Ottawa enjoys the same privileges of freight rates as :1\1ont-
real and Toronto."
"Land values are yet so reasonable that most excellent manu-
facturing sites may be had within less than 1,CXX> feet of the
Custom House, Post Office and Banks."
"There is no other city in Canada or the United States where
such large and easily developed water powers exist in such cloie
proximity to an important city."

222

Ottawa, The Hub,

When it is remembered that there is available 917,403 horse
power, within a comparatively easy distance of Ottawa-of which
power but 58,400 is so far in use--one may well wonder what ..he
city will be when this enormous natural force shall have been har-
nessed by the genius of men, and energized for his use.
I have called Ottawa" The Washington of Canada" for its
beauty. When this power is developed, it may well be called:
" The l\Ianchester of the World."
Again, when it is taken into account the fact that elsewhere
the cost is $25.00 to $40.00 per horse power, while here it may be
had at $15.00, then one can readily see the advantages that Ottawa
has over all other cities as a manufacturing centre.
Mr. \i\Toods told of the quantity and quality of labor. "Our
workers are sober, intelligent and willing. Living for the labor-
ing man is cheap, wages fair, work always to be had-a fact which
attracts labor-and by means of the many electrical lines of cars
running into the suburbs, the workmen may live in healthy uncon-
gested districts, where they may live in detached houses, each with
its own plot of ground. Thus are growing up a class of men m-
surpassed anywhere, They are strong, healthy and happy, Iud
freedom from strikes is an evidence of this." l\:1r. Woods spoke
of the extent of increase in Canada's imports, in which Ottawa
was in the van. While Canada, as a whole, increased 95 per cent,
Ottawa, in the same period, grew to the enormous figure of 250
per cent. Its population grew in nine years, from 1891 to 1900,
15,7 6 4, an increase of 35 per cent.
Ottawa has been called an exclusively lumber city, but other
industries are now far surpassing that of lumber. The wages :.1n-
nually paid stand thus: Lumber, $681,984; other industries, $2,-
469,020; and while the former will hardly increase, the latter is
growing annually to a great extent.
Notwithstanding the fire of 1900, which swept away a large
number of industries, these have already been rebuilt, on a much
more extensive scale, and new ones have started up. There é'.re
now nearly 250 distinct industries in Ottawa, and the number is
growing each year.
From the committee of which the president, John R. Reid, is
chairman, we gained more knowledge about the cheese and butter
interests, not only of Ottawa, but of Canada, than we have learned
since we came into the country.

Butter and Cheese
will not make a very exciting story, but still a very strong one, to
people who are wanting to know the cold facts about a country,
and what it produces. I always like to see things grow, and,
apropos of growing, just look at this fact. In 1894, there were

Controversy of the Cities.

223

shipped from J\Iontreal to the British market, 32,055 packages of
butter; in 1902 this had grown to 539,845 packages. The dairy-
ing industry is becoming a very large one in this district, with
Otta wa as the centre.
Ontario has invested $175,000,000 in it, and produces $60,000,-
000 annually. lVI y eyes! I never before had so much respect for
the cow. The Colonel says that General" Bobs" will even be
more surprised than we have been, on hearing of the vast area of
pasture lands, when, if things come to the worst, he might use
them for" manæuvring purposes." I guess there are others who,
like the General, think of Canada as a wood lot. This is the rea-
son why I give you so much of the butter and cheese side of Can-
ada, sandwiched among things not so practical.
President Reid told us of the growth of Ottawa. Large areas
of what are now some of the prettiest parts of the city, were, tet'}
years ago, barren fields. This is especially true of " Sandy Hill,"
east of the canal, and south of Rideau Street, Of this section I
told you in the "Theodore Street trip." Property has there so
much increased in value that I would not dare give you the per
cent, truthful as you know me to be. J\ir. Reid said much of truth
when he said that to Boards of Trade a very great deal is due the
progress of a city, and especially is this true when there is the har-
mony found in the one of Ottawa, where the good of the city is
the sole object of its being-race, party lines, and all else is for-
gotten in this one object. And again, the City Council and the
Board of Trade work together, hand in hand, each with the same
aim, Ottawa's motto, " Advance."
Another suggestion Mr. Reid makes, is pertinent to our own
country, apropos of the late coal strike: " Arbitrate, and make an-
other such an impossible thing." From the city to the Dominion,
he (Mr. Reid) called our attention to the banking.interests. "Our
chartered banks have a paid up capital of $78,727,552; rest, $5 0 ,-
892,024. Six millions of people have $450,000,000, an increase of
$251,000,000 in seven years; and to further show the thrift of
Canadians, our people carried life insurance in the regular com-
panies, at the end of 19 02 , $508,794,371."

Toronto.
All this we learned of Otta wa, and wondered if any other
Canadian city was so progressive, We wondered this aloud one
night in the " Russell."
" Progressive!" exclaimed the Toronto man. "Progressive I
Why, you should see Toronto!"
" Yes, Rube," said the Montrealer, " you should see Toronto.
There's a town that wants everything in sightr"
" And gets it too!" was Toronto's quick reply. Then I sat
and listened to the two argue, It was a play!

224

Ottawa, The Hub.

" Oh, you imagine that because you have the largest Eaton,'
House in the world that you're It," and lViontreal winked, which
made us wonder" where's the joke?" but Toronto came up smil-
ing with" Yes, we do imagine we're It, and better still, we know
it." And he went right on proving all his claims. At last 1:1ont-
real stopped anà walked away, as Toronto was telling the Colonel
and me how that his city had more than doubled its population in
twenty years. "And we haven't got fully started yet." I could
not but admire his enthusiasm.
" What's the secret of your city's great success?" I asked.
" Secret? There's no secret about it. We don't allow it to
be a secret. We tell it to the world, and we are proud of and loyal
to our city, and that's the secret." Say, that Torontonian had the
Colonel and me throwing up our hats for his town, when we had
never been nearer that 263 miles of the place-we just could not
help being enthused! And every Toronto man we've met since
has been full--of his city's good points. The Colonel, who met
the Toronto schoolmarms when in Ottawa on their visit to the
Capital, says that they were just as enthusiastic as the boys. From
this I might moralize, and say: " Loyal citizens would make a pro-
gressive and successful city out of a village, whilst the continued
apathy of the people of a Babylon would turn it into a wilderness."

Winnipeg.
A bystander among a number who had heard the foregoing
said to us afterwards: " Toronto told you how that his town had
doubled in size in twenty years; why, that's nothing at all. .l\1y
town was a village twenty years ago or thereabouts, and look at
Winnipeg to-day-the Chicago of Canada, the coming Babylon
of the North!"

Edmonton.
"They may all talk about their towns, but, Rube, listen to
what I'm telling you. Keep your eye on Edmonton, out there in
Alberta, if you want to see a city grow out of a village. Why,
man, when we get the new Grand Trunk Pacific, and the half
dozen other roads which have to come to us, these other little
towns they've been telling you about will only be way stations.
Weare doubling our population so fast that we don't take any
account of it, and-"

V ietoria.
"Say, hold on, Edmonton; don't let your loyalty lead .Y
)U
astray. You'll have Rube and the Colonel lost on your praInes
along the Saskatchewan, and they will miss the train for Victoria,
th{;; coming city of British Columbia, and that would be-"

Controversy of the Cities.

225

Vancouver.
" Now, look here, Vic," broke in ' the gentleman from Van-
couver,' " what's the matter with your geography anyhow ? You
can't fool these two Yankees; they know that my town is in Briti"h
Columbia, so don't be giving them any of your' coming city' air.
Victoria! Why, man, your own village school children know
better than that-"
Peace Ri
'er Country.
" Peace, peace, gentlemen," put in the man from up north.
" As soon as I get a Bill through Parliament to change Macoun's
climate, I'll show you a city as is a city-a regular wheat city."
" Now, see here," exclaimed

Brandon
" You can't steal mv name. It would take the hot air of a
dozen Parliaments to ráise the temperature half way up to my
town, which, for its size, has no equal in Canada. Why, we're
the liveliest place on the continent, and do more business in a month
than some of your towns four times the size. And look at the
kind of men we grow out there, look at what one of them is doing
fot Canada. \\Thy, he's making it better known throughout the
world than all his predecessors put together. If he keeps well he
will make great cities out of all of our towns, and build up the
country besides!"
At this point

Halifax and St. John,
who were sitting in the corner near by, nodded to us to come over.
" Rube," said Hal, " what were those little boys telling you?"
" About their great cities out west," said 1.
" I told you so," said Hal to Sinjon, then to us: " Did you oc-
lieve it all ?"
" Yes, and why not?" They had been so enthusiastic for
their towns and cities that it would have been easy to believe any-
thing they could say.
ò, Now, let us tell you a few things. Hal, here, and I have
cities with so many attractions that your people come over by the
tens of thousands every year just to look at them. These new
towns are not in the same running with us. And as for big m
n,
we don't have to mention them to you, unless you've been asleep
while in Ottawa-and from all accounts I don't think you ha\re.
Why, we have to send our big ones up here yearly to keep the Gov-
ernment in smooth running order; both parties look to 11S for
leaders, and we have them and to spare!"
" Right you are Sinjon," broke in

226

Ottawa, The Hub.

Hamilton,
who had been listening to the enthusiasts of the West, and to the
staid Bluenoses of the East. "Right you are, but Hal here is
so selfish with his leaders, that just the other day he decided to
keep at home one of the best of the lot. A leader, by the way,
who is such an admirable character as a man, as well as a leader,
that such selfishness is nothing short of shameful-Come, Hal,
own up, why did you do it?"
"Now see here Ham, don't rub it on too hard, I'm sorry
enough about it already, I don't believe I thought, at the time, just
what I was doing. In fact, to tell the truth, I did not know what
a great man he was and how much the country needed him, else
I'd sent him back unanimous."
" Too late now, Hal, too late, some of the rest of us will win
him away from you and send him up-and when the world gets
to talking about 'the great Canadian Statesman,' don't you up
and claim any credit, for none is due you ! You turned him
down and being sorry don't help matters-you'll yet learn that
a true Statesman belongs to the country and not to the party--
Party is only the means of his reaching the country. You're all
right Hal-but you're too Conservative."
" Too Liberal you mean! " langhed Sinjon, who seemed qUIte
to enjoy Hal's discomforture at Ham's" roast."
"Colonel," said I, when we finally got away from the en-
thusiasts, "I do believe the Canadians could give us points on
loyalty. Everyone is loyal to his own city, and all of them loyal
to their country. What will be the result?"

II A New Canada!
The old Canada-even now-is being relegated, and a new nation,
with more progressive notions and broader ideas, is taking the
place of the old, and before we are aware of it, we will have a
great rival to the north, but forever a friendly one, for both are
as one in all that makes for good." And so ran on the Colonel,
with almost as much enthusiasm as the men to whom we had just
been listening.
* * * * * *
But to return to the Board of Trade, and the City's need.
There are most excellent openings for the following industries:-
Cotton miUs, shoe factories, manufactories for hats, collars and
cuffs, shirts, gloves, neckwear, etc., and located as it is, in the
very centre of the lumber industry, it is an ideal place for furni-
ture factories, and again surrounded as it is with a great fruit
and farming country, a canning establishment would pay well, as
would also a biscuit factory. With the sober, industrious labor,
to which Mr. Woods referred, Ottawa can offer every induce-
ment for manufacturers to locate in and about the city.

The Stars and Stripes.

227

DOMINION DAY

Is Canada's" Fourth of July." It is July 1st. It com-
memorates the confederation of all the provinces, which occurred
in 1867.
It was celebrated in Ottawa (1904) by one of the finest mili-
tary parades and reviews I have ever witnessed, and the finest
that Ottawa had ever held.
Owing to the fact that the militia of the fourth district of
Canada were holding their annual encampment at Rockliffe Park,
many thousands of citizen soldiers took part in the review, which
was the suggestion of Alderman Fred. J ourneaux, who cannot be
commended too highly for the great success of the day.
The plan of the review was that of Major R. A. Helmer, and
so well was it carried out that it was as the working of a perfect
clock, and so beautiful, that two prominent officers from Vermont
exclaimed: "We have never seen it excelled!"
Besides those of the city of whom I made mention in the
military chapter were: Colonel Hodgins, Colonel Cameron, D.S.O.,
5th Royal Scots, of l\Iontreal ; Colonel H. A. Morgan, of the 59th;
Colonel Checkley, of the 56th Grenville regiment; Colonel T. H.
Elliott, of the 97th, from Sault Ste. Marie.
One pleasing feature of the review was the part taken by
Company V., N. G., 1st Regiment, from Burlington, Vermont,
under Captain E. B. Woodbury, Lieuts. O. H. Parker and W. E.
Williard; and Company E. N .G., from Malone, N ew York, with
officers: Captain Albert J. Miller, Lieuts, J. T. Huntington and
Harold Lawrence; Lieuts.-Surgeon S. D. Williamson; Major J as.
S. Boye, of the 4th Battalion, N.G., N.Y., and Captain Peckham,
of the Major's staff.
The whole was under, the guidance of the most cordially liked
officer in Canada, Colonel W m. E. Hodgins, commander of the
Militia of the Fourth District.
The prettiest feature of the day-and this was conceded by
all-was the visit of the lady contingents of Company E, from
1-1 alone, who gave a beautiful drill, in the evening, on a raised
platform or stage on Cartier Square, which was witnessed by pos-
sibly 20,000 people.
What most pleased the Colonel and mè was the beautiful way
our soldiers were treated. It was simply charming, the kindness
shown to them every minute of the day! And then the way

Our Flag, the Stars and Stripes,
was respected, and even honored, was nothing short of delight-
ful! In all the long parade it was the only flag unfurled, while

228

Ottawa, The Hub.

on Sparks Street (the main street of Ottawa), I counted no less
than 124 of our emblem, and in all the day there was not, among
the tens of thousands, one - fool to cry" Pull 'em down."
(You should hear with what
mphasis the Colonel filled that
blank, and I said " Amen!" ) Nor is this because these people
love their own flag less. No, they are as loyal to the U nion Jack
as we can possibly be to the Stars and Stripes!
You at home, cannot imagine the shame it gives us to read
of the discourtesy shown to the flag of these people, who seem
not to resent the acts of some of our" half-baked" patriots (?)
Why, the Colonel is even growing

Baldheaded
over it. "What?" Oh, he says I'm wrong. "No, Rube, it's
only getting singed off by the' coals of fire' heaped on!" And I
don't wonder,
Now, don't say: " Ha, ha, Rube and the Colonel are forgd-
ting their country!" Why, bless you, it's just because we love
our country so dearly that we love these people for showing such
kindness toward it, and are heartily ashamed of those in our coun-
try who would make them think that their kindness was lost upon
us. Seek out, in all our broad area, from ocean to ocean, and you
will not find among the above brood of idiots one man who has
ever visited with the people of Canada! Ask the boys of Bur-
lington or 11alone of the kindness they received in OUa wa. Ask
the-no, you need not. I was just going to say" ask the ladi
s
of Malone." Say, you should have seen the royal way they were
entertained! I don't wonder that a number of them were left,
and had to be sent home on a "special." I do believe had it been
put to a vote that they'd all been here yet!
I am thus emphatic in the hope that these lines may fall under
the notice of those" stay at homes" who imagine that the sun
rises and sets in their village boundary, and who think that to
insult a neighbor's flag is proof positive of loyalty to their own.
Said Captain C. M. Brownell, of the staff of Colonel Estey,
of the First V ('rmont, and Lieut. A. N. Pickel, of the 15th Regt.
of the United States Army, both of whom were here as visitors,
with nothing to do but look on, " This is, our first visit to Ottawa,
and almost our first visit to Canada, and it is all a revelation to us.
Such courtesy, such consideration, such entertainment! Why, it
is all so delightful that words are inexpressive when speaking of
Ottawans !"
I give you this to show you what other Yankees think of
Canada's Capital and its people.
All this kindly feeling shows that while a line political divides
us, the hearts of the people are fast dimming all other lines, and
making us one in sentiment and in love, and I bid God speed to
that condition.

Money to Burn.

229

RUBE GOES INTO CANADIAN BANKING.

"Rube," asked the Colonel, one day, "what do you know
about Canadian banking?"
" Nothing," said I, " why do you ask? Are you thinking of
going into the business?" This was one of the sort of questions
the Colonel would never answer, so I had to continue: "I
miy
know banking in the abstract, and nothing in the concrete, nothing
in the concrete."
" I don't blame 'em."
" Don't blame 'em. What do you mean by that?" but he only
went on talking as though to himself.
"No, I don't blame 'em; no, it would not be safe to let him
into the concrete. n Then to me: "Rube, have you noticed how
strong they build the bank vaults up here? vVhy, they seem one
· mass of iron and concrete," and he looked for all the world like a
man who had attempted an adamantine joke; not content with
that, he wanted to know if I knew that the expression " l\Ioney to
burn" started in Ottawa, but of course I had never thought of it.
" Yes," said he, "it started in Ottawa. A man was going up
street one day to deposit some money in the Bank of Ottawa,
w hen a friend met him: "Where are you going?" asked the
friend. "I'm taking this money to Burn," said the man.
" Well," said I in blank.
"Taking it to Burn. Money to Burn. Oh, dear, Rube,
you're too dense for any use," and he left me right there. I do
wonder what he meant anyhow. "Money to Burn," (I later on
met the genial 1Ianager of the" Ottawa," and then I understood.)
The Cölonel's question set me thinking, and usually to think
is to act; so I looked into Canada's banking system, and was S
t-
prised to find that the Canadian's claim of

The Best in the World
is true, and the mind or minds that conceived the plan should have
monuments erected to their memory.
In a book on everything, special subjects must needs be given
little space, even though worthy a volume. In speaking on bank-
ing, a sentence must serve the place of pages. The term" Banks"
always means Chartered Banks.
The best features of the Canadian system is that of its branch
banks. Some of them have branches in all of the cities, and in
very many towns.
Advantage over our Plan.
One branch may be located in a town where little of new en-
terprise needing money is going forward. This branch accepts

23 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

deposits, which are sent either to the parent bank or to another
branch in the west, where money is needed for new enterprises.
The depositors are paid interest in the one, while in the other the
money is loaned out, thus bringing in close touch the lender and
the borrower, without-as with us-the needy borrower, in a far
Western or Southern State, having to pay a commission to a
broker in the east for securing a loan, often at high interest. Th
s
is the very perfection of money handling. The bank always knows
where money is needed, and the borrower has his needs supplied
right at home. The bank runs little risk in making loans, for the
local manager knows intimately the ability and honesty of the
borrower. It is better for the country as a whole, as its people in
every part are enabled to get money at reasonable interest, to carry
on enterprises which, but for the reasonable interest, would not be
embarked in. Beautiful system.

Some Points of the System.
The Treasury Board (we have a Comptroller of Currency)
gives consent to a certain number of individuals to start a bank,
it having first secured a charter from the Dominion Government.
These individuals having subscribed $500,000, paid up to the f'X-
tent of $250,000, which one-half must be temporarily deposited
with the Treasury Department,
The stockholders of a bank are liable for double the amount
of their holdings, thus making it so secure that loss to depositors
and holders of the bank's paper is all but impossible. A bank
cannot lend money on its own stock, or on that of any other Cana-
dian bank. In twenty years there was but one failure, and that
one paid 99.% cents on the dollar. Charters are all renewed ev
ry
ten years, i.e., at the even years, 1880-1890-1900.

Fiat Money used first in Canada.
Few know that fiat money was first used in Canada. In 168 5
the French Intendant (Governor) could not pay the soldiers, and
France being nearly bankrupt, he (the Intendant) cut playing
cards into small pieces, on which he wrote a promise to pay. These
he sealed by the seal of France, and paid them out for money.
This kind of money was used up to 1715. The volume of this
currency rose to $20 per capita. From 1715 to 1729, the Colony
had no regular currency, but in the latter year the people again
called for card money, and it was given them. Thus, we see that
" cards" have played their part in the history of Canada. It is
said that they are still used here, but not as legal tender.
A year later, or in 1686, Massachusetts, following the Inten-
dant issued fiat money, which soon became so useless that even
to this day we refer to it, when speaking of things of little value,

Canadian Banking.

23 1

as " not worth a Continental." Some people have been known to
make that sentence an expressive word longer; so the Colonel
says, and he knows.
A bank in Philadelphia, in 1781, and one in New York, in
Ij84, issued bank notes, but when Canada tried it shortly after,
it proved a failure. They tried again in 1807-8, and again faile::},
but during the war of 1812, the banks issued paper notes under
British authority. They were paid, and this gave the people con-
fidence. N ova Scotia, then not a part of Canada, also issued
Treasury notes in 1812.
In 1817, the great Bank of Montreal, now one of the largest
in wealth in the world, was created. It was the first joint stock
bank in Canada.
From 1817 to 1825 there were established three banks in
Lower Canada (Quebec), one in Upper Canada, one in New
Brunswick, and one in Nova Scotia, and are all still in existence
but two. The Bank of Canada passed out of existence shortly
after incorporation, and the Bank of Upper Canada failed in 1866.
At the time of Canada's Confederation, in 1867, there were
thirty-nine bank charters and twenty-seven banks doing business,
In 1871 was passed the first general Bank Act of the
Dominion. By this Act, the note holders had no greater security
than other creditors, but in 1880 the notes became a prior lien.
If a bank suspends, its notes bear 5% interest until it has its
affairs in shape to pay in full. A bank may be fined from $1,000
to $100,000 for an over issue of notes.
A bank may not issue bills of less than $5.00, and all bills
must be multiples of $5.00. Bills of lesser value are issued by
the Dominion Government. (Only bills issued by the Govern-
ment are legal tender). The Government, unlike with us, does
not guarantee the issue of the banks, but this issue is the first .ien
on the banks' assets.
Each bank is obliged to redeem its notes in the commercial
centres, thus avoiding discount for geographical reasons.
As a matter of course, more money is needed in one part of a
year than at other. times; when the crops are moving, for instance.
The output of a bank fluctuates; when the demands of trade grow
less, the notes of a bank flow back to its vaults, to be sent out as
the needs of the country increase. Each bank redeems its own
particular bills. With us, the moment a bill leaves the bank of
issue it loses its identity, and only by chance will it ever ap"ain re-
turn to its starting bank. Our national banks, when wishing to
recover the bonds deposited as security for their notes, may do so
with any lawful money, instead of with their own bills alone.

Absolute Safety of a Cmwdaian Bank-note.
To show the great security of the Canadian bank bill I was
surprised to find that behind every dollar were assets worth '$10.19.

23 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

\Vhen I saw this, I could not but think how little reason we of
the States have for fearing to take Canadian money. Towns and
cities along the border are now accepting it, and it will not be long
until it will be accepted generally.
General Banking Facility.
There is possibly no country in the world with so good bank-
ing facilities as Canada. There is hardly a town of 1,000 inhabi-
tants but has a branch of one or more of the great banks. With
us, if there be a bank in a town of that size, it is usually secured
by local capital; while here the security is often fifty times as great,
and seldom less than twenty times.

Few Savings Bank

There are very few savings banks in Canada, as we know
them, and really no need for them, as nearly everyone of the banks
and their branches have a savings department, where interest IS
allowed. (There is also a postal savings bank, which see under
Post Office,)
The "kiting" of paper is never encouraged, and not per-
mitted when known. A borrower must give real security, and not
the names of worthless men, as, is so often allowed by some of our
banks. (I knew of one in New York City whose assets, when it
failed, were made up mostly of the paper of men notorious for
their poverty,)
Banks here make a fuII report to the Government each month.
Settlements at the Clearing Ifouses are made daily, in legal tenders
or gold. The Government issues large notes for this purpose ;
some of these notes are as large as $5,000. Forty per cent of a
bank's cash reserve must be in Dominion legal tender.

Other Points of Banking.
Private individuals may do a banking business, but cannot
issue paper currency. They must carefully avoid any name that
would lead the ignorant to mistake their place of business as a
chartered bank.
Our banks cannot increase their currency without first de-
positing bonds at Washington with the Government; here th
y
can increase or decrease their currency as needs of business re-
quire, which goes far towards pre
enting a st:ingency at critic
l
periods. Thus, we see the CanadIan system IS far more elastic
than ours, and has proven to be far better.

Memo, re Bank Circulation Fund.
The protection afforded to the holder of a Canadian bank
note, of any bank solvent in 1890, or incorporated since, is such,

Winter in Canada.

.233

that a note is, to all intents and purposes, good for all time, until
redeemed.
In addition to the circulation being the first charge upon the
assets of a bank, which means that nearly $11.00 of assets is be-
hind each dollar in circulation, a special deposit is made with the
Dominion Government, called the Circulation Security Fund, each
bank being obliged to contribute 5 % of their highest average cir-
culation to this fund, which is adjusted yearly.
Should a bank go into liquidation, or become unable, from any
cause, to pay its debts on demand, the liquidator must give notice
within 60 days, of his readiness to redeem the circulation, or
otherwise the Dominion Government may intervene, and give
notice that the circulation will be redeemed out of this security
fund, which at present amounts to over $3,ooo,oex:>.
In the event of the assets of an insolvent' bank not being suffi-
cient, when collected, to pay the amount of the circulation, the
other banks are obliged to make good the amount pro rata to the
r
.circulation, so that the fund shall at all times remain at 5 % of
he
total note issue.
Before the final distribution of the assets of a bank in liquida-
tion, the liquidator is obliged to deposit with the Dominion Gov-
ernment an amount equal to the total amount of the notes that are
then outstanding. This money remains with the Government for
all time, and should the notes never be presented, the Government
(that is, the people), get the benefit of their loss, not the share-
holders of the bank.
By this method, coupled with the fact that the notes bear in-
terest at 5 % from the day of suspension of any bank, until the day
named by proclamation for their redemption, it is contended that
the Canadian bank note issu
is good everywhere, and at all times,
no matter what may be the condition of the bank itseH. In other
words, a Canadian bank bill, even of an insolvent bank, and ac-
cepted, passes current, or is redeemed by any chartered bank.

WINTER IN CANADA.

H Rube," said the Colonel, one evening, "listen to this letter
from down home: 'Don't say Canada to me! 30 degrees below
zero here! \Vhat must it be there! I shiver to think of it! Why,
we just can't keep the house warm! I really feel sorry for you
two! Don't you just freeze?'"
" Ha! ha! Colonel; it's really too bad for those people down
home, but, say, open that window and cool off this room a bit.
I'm too hot to talk about cold. There, that's better," and I lean
d
back in an easy chair, without even a coat on, as the Colonel went

234

Ottawa, The Hub.

on with the letter, telling of the severe winter and the awful cold.
,. I used to think that way myself. Canada! Why, the very
word sent shivers chasing each other. No matter how much I
heard say: 'Canaùa is delightful in winter,' I set the sayer dow:1
as a (fill it up for yourself, and make it strong), lnd
now I wonder, Colonel, how I am to make people believe me when
I say that the .other 'sayer' was truthful?"
" Just tell the truth, and let it go at that. It will be hard for
them to believe it with 300 below, as they sit shivering in houses
so thin that the furnace must heat outside as well as indoors."
'The Colonel was right, Houses here are built to keep out
cold in winter, anù heat in summer-the very reverse of condi-
tions in many parts of our country. Houses here are comfortable,
and outside they do not have to contend with our dampness, and
with a few days exception, the weather is comfortable. I am say-
ing this in the coldest winter they have had for a generation. The
winter is more than half over as I write, and there has been but
one day when I looked out and then stayed in from choice, and
you may readily guess the sort of day that was-one of those cold
sleety kind, of which we have so many every winter down home.
Few carry umbrellas to keep off snow-the men never and the
women seldom. "We can nearly all tell a Yankee; he is either
carrying an umbrella, or wearing ear muffs," which reminds me
of some of the men who come up from Kew York City. They
wear high hats, with ear muffs sewed on. This is more frequeat-
ly seen in :l\Iontreal than here, and is very amusing to the natives,
who go prepared for the weather in a sensible way.
" You will feel the cold more the second winter" is what they
told me. This is my third winter in Canada, and I like it better
than the first or second. Canadian winter is all right!
The famous 1\1rs. Trail, one of the most charming writers,
who ever wrote of this beautiful
orthland, said this of winter,
in her Backwoods of Canada. "Though the Canadian winter has
its disadvantages, it has also its charms. After a day or two of
heavy snow, the sky brightens, and the air becomes exquisitely
clear and free from vapour; the smoke ascends in tall spiral col-
umns till it is lost; seen against the saffron-tinted sky of an even-
ing, or early of a clear morning, when the hoar-frost sparkles on
the trees, the effect is singularly beautifu1." Kow there! who
could dare grow cold after that!

THE COLO
EL OX THE l\L-\IL SERVICE.
One day, the Colonel was criticising the slow mail delivery
of Canada. "vVhy," said he, "it takes as long or longer to get
a letter to, and answer back from l\lontreal, than tq get a letter to
New York City and an answer back, and yet l\lontreal is but
three hours away."

A Million Dollar Plant.

235

"That's nothing Colonel," said I, "nothing at all, in com-
parison to our own service, why I remember once writing a letter
to a man in Philadelphia-wrote it and mailed it in N ew York
special delivery at that.-l'\ow Philadelphia is only two hours
away, and yet I didn't get an answer back for six months! "
" Well, that was certainly slow, even for Philadelphia. Oh,
yes, by the way Rube, what ,vas in your letter? "
"I almost forget, it's been so long ago, but I think I asked
the man to send that ten dollars he owed me. Yes, I remember,
now, it was for a ten he borrowed till Saturday."
" Oh, I see!" He didn't say what he saw as he walked away,
neither did he say any more about sending a letter, on l\londay, te
MontreÚ and not getting a reply back until Wednesday.

A l\IILLION DOLLAR PLANT.

That Canada is beginning to wake up to her possibilities, is
seen in the great manufacturing interests, that are being develop-
ed, in every part of this vast Dominion. Once it was only the
timber that could interest the capitalist, now he is seeking out iil-
vestments in manufactories of all kinds; he builds the machin
ry
that sows, tills and reaps the grain of the millions of acres, that
are yearly coming under cultivation; he builds and equips the
thousands of miles of railways, that are penetrating into lands,
so recently the pastures of the buffalo; and now he is beginning
to look beneath the surface for investment.
Canada is full of earth wealth. In my wanderings I seldom
return without having seen or heard of deposits of fabulous
value. Here it is an iron mountain or a mica bed; there a gold
mine; a vast deposit of nickel; or asbestos enough to supply
he
markets of the world; and many other valuable minerals.
lying until recently unworked, waiting for an Irvin to develop
them. It ,vould seem that the man, and not the deposit was
wanting. Canadians turned their attention so long to the forests
and their products, that they passed over, unnoted, earth wealth
that might have made of them Monte Christos.
Just across the river from the Capital, in the quaint old town
of Hull, has been discovered a deposit so rich in material, that
it can only be likened unto a gold mine-and here is being erected
a million dollar plant to develop this material, and to convert rock,
clay and sand into a merchantable product. I refer to the

International Portland Cement Company,
whose great buildings' are so nearly completed.

23 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

When Philemon VV right came, only the timber was of value.
Re cut away the forests and left, seemingly useless, the rocky
land, where now lie buried the fortunes of many yet unborn. Gen-
erations came and went, the land growing more sterile by disuse,
until it was looked upon as suited only for the recreation of the
golf player. vVhen however the whilom farmer boy of Illinois.

] oseph S. Irvin,
came to Hull, and there saw this deposit of fabulous wealth, hr
set about organizing a company to develop it. A careful estimate
showed that $1,000,000 would be required to make it a profitahle
enterprise. That amount to a :Morgan would be but the intima-
tion of the need, but we who have tried to "float" a ., good
thing," requiring an one hundredth part of that sum, know what
it meant to set about raising one million dollars, but to Joseph
S. Irvin, the word ., can't" is always written without the last
letter, and in this instance, as in all he has ever tried to carry
through, success was the result, the money was raised, and the
wheels of the great plant are now almost ready to set going. This
to him, means more than the raising of the million, and the er
c-
tion of the great buildings. It means, that he who has done
can do again, and capital, the chariest of fairies, will now trust
him implicitly, and await his coming.
:Men have made fortunes bv the turn of a wheel, and the
wheel that produced it may lose -it again, but the fortune won by"
j
dgment stays, and benefits not only the one who made it, but
those who are wise in following the man of judgment, and here-
after Irvin's followers will be many, for he is a man of great juJg--
ment and ability, and has carried to success a great enterprise.
The man who talks has his listeners, the man who does, has
his followers; the listeners go their way and forget, the followers
continue to follow, knowing that he who does, for himself, in
honest enterprise, will always do fot: those who wisely follow.
Nor is the success Irvin's alone. J\Iuch credit is due to the
inventive genius of the engineers, Robert D. Hasson and Arthur
C. Tagge, who have laid out, and carried through every detail of
the acres of machinery, necessary to complete the great works.
and but for the Canadian Capitalists, whose money has flowed in,
to carry through the enterprise, it had failed in accomplishment-
but all these, under the wise direction of a master mind will
have given to the city a plant that must bring to it great benefit.
The location is ideal. The rock lies on one side and the day
lies on the other. The two are brought together at the mill,
ground, burned, mix
d and ground again ready fo
. s
ipmeí.lt,
by either water or raIl, as the Company pas both facIlItIes at Its
very doors. '

Huffs G1'eat Future.

237

HULL'S GREAT FUTURE.

Mountains of Iron L}'ing I die.
Hull seems destined to become more than a suburb of the
Capital. For years it has been known that almost at its very doors
were mountains of iron, only waiting a time when it covld be
mined and worked economically. That time seems now to have
come. The Government Commission on the subj ect of the
Electro-thermic manufacture of smelting iron ores, and for mak-
ing steel have just made their report. Dr. Haanel, chairman;
C. E. Brown, C. E., electrician; and Prof. F. \V. Harboard, all
report favorably on the smelting of iron. and the making of
steel, in this locality. l\Ir. Louis Simpson has also published a
statement that electric power can be developed at $5 per horse-
power year.
It would seem that nature had specially designed things for
Hull. To the north, from the Ottawa to the Gatineau and beyond,
lies the iron ore, and at Chat's Fédls, there is flowing- to waste
150,000 horsepower, only waiting to be harnessed and set to
profitably slnelting the ore into ingots, and again converting
these into steel.
Hull has found an Irvin for its great beds of rock and clay,
and it now remains to be seen if others so wise, can be found to
develop an industry, which must add thot1sands to her population
and bring millions of dollars to the fortunate developers.

THE OLD WHITTLER SAYS THINGS ELECTRIC.

" We will soon have our innings," said the old citizen, as he
picked up a fresh shingle to whittle. " You in the States have
had all the manufacturing long enough. There was a time wh
n
machinery was driven by coal, and you had the coal. As coal is
growing scarcer, another power must needs be called upon, alld
we have that other power-electricity. All along the great St.
Lawrence, for hundreds of miles to the north, are waterfalls which
would turn the wheels of the world, and these falls are, one
after the other, being harnessed, and before many years the hum
of the spindle will be heard throughout Eastern Canada, while onT
western prairies are supplying bread for onr own workingmen,
with hundreds of millions of bushels of grain to share for other
countries. "
" Hold on, hold on," said I, " is this a Fourth 0' July speech !"
"No, it's a First of July! I want you to know that you
haven't all the July pyrotechnics. vVe are waking up to the fact

23 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

that our vast resources warrant all the flights we may choose to
take, and we are getting ready to take 'em {"
" Hear, hear!"

v aterfalls.
" There is possibly no country in the world that can equal our
waterfalls, and since electricity is the coming power, it follows
that here must be the manufacturing, and when our people are
fully alive to that fact, we will have the skilled workmen to ad-
just and run the machinery." And then he said a strong thing
that set me thinking. "PC'ssibly," he continued, " the best skilled
people in the world for fine fabrics are the French. The Hugue-
nots made England the manufacturing country that it is, and
others, whose ancestors come from France, will do the same for
Canada. Your eastern mills have for a long while been absorb-
ing and training our French population, and when we need them,
they will return to us, as the children of Israel returned to Pales-
tinê, bringing with them the knowledge gained in Egypt."

The Telephone is Canadian.
In' speaking of electricity, he told me things I had not known.
" The telephone," said he, "is our invention."
" What!" I exclaimed, "can that be true ? Was Graham
Bell a Canadian ?"
" By adoption, yes. He came here from Scotland in 1870.
He came to Brantford-' The Telephone City'-Brantford, Ont.
Re invented the telephone in 1874, and in 1876 was speech first
sent through a telegraph wire, and in 1871, in Hamilton, Ont.,
was the telephone first put to commercial use.

Electric Cars.
Then, as to use of electricity for street cars. While it was
first made available in Richmond, Virginia, Canada soon took it
up, and here in Ottawa, Ahearn & Soper, the Edisons of Canada,
were first to prove it possible to run cars in winter by means oí
it. From this he branched of to the

Telegraph,
and I found he was a very mine of information on that line.
"From fortv miles-Baltimore to \Vashington-in 1844, it
has grown into a-land line of 1,025,700 miles, with 3,979.500 miles
of wire, with 1,764 separate cable lines of 204,527 nautical miles
of wire. All these have cost $500,000,000 for land lines, and
$35 0 ,000,000 for cables." He even knew the number of telegrams
sent per day (1,300,000), and also the cablegrams (36,000). 'fo
you this may not be of interest, but to me it was most absorbing.

State Ownership of the Telegraph.

239

" Do you know," he asked, " that the United States and Can-
ada are the only countries in the world where the telegraph is not
Government owned?"
., I certainly do not," I replied.
" Yes, the only two, and such great men as Sir Sandford
Fleming 'the Father of the Pacific Cable,' are advocating state
ownership in Canada, leaving your country the only one whose
people must continue 1 to pay from double to several times as much
for their telegrams as they would have to pay if the lines were
run by the Government."
"vVhat would be the real advantage of State ownership?"
I asked.
"Let Sir Sandford Fleming answer that question. Here is
a little part of what he has said on the subject." And at that he
handed me a pamphlet, in which I found " Some of the Reasons
Why" :-
" I. In order that they may be wholly removed from the con-
trol of companies, whose chief object is to make profits by main-
taining as high rates as possible on messages."
"2. In order that the cost of telegraphing may be reduced
to a minimum."
There were many other reasons given, but these were the
main ones.
" Yes," said I, "but how do we know that messages would
be cheaper? Could the Government run the telegraphs as
cheaply as a company?" I saw by the smile on the old citizen's
face that I had asked a very foolish question.
"I don't believe you meant to ask that," was his kind com-
ment. "It is not so much whether the Government could run
them as cheaply as a company, but the cost to the people is the
question, and as to that I refer you to the mail carrying of the
Dominion. I hardly need argue so plain a question. Its bene-
fits are many, not only to the people, but to the operators, far more
of whom would be required, and those receiving good salaries as
managers would continue as managers. The only ones who
might in any event lose by such a change would be the post-office-
hunting-politician, as by this change the postmaster would have to
be an expert telegrapher, and the above variety of politician, not
being expert in anything-but that of office hunting-might pos-
sibly have to give up and go to work for his living." By this time
the old citizen had finished his shingle, but it had held out long
enough for me to gather many " shavings" of real worth.

24 0

Ottau.ra, The Hub.

CANADA QUICK TO TAKE UP THE
EW.

It is said, that until within a few years Canada was slow to
take up the new-being content with the old conservative ways
of doing things. A visit to one of their exhibitions, will readily
convince one that all this has been changed, that if there is a bet-
ter way, they want that way, and readily adopt it.
One day in l\Iontreal, I sa,," a new kind of paper.
"Dixon," said I, "what's this?"
" That" said he, "is the

English F eather'weight,
which has recently come over, and the Canada Paper Company,
of this city, will be making it in a very short time."
" If they hurry it up, I shall use it on my next." And here
it is as an illustration and proof of my assertion, that Canada
is quick to take up the new, when the new is better, and in this
instance there is no question.
" Rube, are they all so quick as the C. P. C.? If they were
they'd all have it! "
" I haven't thought 0' that, Colone1."
" You're like a good many Rube, you pick out the best and
give it as an illustr3.tion. But on the whole you are right, pro-
gress is the order of the day up here."

CARNEGIE LIBRARY.

The Carnegie Library is being built oil l\.Ietcalfe, corner of.
l\1aria. I went around to get the dimensions one evening. It
was very muddy about the building. All the men were gone
save one: "Can you give me the dimensions of this?" I called
across. " Yes, come over!" I" come over" through the mud.
" How large is it? "
"It runs from there to there! " pointing.
" I know that-but how many feet long and wide? "
"Oh, I don't know-but I think the architect does," and he
did.
It fronts on l\1etcalfe IIS-4 feet, and on l\laria Strçet
9 0 -4 feet and 60 feet high. It is French Renaissance in sty1
,
and of light stone and brick. Besides the large library room,
there are Committee and Reading Rooms. Mr. Carnegie has
donated $100,000 for the building.

Carnegie Library.

2_p

The Architect is Mr. E. L. Horwood, who, although but a
young man, already stands at the very top in old Colonial Archi-
tecture,. and yet his many public and business buildings show him
to be most versatil(' in his styles, as may be seen in The Sun Life,
the Gilmour Hotel, the new St. George's Society Building, the
St. Luke's Hospital, the Citizen and Cory blocks, and many
others. He is the Official Architect for the Victorian Order of
Nurses.
l\Ir. Carnegie has figurt'd so extensively in Canada, of recènt
years, that I have made considerable inquiry among the people
to learn their impressions of him, and his benefactions. Here as
in our own country, the enormous sums with which he deals is
too far beyond the ordinary mind. It is easy to say" a million
dollars," and some few can conceive what it means, but most of
us have had so little to do with the thing, except in dreams, that
we do not really grasp the amount, fully-however " grasping"
a nat!.1re we may have, or however hard we may try. If ,( a
million dollars " is inconceivable, no wonder we fall down in the
presence of "one hundred millions! "-the amount said to have
been given away by this Croesus, who seems but to have started
in on his work of giving. .\nd yd, nearly everybody, I intervi<-
w-
ed showed me how much better they could have handled the
money, than has :Mr. Carnegie himself. One man, especially,
who took out his pencil and an old envelope, and showed me in
plain figures, the mistake the great philanthropist was making.
He was so entertaining in his criticism, that I shall never ask him
for the quarter he borrowed at noon to get his breakfast. He may
however return it. He even promised it-" to-morrow." But
as I was saying, they all had plans of their own-so many in fact
that I was bewildered by the number, and doubted my ability to
appreciate them all. Some one has said, that" when in doubt
play"-no, I mean" when in doubt ask George Johnson," for up
here the impression is general, that the Doctor is authority on
everything. I asked him, " Doctor" said I, "do you approve of
the way J\Ir. Carnegie is squ:mdcring his money? Have you any
suggestion as to how he should spend it?"
" Of course I have," said the genial Doctor, " and why shouid
I not have when everyone else has several. As they are all pro-
posing that he should do something 'with his millions, that he has
not indicated he himself proposes to do with them, I would sug-
gest that he set aside $5,000,000 or $50.000,000, (just as he
wishes, I won't dictate the amount) to provide some safe way of
dynamiting all war ships, so that the Angel of Peace, may flap
her glad wings over the Nations of the Earth "-when I woke
out of the trance, I was interviewing an l\I.P., who said he would
leave it all to l\Ir. Carnegie himself, as he seemed to be doing
" furstrate."

24 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

But levity aside, I will tell you the result of much inter-
viewing. The many did not approve of l\1r. Carnegie's plans,
but the few, said that when the world. finally saw the far reaching
purpose of this great man, and looked upon the end of his works,
then the \vorld would learn, that the Scotch boy had been born and
lived for a purpose, and that the purpose had made better this old
earth.
I have told you the disapproval of the many, and cannot bet-
ter show you the impressions of the few, than by reproducing
the words of Canada's great poet, Wl11. \Vilfrid Campbell, who
in writing of Carnegie said:

Andrew Carnegie.
An appreciation-By "VV. \Vilfrid Campbell.
""VVhen it is seen what his ideals really are, those who J.re
attacking him and opposing his benefactions will realize theIr
mistake. First as to his personality, he is a Scotch-American,
Scotch by birth and stock; he is an American in upbringing and
environment. These facts explain the man. It has been well
said that the man who is indifferent to his ancestral stock and the
ideals they held, will never make a true citizen in any country,
Andrew Carnegie has never forgotten Scotland and her great
ideals of freedom and knowledge. His motto, "Let there be
light," is emblematic of her history. The poor lad living in
Pennsylvania, striving for knowledge and desiring wealth so that
he might help others like himself, hampered for those books he
found so necessary to his existence, was the typical Scotch boy.
Realizing this we not only understand his dream of spreading in-
tellectual thought over the world, but we also understand the
Scottish-American, who has a dream, and a lofty one, the bring-
ing together of the great Anglo-Celtic peoples. And these two
ideals are the life dreams of Andrew Carnegie. When Cana-
dians understand this, they will give him the justice and respect
due to him as a very remarkable and high-minded man."
The many (this "many" refers not to Canadians, but to in-
dividuals of all countries) seem to see only libraries, They over-
look all else, while library building is but a part of his work. "He
should build schools, schools would do far more good," said the
many, and some of them do not even yet know the great work he
has inaugurated in school building. They have not heard of those
at Pittsburg,
The Carnegie Technical Schools,
to be created and endowed by him, but 5,000 others have heard
of them, and have already made written application for admittance
-5,000 from all parts of the world!

A lY/ ighty Confederation.

243

They doubtless know all about that other millionaire, Ly
whose commendable benefaction, thirty young men are this month,
on their way from Canada and the United States, to England,
with scholarships in their pockets, earned by hard contest, bui
the vastness of Carnegie's other gifts becloud, not his thirty, bnt
his scholarships limited only by the capacity of a vast institution,
and that institution his own gift; and it may be that this is but Qne
of a chain of schools, for nobody can tell the end when once Car-
negie sets his hand to do.
That the Technical-industrial Schools would do far more
good than libraries, even the few must admit. In this age of
" hustle, for bread," the youth have no time to learn trades proper-
ly, and in their necessity often choose the wrong one,--one for
which they are not fitted, and the really efficient artisan is too often
the accident, the inefficient eking out a discouraged existence,
which even access to a free library cannot ameliorate. If 1\1r.
Carnegie would give a small part of the money to found trades
schools, in the various cities to which he is giving libraries, there
would grow up from it a class of competent artisans. and it would
be of far greater benefit, not only to the individual, but to the
Nations, and the name " Carnegie" would be longer remembe-ed
and blest, than it will be carved upon the" walls of libraries.

A Mighty Confederation.
His library building, his endowment of schools, and all his
other works, requiring millions of dollars, pale into insignificance,
when compared to the real dream of his ambition-to which Mr,
Campbell so aptly refers in "the bringing together of the great
Anglo-Celtic peoples." While I do not believe it wise, or ever
probable that Canada should or will annex us, or we annex Canada,
(from my "New Canada"), "I do believe that there is a possibility
of Canada being the means of bringing about a Confederation of
Anglo-Celtic Nations, that will change the condition of the world.
Great Britain is Conservative, and clings to old conditions-the
United States is enthusiastically progressive, and there is danger
of it's going too fast; while the Colonies-especially so Canada-
are the happy medium-the buffer of Nations-and if the whole
were joined in one protective Confederation for good-that Con-
federation could dictate the policy of the world. And why not
this Confederation? Weare one in language and all else that
makes for good, and joined, the rest of the world had as well 'beat
their swords into plow-shares, and their spears into pruning-
hooks,' Will this be? Who can tell?" It is Carnegie's dream,
and the dreams of man are sometimes realized.
That he has made a mistake in what he has said about Canaùa,
I do not doubt, but what he has said of this magnificent country
was more from a lack of knowledge of it, than from any inten-

241-

Ottawa, The Hub.

tion of offending its people. A man should be credited more for
his acts than for his words, written or spoken. Many a one has
spent his life saying pretty things, in praise of his home and coun-
try, and in the end left no proof of his words of praise, even
th.ougl
he could take not so much as a penny of his millions along
with hUll. Good acts, not good \\Tords alone, count in tDe end, but
how much better the life of him who is free with both!

SIR JOHN A. l\IACDONALD.

\Vere I to leave out the name of Sir John A. :Macdonald, in
writing of the city where he so long was the central figure, I
would be doing an injustice, both to the memory of the man, and
to my own countrymen, among whom "l\lacdonald" has long
been a household word. And yet I cannot but quickly sketch
his life and character. Born in Scotland, Jan. 11th, 1815, came
to Canada (Kingston, Ont.) in 1820, died June 6th, 1891. \Vith-
in that short sentence might be-have been-written volumes
of vast interest, in which contemporaneously the growth, if not
as well, the birth of a nation. In 1884 when he entered politics,
he found Canada-if Canada it might be called-composed of
many parts-he left it a cemented nation. I have only space to
briefly touch or name, some of the points which he did so much
toward helping to turn into history. A few of these are: The
Secularization of the Clergy reserves (1854) after thirty years
of controversy, (up to that time, the churches had certain property
rights in all Counties) ; the adjusting (1855) of Seigneurial Tenure
-by buying out Seigneurs' Claims; the extension of the munici-
pal system; reorganization of the militia; the reorganization of
the Civil Service; confederation of British North America; the
construction of the Intercolonial Railway; extension and consolid-
ation of the Dominion; the National Policy; and the construction
of the Canadian Pacific. .
His greatness may be appreciated from the fact that for near-
ly fifty years he was the most prominent figure in Canada. lIe
had the rare gift of attracting to himself all conditions of m
n.
He seldom or never made friends for policy merely-the man who
does that is usually as warmly disliked by some as he is tempor-
arit), liked by others, and never lives in the minds of his peopÍe
bevond the funeral service. In stvle of man he was a Disraeli;
in - his manner of dealing with meri: and things he was a Lincoln.
He reminds one very much of Lincoln-neither was ever entered
for prizes at a beauty show, and yet they had a beauty of char-
acter that will live through time; each won some of his most diffi-
cult cases by story. and each was equal and yet unequalled in r
-
partee. If either had been father to all the stories accredited to
him. he would have had no time for the real things which made

Anecdotes and TV ord Plays.

245

them great, and yet that both were pastmasters in story
te1ling no
one can possibly doubt. Of the two Sir John excelled in the turn-
ing or play of words. His double meanings have supplied Biggar
with a fund for the most entertaining part of an entertaining
volume, and to this writer am I indebted for these

Anecdotes and fV ord Plays,
He was a great pacifier, and would often turn a serious case into
a jest, and thus bring about good feeling. One day two members
were wrought up over a certain "system." Sir John came in
with " Let us not have an
.thing hostile between these Ì\\'O gen-
tlemen. \Ve will not have a duel system."
\Vhen asked about certain trains being pnt on the Inter-
colonial schedule, Sir John replied: ., Night trains will be put on
at an early day."
Mr. Bowell was once criticising Mr. lVlackenzie's immigra-
tion lectures for the way they reached the people. Said he: " I
was told that some of them have adopted the mode of announcing
a temperance lecture, and then dragging in the question of immi-
gration." .. That," interposed Sir John, "is certainly throwing
cold water on immigration. iT
Apropos of temperance and its opposites, many good stories
and repartees are accredited to Sir John. One day the question
was up of a certain people giving beer to their children. "It is
generally at the end of life rather than at the beginning that men
want their bier." Once, speaking on protection, he said: " Those
who want protection at all want all the protection they can get.
They are like the squaw who said of whiskey, ' a little too much
is just enough.' "
" Not being Reformers, we occasionally find something to re-
form," was one of his repartees in a debate.
He was once taken to task for re-appointing a delinquent
civil servant. who had promised to do better. He retorted. " rhe
honorable gentlemen sneered when I said, ' Go and sin no more.'
I would not have given them advice-I do not think they
would have taken it."
He even " p.1ayed " on his own profession (law), speaking of
lawyers as soldiers, he said: "They make the best of soldiers, be-
cause they are so ready for the charge." I
The above are but illustrations of his lighter vein. He was
most versatile, and used the language which best suited the occa-
sion. He was brook and river all in one-he flowed lightl
',
merrily along like the brook, but when need be he was the deep
river, carrying along the weighty things of a nation.
Like Lincoln, he was a man of the people, and though de3.d
many years, there has scarce been a day of all the months of O!lr

24 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

sojourn in Ottawa but we have heard his name, and most often
used in endearing terms. I t was his genial spirit that won for
him the friendship of all parties. Illustrative of this, the late
David Thompson, member for Haldimand, told of his reception
on his return to Ottawa after a long illness. He said: " The first
man I met was l\Ir. Blake; he passed me with a simple nod; the
next was C., and! his greeting was as cold as B.'s. Hardly had he
passed on when I met Sir John A. He didn't pass me by, but
grasped my hand, gave me a slap on the shoulder, and said, 'Davy,
old man, I'm glad to see you back. I hope you'll soon be your-
self again, and live many a day to vote against me-as you al-
wavs have done.' 1\ow," continued Thompson, with genuine
pathos: "I never gave the old man a vote in my life, but hang
me if it doesn't go against the grain to follow the men who
haven't a kind word of greeting for me, and oppose a man with
a heart like Sir John's."
All parties, as well, admitted his ability, and none more than
his opponents. In a speech in 1882, ,. Honest Joe" Rymal,
member for South vVentworth, said of him: .. He IS a man of
extraordinary ability, I admit, as a manager of men I have never
seen his equal," etc., etc. Sir J olm had the right conception of
the judiciary of a country. "Keep the bench free from politics."
was his motto. He was often known to confer with Blake, his
most bitter political opponent, in the matter of appointing judges,
and he would alwavs select a man for his fitness rather than for
his politics. I wOtlld that this were the rule in our own country,
were politics alone, govern in the choice of judges.
His Ottawa houses are pointed out to the tourist and stranger.

CONSUL GENERAL JOHN GILl\IAX FOSTER.

The United States is represented at Ottawa, as at Quebec, by
a Vermonter, and it is one of those instances where honors are
even, as both General vVm. Henry and 1Ir. John Gilman Foster
are citizens whom we class among our foremost representatives in
foreign countries.
.i\iIr. Foster was born at Derby Line, Vermont, l\Iarch 9 th ,
18 59. He is a lineal descendant of Elder Brewster and Steph
n
Hopkins, who came over on the famous l\.layflower in 1620. His
ancester, Thomás Foster, came to America in 16 34.
He was educated at Goddard Seminary, Barre, Vt., and at
Tuft's College, Somerville, 1Iass. He was admitted to the Bar
in 1881. In 1892 to 1894 he was a member of the Vermont Leg-
islature. He was Colonel on the staff of Governor Levi K. Fuller.
1vIr. Foster has been connected with banking, as vice-presi-
dent and director, in Vermont, and Canadian banking institutions

Sir Percy Girouard.

24-7

(the first American director in a Canadian bank), and also vice-
president of ,Massawippi Valley Railway Company.
He was appointed U. 5, Consul to Halifax, N.S., in 1897,
and was transferred to Ottawa (in 1903), the highest consulate 111
Canada.
The estimate in which he was held by the people of Halifax
was shown by one of the most elaborate banquets ever given in
the Dominion for an American consul.

SIR PERCY GIROUARD.

In a book of this nature, where so much must be written in a
small space, one must pass by man, very many things and many
people worthy extended notice, and yet I cannot pass over the
name of one of the most famous of Canada's sons, even though he
is not to-day of Canada. I refer to Sir Percy Girouard, second
son of Justice Désiré Girouard, of the Supreme Court of Canada.
He could hardly be less able with such a father, and yet too often
it is "like father, unlike son." I can but touch the life of this
young man, who, at 36, has reached a fame for which millions seek
in vain.
He graduated at the Royal Military College at Kingston, for-
tunately without honors-honor men are usually great only at
school. He spent t\\,O years in a subordinate position at railway
building on the" short lines" of the Canadian Pacific. In 1888
he became a second lientenant in the Royal Engineers, and was
sent to Chatham, England. From 1890 to 1895, he was Railway
Traffic :l\Ianager at the Royal Arsenal, at vVoolwich. In 1896,
when General Kitchener was starting on his conquest of the Sou-
dan, he called to him Percy Girouard, and made him his chid
over a full staff of able engineers, and that he chose wisely is
proven by the results.
In 1896, with the rank of 11:ajor in the Egyptian Army, he
was made Director of Egyptian Railways, and what followed seems
so wonderful that were it not a known fact it could scarcely be be-
lieved. He built a line of railway across the great Nubian desert,
against obstacles which might have daunted the greatest engineer
of the world. It is spoken of as " one of the greatest efforts of
engineering science, human endurance and pluck." Think of run-
ning a line of 600 miles through hot shifting sands, no water, or
anything necessary for road building save that which was brought
up as the road progressed. For thousands of years this desert
had been crossed with no water on the line to relieve the burning
thirst of the caravans, save that which was carried by the camels.
This young Canadian, in his wisdom, saw indications of water,
and said to his men, "Dig," and a line of wells was established

24 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

where to-day the thirst of thQusands may be relieved. He built
the line of railway, and so accurately had he calculated, that it
came very near his figures, but below them. And what is more
remarkable, he did not have trained road builders, but ignorant
Egyptian workmen and savage prisoners of war,-in short, all
kinds of help but the efficient.
In 1899 Kitchener called him to South Africa, where his
herculean work but excelled his task in Egypt. In his hands was
placed the rebuilding of all burned bridges, and so well did he
plan his work, that he not only knew the exact dimensions of
every bridge in danger of being burned, bet had a duplicate of
everyone ready, to throw across the span when needed.
He did one of the most daring feats ever attempted in ('n-
gineering.. At a place where a bridge had been burned, and where
a crossing was absolutely needed quick, he ran a road down a .
gradient of 100 feet above the bed of the stream, crossed it over,
and then up a like grade on the other side, and swung his trains
down and up again without their leaving the track. This seems
incredible, and yet it is true. No wonder, then, on April 20th,
19o1, the Government honored him with knighthood: it honored
itself in honoring him.
He was married to 1\Iiss Gwendolen, the beautiful daughtèr
of Sir Richard Solomon, K.C., on September loth, 19 0 3. Sir
Richard is the legal advisor of all the South African Governments,
No EnglishmaJ1 in the British Army was ever made, for merit, a
K.C.1\I.G., and a lieutenant-colonel at 34. This honor was 1 e-
served for a Canadian, and that Canadian the son of an Ottawan.
Is it any wonder it is so great a pleasure to write of a young man
like Sir Percy Girouard?

OTT A"VV A STATUES.

Ottawa has some verv fine stat'c1es. Another way of sayiüg
the same thing would be to tell you that Ottawa has a number of
statues, many of them the work of Philippe Herbert, the noted
Canadian sculptor. The one of Sir John l\lacdonald stands in the
Parliament grounds to the east of the Central Building. To the
west of the same building are three, Cartier's, 1\1ackenzie's, and the
magnificent one to the Queen, unveiled by the Prince of Vvales,
when, as Duke of Cornwall and York, he, with the Duchess, was
hue in 1901.
In front of the City Hall, on Elgin Street, is the statue to the
thirteen soldiers from here who fell in South Africa in the late
Boer war. It was" erected by 30,000 childr
n of Ottawa and ad-
joining counties." It is the work of Hamilton
IcC
rthy, a rising
sculptor of the Capital. There is a statue to J osC'ph E",ui;eJle

Ottawa's Statues.

249

Guiges, first Bishop of Ottawa, on the lawn of the Basilica, on
Sussex Street. He was Bishop from 1848 to 18ï4.
In the Ottawa University grounds is a statue to "]. H. Taba-
ret, founder of the University."
As mentioned elsewhere, there is a statue in l\1ajor HilI Park
to Wm. A. Osgoode and John Rogers, who fell in the Riel Rebel-
lion in 1885.

CANADIAN FORESTRY.

The Colonel came in one dav with a lot of " facts" which
he said he had cul1ed from an English Geography.
"Colonel," said I, 'are they as correct as the usual rUB of
English facts about Canada? "
" \Vell, let's see, one says 1lanitobw is treeless-"
, Hold on, Colonel, that's enough-if that is a specimen you
need not give the others."
Now, while I knew that it was wrong, I did not know just
how wrong, and as I want you all to be able to swear by (rath
r
than at) "The Hub and The Spokes," I went at once to head-
quarters, again to one of :Minister Sifton's many branches of :1is
Department, this time to the Forestry, under the courteous Sup-
erintendent, ]\Ir. E. Stewart.
"Is ]\Ianitoba treeless?" I asked. Now, l\Ir. Stewart is a
good Canadian, but for the moment he was a Yankee. He did
not answer but asked a question. "\Vhere did you get that, out
of an English Geography? "
" Right the first guess."
" I knew it. Let me give you a rule to go by, Rube, whenever
you see anything in an English Geography about Canada, just
take the opposite and you will be right. As to
lanitoba, of its
ï3,ooo square miles about one half of it is timbered. All of the
east and north, and along the rivers and around the lakes in the
rest of the Province is more or less timbered."
I soon grew so interested in Canadian forestry, that I must
have stolen much of l\Ir. Stewart's time, but he was so nice about
it, that I did not feel any hesitation in asking whatever I wanted
to know, and if I did not know what to ask he told me, so it was
all the same. Here are a few things this live tree branch is at
work on::-
Trees are raised from the seeds or from the cuttings, on
some of the Experimental Farms, and given to the farmers to
plant. Just see how things grow in Canada. Four years ago,

Timber Reserves and Fire Rangers.

25 1

this branch may be said to have started, now follow: In 1901,
18 settlers were supplied with 64,000 little trees; 1902, 415 settlers
planted 457,000 trees; 1903, 601 settlers planted 920,000 tree:;;
and this year, 2,000,000 trees are to be planted by 1050 settlers.
Here is the plan: John Smith (John is now living in Canada)
wants a timber lot planted, or a wind break about his home, or
along certain parts of his land. The Government, at no expen
e
to John, looks the ground over, and decide what kind to plant, and
how best to plant them, furnishing a plan for John's guidance.
John agrees to prepare the ground under instructions, plant the
trees, furnished free, and to care for them, and to not cut away or
remove any of them without consent of the Government Insp
c-
tor. He agrees to protect them by fencing, if need be, from ani-
mals that might destroy them. Result: In a few years John can
talk about" my timber" in a prairie country.
Canada has begun to grow in so many ways that one meets
nothing but surprises everywhere, even though going a1xmt with
eyes wide open looking for new developments.
The Dominion once looked upon its timber as something to
give away, but the man at the head is now so careful of. this valu-
able asset that he believes in planting, rather than cutting, and
Canada is correcting the mistakes of other times.
\i\That is now being sold is judiciously selected and brings
full value.
"Rube," said the Colonel, when I got back from the visit to
the Forestry Branch, and had told about the tree planting, "wh3.t
else did you hear? I didn't know that timber was so interesting
a story."
" No, nor did I-Its a long story, and I can only tell you a
little bit of it"-and I told him about

Til1'lber Reserves and Fire Rangers.
There have been set aside in various parts of the \i\T est, Re-
serves of Timber. These are protected against fire, by a oody of
men call Fire Rangers. Their duty is to travel through the tim-
ber countries-along creeks, rivers, lakes, railroads, trails or
wherever there is danger of fire. Posters of warning are supplied
by the Government, and are posted in conspicuous places by the
Rangers, the'railroads, the Hudson Bay Company and the 110unt-
ed Police.
" \Yhat, another duty for the
iounted? It strikes me, Rube,
that there's not another body of the same number of men who do
so much as they."
" And so well, and so well, Colonel; I like those men."

l5 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

Some of the Timber Reserves and Limits.
In 11anitoba:-Riding 1Iountain (larger than R. L), 1,716
sq. miles, 1,098,240 acres; "Spruce Wood," 297 sq. miles, 190,000
acres; "Turtle Mountain," 108 sq. miles, 69,120 acres; "Duck

10untain," 1,1D9 sq. miles, 709,766 acres; "Porcupine," 2,100
sq. miles, 1,382,400 acres.
Northwest Territory:-"Moose Mountain," 161 sq. miles,
10 3,000 acres; B.C., "Glacier Forest Park," 297:í. sq. miles, 18,720
acres; " The Foot Hills," 3,672 sq, miles, 2,350,000 acres; "Cook-
ing Lake," near Edmonton, 170 sq. miles, 109,000 acres; B.(:.,
Long Lake, II8 sq. miles, 76,000 acres; B.C., "Y oho Park;'
8280 sq. miles, 530,240 acres; N.\i\T.T., "Rocky Mountain Park"
(as large as Conn.) 4,500 sq. miles, 2,880,000 acres.
Ontario :-"Algonquin Park," on the Canada Atlantic Rail-
way, 1,109,383 acres; "Eastern," 80,000 acres; "Sibley," 45,000
acres; "Temagami," about half as large a
Conn., 1,400,000 acres.
This tract has probably the greatest quantity of pine of any section
of same size on the Continent, estimated at 5,000,000,000 feet. It
is not under license, and will no doubt be held, as it grows in
value all the time. "Rondeau Park," like Algonquin, is a game
preserve.
Quebec.-Laurentides National Park, has an area of ove!.
2.500 square miles, or more than twice as large as the State of
Rhode Island. "Trembling Mountain Park," no data.
Other Provinces have Parks and Reserves, but the foregoing
are the principal ones.
When I had told this to the Colonel, he wanted to know "why
has the Government and Provinces set aside so many reserves?"
,
Is it for the timber alone? "
" No, Colonel, I think it is more to protect the streams that
head in these districts. Once cut away the timber and many
streams would dry up; and once dry up the stream
and the value
of great sections of country would be destroyed."
"1 declare, Rube, the Canadians do know a lot-l hadn't
thought of that. Why, of course, I wouldn't be surprised if
manx rivers rise in some of these very reserves."
"1\1any, well, 1 would say. \i\Thy, take for instance "Riding
Mountain Reserve," Mr. Stewart said, that in that one distnct
alone no less than eight considerable and many smaller streams
head; among the number, the Assiniboine, the second river of
importance in :Manitoba, here receives most of its supply. No,
Colonel, its not alone the timber but the water that is taken into
account, in setting aside these great reserves.

M arvel/ous Growth of Timber Values.

253

The Canadian Forestry Association.
of which Mr. Stewart is Secretary, has grown from this one en-
thusiastic gentleman as a necleus, in four years to a membership
of several hundred, from all quarters of Canada, and not only
from Canada, but among the number we find, such well know
1
Forestry enthusiasts as Prof. J. W. Tourney, of Yale College, :Mr.
Daniel Smiley, of Lake l\10hawk, N.Y., C. A. Schenck, Ph. D.,
Biltmore, N.C., Fred Law Olmstead, (son of the late great land-
scape gardener), of Brookline, l\Iass., Edw.
layhugh, of Eliza-
beth, N.J., J as. Sturgis Pray, of Cambridge, l\1ass., H. Albert
:l\1oore, Dr. E. C. Jeffrey, Edw. S. Bryant, three latter a!so of Cam-
bridge. To complete the list there would of course have to be
an Ohio man, and Prof. F. 1\1. Comstock, Ph. D., of Cleveland,
of the School of Applied Science, is the member.
This Association is doing a very great deal of good. It 1S
txtending its work into every part of Canada. It is seconding
the good work of the Government in preserving the old and
working up an interest in planting new forests.
" Manitoba is treeless!" Don't believe it.

MARVELLOUS GRO\VTH OF CA
ADIAN TIl\IBER
VALUES.

The Colonel came in one day with a lot of figures about
Canadian Timber Lands. He had been do\\ n to the Sun Life
Building, corner of Sparks and Bank Streets, to see 1\1r. E. J.
Darby, Crown Timber Agent, for Ontario, and after telling me,
ho,,,- that Darby had been for twenty-eight years in the office, and
in charge since 1892, and ought to know, gave me the figures.
I could not but think that the Colonel had gotten his figures
mixed up with gold mines, so I went to see 1\1r. Darby myself,
and found that gold mines were in another class frorn "Values
a<; is values." Here is a story, or rather truth, illustrative of L:.
C
marvellous growth of values in
he, past 42 years.

Bought for $400, Sold for $665,000.
In 1861, the late \Vm. l\lackay, bought a timber limit of 100
square miles for $4.00 per mile,--$400.00. He began cutting rafts
of timber out of it in 1869. He built on it a small mill and put
on some other improvements, but nothing like in value what he
had taken off in big timber, and in 1902, this tract was sold to
J. R. Booth, for the enormous price of $665,000.
Before 1827, timber brought nothing to Canada. from 182 7
to 1851, it brought into the treasury very little more. Up to

254

Ottawa, The Hub.

1868, all Canadian timber was under one set of fees, after that
each Province made its own timber laws. I will speak more par-
ticularly of the Province of Ontario. In 1866, the minimum
Government bonus was $4.00 per square mile, and provision was
made for sales to be held half yearly. Up to 1852 Red Pine fees
,,,ere three times those of vVhite Pine, now they are the same.
Timber lands are sold in this way. At the sales a bonus per
square mile is bid, and after that the purchaser has to pay an
annual tax or ground rent as it were. In 185 I this was Soc. per
square mile, it is now $5.00 per mile. As soon as he begins cut-
ting timber he must pay $2.00 per thousand feet board measure,
for the lumber, and for square timber $50 per thousand cubic feet,
which often brings the price for a square mile very high, as for
iJIustration in the following sales, you will note that in 1903, the
highest price paid was $31,500 per square mile. That was the
bonus on first cost. This indicates a quantity of timber that will
bring to the Government in fees alone $14,000 per square mile,
or $45,500 per mile all told. When you think that once a mile
could have been purchased for $4.00, you will see why I say that
a gold mine is not in the same class.

Ontario Timber Sales.
Sq. miles sold. Highest price. Average price.
1868. . . . . . .. 38.. . . . . . . $ 5 19. . , . , . .. $ 3 80 . I 7
186 9. . . . . . .. 98.... . . .. 4 I 8. . . . . . . . 260.86
18 7 0 . . . . . . .. 12.. . . . . ., 640........ 64 0 . 00
18 7 1 . . . . . . .. 4 8 7........ 500.. . . . . . . 241.62
1872.. .. .. .. 5031. . . . .... 1000........ 117.79
1877. . . . . . .. 375........ 5 00 .. . . . . . . 201.97
1881. . . . . . . .1379. . . . . . .. 23 00 ........ 53 2 . 00
188 5. . . . . . . .1012. . . . . . .. 1250........ 3 1 4. 8 7
1887. . . . . . .. 459........ 63 00 ........ 28 59. 00
18 9 0 . . , . . . .. 376........ 2625........ 9 1 9. 08
1892........ 633........17500........ 3 6 57. 18
18 97. . . .. ... 159....:... 6600........ 168 5. 0 7
18 99... ..... 3 60 . .......85 00 ........ 2010.00
1901. . . . . . .. 399y.í...... 47 00 ........ 18 35.4 0

9 0 3. . . . . . .. 826........ 3 15 00 . . . . . . .. 445 0 . 00
We saw the first book used to record Timber Sales. It was for
the year 1830. Compare them with now. In 1827, timber sold
$:)60; 1823. $3,184; 1829, $2,237. At a recent big sale of limits,
1'hos. :Mackie, M.P., of Pembroke, paid for three and one-half
miles, $110,250, and with final fees, thcse three apd onc-
half miles will bring- to Canada over $150,000. At thIS same
sale, J\.fackie purchased in all 390 miles, paying $43 6 ,475. C.
Beck, of Penetang, bought 69
2 miles for $545,9 2 5. and the

Rube's Story of the Hogs.

2'" ..
.J.)

Hawkesbury Lumber Company, 270 miles at $337,650. Thc
e
,vere the three highest bidders. The sale amounted to $3,675,700
as against $360 in 1827. This too at a single sale in a single Pro-
vince, as against all sales made in 1827.
The success of Canada's growth in timber values may be .....t-
tributed to our own stupidity; we put a tariff on their logs, and
they set their own mills to work. We gained nothing, and it
made the fortune of many a mill man in Canada. One often has
to get outside of one's own country to see the stupidity of one's
own people.
If we ever had a ghost of a chance of Annexation, Blaine
killed that one chance, when he was more loyal than sensible, in
refusing Reciprocity.

RUBE SHO\VS THE OLD CITIZEN SO:ME CANADIAX
:MISTAKES.

" Rube, you seem to think that our country is about all right."
And the Old Citizen's bosom expanded to the full strength of his
yest buttons.
" Yes, about, but not quite," said I, aching to tell him some
very grave mistakes which I note in Canada. "Abolti. hut not
quite! Listen, while I tell you a little story.

Rube's Story of the Hogs.
" Once upon a time, we in the States, felt that \ve were a free
people. Free and independent, but that was a long while ago---
bdore the oil men, the hog men, and other hog men, got a notion
that they could become multi-millionaires, by owning all the in-
dustries worth owning, so they set out to own our industries and
succeeded. 1\10st of us down there are now clerking for them,
and boarding ourselves. But, what I started out to tell you was
about our hogs-' what ?' Oh, I see. No, you're wrong. Some poor
young men went out to Chicago from the East, and went around
town picking up a few animals, which they would kill and dispose
of, and then buy more. \Vell, it was marvellous how quickly they
grew rich, until now they pay us just what they choose to pay, and
charge us what they choose to charge for every pound of .:mr
hogs. Rich! whv at the rate they are climbing, they will soon
own the land and raise their own hogs, their own cattle, sheep-
their own grain, and the railroads to haul them to market, and"
but just here the Old Citizen broke in.
" Why did you allow them to get such a foothold?"
" We were not wise, and had no near neighbor who had been
'done up' by their kind, that we could know what to escape."

:15 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

" I don't want to be rude, but I must say it served you right."
Ah, me, I had the Old Citizen just where I wanted him.
" 11 y dear man, can't you see that your own country is in
the same condition ? You sit watching poor men grow rich-in
the same way-so fast, that good manners and any degree of cl1l-
tun: will not catch up to them for a generation, and yet you 1sk
'why did we allow them to get such a foothold?'
" In your cheese factories and creameries, you are very wi5
.
Your farmers get the benefit. Now, my dear man, if the farmers
arc wise enough to run their dairies, why are they not wise en-
ough to run their own pork packing establishments, in which the
profits are far larger?"
" Yes, but how? It would have to be done on a far larger
scale."
" It would take too long to go into details."
" You have interested me. I see vaguely how the farmers
might do this, but only vaguely. I see also that there must be
vast fortunes in pork packing, for as you say, men of small means
and ordinary ability grow rapidly rich. \Vhat plan would you
propose? "
" Something on the co-operative cheese factory and creamery
pian, only difference in the details-and as you say, to be run on
a far larger scale, but what is that when many of the farmers of
to-day have quite as much business ability as the pork packer-
and quick to catch intricate points of business. So what the
managers would lack they would soon acquire.

Establish Pork Packing H O'ltses.
" I would suggest the establishing-at large central points-
oÍ packing houses, houses equipped with every modern armliance.
To these packing houses the farmers could'ship their hogs direct."
"But say," broke in the Old Citizen. "How would the
price be determined at which they should be paid for their ship-
ments ? "
" On receipt of their stock, it would at once be weighed, in-
spected and graded, and they would be paid the price which
he
prevailing market would warrent. They being the stock-holders
of the Company need not change the form of a transaction. They
could sell, as they now sell to a packing house or drover. But,
as I said, the running of the business would only be a matter of
detail, the main point being that it would be their own business,
and the profits their own, instead of a company's, whose aim is to
"cull" and pay just as little fon hogs as possible.

Rube Talks on Cattle and Bacon.

257

Various Branches of the Business.
" Some of the various branches would be the Improvement
Branch, whose business would be to see that the very best animals
were raised; the l\Iarket Branch, whose part would be to look
out for the best markets, foreign and domestic, and-but ag-ain-
these are matters of detail."

Rube Talks on Cattle.
" What about the cattle business? This just now seems of
more importance to Canada, than even that of hogs."
., And of far more importance than Canada realizes. Did
you ever think what would happen to, your cattle trade if England
-your great shipping point-should get scared and shut out your
cattle? There is nothing so easy as to start a scare, where a food
product is in question. It might be an idle fear--one case of
disease might shut out the trade for a year-the effect of which
would mean millions of a; loss to Canada."
" And for this what would you suggest?"

" Build Abattoirs. H
" Abattoirs, in connection with your packing houses. Even
if there were no possible reason of fear of your live stock being
shut out, it is poor economy to ship on foot, when the bi-products
of cattle are the real profits. Think you that those Chicago multi-
millionaires had been such, had they depended upon the meat
alone? Why, the very hoofs are of value! So scientifically is
every part of the animal treated, that I feel safe in saying that not
so much as a penny's worth is lost. The time is now ripe fûr
such enterprise. You have a vast extent of pasture land; you have
thE; railroads, and soon to have added thousands of miles more:
you have the steamships, with their mechanical and chemical
means of refrigeration, for carrying to foreign markets the meat;
and best of all you have the men, who are capable of carrying to
success the enterprise. You have the men, all that is needed is the,
will to start, and once started, a business would grow that wouìd
go far toward placing Canada in the position which her resources
so well warrant her taking.

Rube Talks on Bacon.
"I wonder if you know-pardon me for going back to
he
first proposition-the vast advance your country has made in its
ham and bacon exports? "
" No, I had not given it a thought-Do you know?"
" Yes, I was looking over the figures the other day. I had
to read them over so many times that they got fastened 111 my

25 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

memory. I could not realize the possibility of such a growth.
That's why I read them so many times-but here they are :-In
1889, you exported 4,066,000 pounds of hams and bacon for which
you received, $381,300; in 1903, you exported 142,000,000 pound's
for which you received, $15,906,000. And yet, large as is this
growth, you have but just made a beginning. Little-Denmark is
ahead of you, in both quantity and quality, but you are fast catch-
ing up in quantity, and are not far behind in quality-especially
in your bacon, which ere long will take the lead for excellence."
"\\That you say, Rube, is all right, but the farmer is not a
good co-operator. He can never agree with anyone but himself,
and I am afraid your plan, which I must admit is a good onc,
will not be adopted until he becomes broader minded."
" In that event he must be content to dig, and plow, and see
others grow rich off his toi1. If not too late, the men who now
are boys will take up this plan, as it is the only one which wiJI
solve the problem of enriching a nation instead of the individua1."

Proper TVay to Populate Canada.
The next time I met the Old Citizen he wanted to kno\\ :
"Rube, have you thought of any more Canadian mistakes? "
" Yes, I have, but seeing as how, far wiser than I have
thought differently, it might seem bold in me to call it a mistalü
.
1\1y own country made the same one (l call it a "mistake" from
my view point) with the result that it's choicest lands have been
given away."
"What are you talking about, bacon?"
"Oh, pard(m me, I forgot that I had not introduced the
"mistake." \Vell, you doubtless know of the great efforts being
put forth to populate your country-rich lands are being gi vcn
away-lands which inside of ten years will be worth untold for-
tunes."
"Yes, I know, but how are we to get the immigrants with-
out offering them inducements to come? "
" By offering them other inducements than giving away your
richest asset. K ow listen, and I will tell you a plan that will
not only bring them, but bring more and better immigrants than
you are now getting, and at the same time get a good price for
the verÿ lands you are now giving away."
" Go on-go on, that's what Canada has long been wanting-

U To Eat the Cake and Still have It!"
"Oh, you may smile, but I can soon show you the feasibleness
of my plan. Show you in a few sentences!
"What is the first thing your Government has to do to get
the immigrant?"

How to Populate Canada.

259

" Interest him in our country."
"Correct, but what is the first question that comes into th

mind of the man, when he is interested? Is he not at first timid.,
and fear
to try even though thousands have gone before h;m a
ld
succeeded? I'll tell you, and to better illustrate both my plaa,
and the way to interest him, I will let you imagine me an immi-
grant agent in, say, Belgium, France or some other European coun-
try. Now follow, while I talk to him. I introduce the subject
of his leaving his barren country for a new world. Of course.
I tell him all about the 'milk and honey,' but he stops me right
there. 'Yes, yes,' he says, 'but how am I to get there? and what
can I do when I get there? I have no money, or too little to do
anything with, so it is out of the question."
" l\;loney? why man, we have a ship, a line of them, we will
agree to take you over, put you in a neat house on a farm, pay
you fair wages, and you shall farm for us until you can get your-
self established. \"1 e have our land laid out in lots of 160 acrèS,
you can plow, with teams furnished by us, and next season put
in a crop, and with no risk to yourself, you will in a short time be
securely established."
" Yes," says he, " but it will be too lonesome for me and my
family to live there alone!"
" Lonesome! why man, we have it so laid out that you wiil
have neighbors all about you, the same as here, with schools and
churches not far away. We have men who oversee the whole
community, look after the needs of all our farmers."
" What-and pay us wages? "
" Yes. and treat you fairly,"
" Hold on-you need say no more-I've long wanted to gl)
to Canada, but \\as afraid to risk it. I'll go, and just as soon as
I can get ready-and say-I know fifty other familit's
who will go along. It's the fear of not knowing what to do when
we get there that has kept us from going. V\Tait till I tell my wife
and the children, and I'll go with you to the neighbors," and the
'wife and children' are told. 1\1y such a family of hearty childrcn!
Ideal citizens they will make!
" We start out, I don't have to say a word. He cloes all the
talkin
, for he has caught every word I have told him. Result,
I have my selection of his neighbors. We don't want them all,
our examining physician finds some families not to our liking.
\\7 e are as independent as an employer hiring a lot of workmen.
" Now follow us across-we bring them to the part of New
Ontario, 1\1anitoba, or some other section chosen for population.
and in a short time we have them at work. The management of
the community is again a matter of detail.

260

Ottawa, The Hub.

" We do not locate them on every quarter section, but on
alternate quarters rather than, as now, on alternate or even num-
bu sections, reserving the other for the double purpose of extend-
ing the community over a wider range, and the enhancing of value
of the one reserved. Again follow me. In a year or two the
immigrants now thoroughly settled and used to their new life, see
that they are enhancing the value of your land, while they are
gEtting no further benefit than a bare living, so they may say.
'\Ne want to buy our home.' The land grown, valuable by having
been brought into good condition, you sell to him on terms which
he can very easily meet. The crops if they have been good, will
pa y for his fare over and his wages, if not you get them back
in the enhanced value of the land. Now, see your gain-a lot of
working citizens, and pay for that which you now give away, and
enhanced price for the alternate quarter sections, which may be
sold later to the settlers, or to other of their friends at home, who
may not have been in a position to come when they came.
Y 011 can readily see how by this plan, immigrants could be induc-
ed to come.
"It would be absolutelv safe for the Government, from a
financial point of view, not to take into account the rapid growth
ir.. population of your great Northwest.
" This assisting of immigrants is not new, as of course you
know how that in 1874, '75 and '76, your Government brought
oyer 6,000 :Mennonites (now grown to 31,(00), and loaned to
them, $95,ooo?"
" No, or if I did, I have forgotten. Tell me about it."
" Yes, your Government loaned these people $95,000, all of
which-with-interest-they shortly after paid back. So you
see your country has lost nothing in assisting immigrants, and my
plan, would not only save the price of the lands, but would gain
a better class of peoDle, and far more of them."

N of a PiPe Dream,.
"Rube, I did think that the brand of your 'pipe' was-well,
no matter, I now believe that Canada would not make a 'mistake'
if it looked into your 'dreams.' "
"Thanks," said 1-" thanks, but 'l{'ill Canada look into
them."
" One point more. What is the matter with our present plan
of giving away land?"
" Nothing, if you can once get the immigrants here. This
plan would get them here more readily than the present one, as
somehow it's human nature to feel that a free gift. thousands of
miles away, is not safe to go after, while by this way they start
from their homes assured of, at least, their living. Once here, and

RaPid Growth of Land Values in the N orth'Lvest. 261

they are willing to pay a few dollars per acre for lands, which
their common sense will show them, must be worth many times
the few-and that in a short while. Why, have you any notion
how fast is the growth of your land values in the l\orthwest? .,

Rapid Growth of Land Values in the N orthzeest.
" No, I must say, I have not followed them."
" Well, let me tell you-and I will not give as illustration
any of your settled Provinces. III cite to you the Korthwest
Territory, beyond Manitoba along the line of the C.PR. Wild
land is now as high in places as $9 per acre, and improved farms
have sold for $35 per acre-land that a very short time ago was.
worth but little, if there was any sale at all for it. This is but au
instance-and yet with all this fortune to offer the immigrant.
he hesitates, because he cannot grasp the greatness of the gift.
H he could you could not keep him away."
I learned afterward that the Old Citizen doubted my word
as to the values of land in the Territories, and asked Dr. D., mem-
ber for -, who corroborated all I had told him. He did what
I, wanted him to do. Being careful to verify my statements, I am
never so pleased as to have them looked into by the d
)'.1bter. for
then he is doubly convinced.

Canada's Generous Offer.
One cannot wonder that the people of an old settled country
do not grasp the offer that Canada is so generously making-if
they could-well, an armed force could not keep them away from
the" Granary of the world," as the great 'Korthwest is so justly
called.
It may not be uninteresting to you to know how fast the
lands are being taken up. Here is what :Mr. J as. A. Smart, the
Deputy "Minister of the Interior, says on the subject: "Never
has Canada commanded so much attention in Great Britain, in lhe
United States and abroad, as it does at the present moment, allJ
while many favorable causes have no doubt contributed to hring
its immense resources prominently before the world, non::> in this
respect have had a more powerful effect than the wonderful rich-
ness of the western agricultural fields, and the opportt:nities af-
forded to those who have already settled in Canada, to materially
improve their social condition.
"Now th'1t the tide of immigration to this country has assumed
3tich large proportions and permanency of character, which fullv
justify Canadians in viewing- the possibilities of the f"ttlre with
sentiments of national pride, it seems remarkable that this great
agriculture wealth
hot1ld have remained dormant and ignored. for
so many years, when millions of land-seekers from the old world

262

Ottawa, The Hub.

were over-crowding themselves in the neighboring republic to the
south of us.
Increase in ReceiPts,
as shown by the report on lands, for 1903. The receipts from all
sources during the year were $2,418,355, an increase of $699,-
960, over the previous year. The homestead fees were $320,407,
compared with $144,425, for the preceding year.
" The gross revenue in cash' alone was $2,244,062.21, or an in-
crease of $702,346.26, over the previous year.

Free H otnesteads.
" During the past fiscal year 31,383 entries for free homsteads
\vue granted to the settlers locating in western Canada. I t is
the largest number of entries ever granted by the department.
The land thus disposed of covered an area, taking the theoretical
area of a homestead at 160 acres, of 5,021,280 acres. This,
added to the 4,229,011 disposed of by companies, and the 137,270
acres sold by the department, gives a grand total of 9,387,6GI,
acquired for settlement during the year."
On the subject of immigration, 1\lr. Smart says:-
" There can be no question that the most important branch
of the Government service is that respecting immigration, as the
increase in the population necessarily affects the consuming and
prúductive forces of the country. The trade and commerce, the
revenue, the development of the mine, of the fisheries, of the for-
('st, of agriculture, are regulated by and largely dependent upùn
the number of citizens who compose the community. This is es-
pecially true of a country like Canada, whose boundless areas ùf
arable land are its first and permanent source of wealth."
By this report, we find that 5,021,280 acres were given away.
Suppose' that the immigrants to whom this vast area was giv?n
free, had been assisted on a basis of ten times that of the 6,080
l\lennonites or nearly $5,ooo,ooo-and again place the land at the
nominal price of $5 per acre, and out of this $25,106,400, there
would be net to the Government $20,000,ooo-not to mention the
final return of the money advanced originally, and that too with
a better class of immigrants secured, than those who made the fre

entries.

Ad'vantages all on the Side of the Immigrant.
vVhen the Colonel read this over, he said: " You are right
from Canada's standpoint. For her own interest your planJ would
be vastly to her benefit, but how about the immigrants who have
money enough and pluck enough to come out and take up thi'5
land at a gift?"

HardshiPs of the Early Settlers.

26 3

"That is not the question, Colonel. I've been talking about 'Can-
ada's mistakes.' As for the immigrants, it's a gold mine with
the shaft sunk and steam up! "

HardshiPs of the Early Settlers.
"Did you ever contrast old times with now, when the builders
of Canada came to settle in the woods of Nova Scotia,
ew
Brunswick, Quebec or Ontario? Do you know that an immi-
grant then might work a whole life time and not be as far along
as one of to-day, the first season he lands?"
" How's that possible? "
"You should know without asking. The man who came here
less than 100 years ago--yes, les.s than 75 years ago--found no
conveniences, and many things to discourage him. The country
was a wilderness-unfit to till until the forests were cleared away,
and that took years, to get ready a small farm, and far away
markets, when anything was raised to sell. To-day the new-
comer's limit is bounded only by his means, and ability to plow,
sow and reap. He does not have the forests to clear away, but
may go to plowing the very day he lands, if he is ready. Now
it all depends upon himself-then everything depended upon con-
ditions, and if the stories of early settlers may be taken as true-
and no one doubts them-these conditions were often almost
heart-breaking, even to the hardy Scot, and to the plucky Irish-
man. Then it was years of hard work with little prospect at the
end, now a fortune lies ready made-ready, and waiting to be
plowed up and garnered! And a market to take all that can be
raised, with schools, churches and every convenience that modern
civilization can devise, for the comfort and pleasure of the immi-
grant.
"No, Colonel, it's not the mistakes of the immigrant about
'which I am talking, and writing. If I wrote of his mistakes, I"d
show very readily and to his own mind how foolish he is to stay
in a congested community, where his only hope can be but a bare
existence for himself, and no better prospect for the children !1e
may leave behind, when he may come to a land as free as the air,
anå as productive as an Eden. No, Colonel, it's not the immi-
grant's but Can3.da's mistakes I've been talking about."

PART FOURTH.

THE HUMORS OF THE CAPITAL.

MAJOR.:,
GROWLEY DON'T LIKE US;

OR,

The Man with the II Ditches" and "Trenches," who is to Take Washington
City in Three Months.

OTT A W ANETTES.

Fire Protection and Other Things, of Lighter Vein.

PART

FOURTH.

THE HUMORS OF THE CAPITAL.

:l\IA]OR GROWLEY DON'T LIKE US.

" Anything doing in town to-night?" asked the Colonel, one
evening at the table, shortly after we reached Ottawa.
"Nothing that I know of," replied the good landlady.
"Nothing except the choir meeting around at our church" Now, if
there is anything that the Colonel is not passionately fond of, it is
choir meeting in a new town.
One of the old boarders just then spoke up, and asked if we
liked the circus.
" Circus r" exclaimed the Colonel, brightening up from the
pall thrown over him by the 'choir meeting.' "Circus in town
to-night? Whose-where-when?"
"Growley's-Parliament-eight o'clock," replied the .old
boarder, in even fewer words than the Colonel had used in his
brief inquiry,
"Who's Growley?" and everybody around the table looked
in wonderment at us, as though we had shown unpardonable ignor-
ance in not knowing :Major Growley.
"Why, he is a man whom everyone of you should know,"
said the O. B. "He is the man who is going to take Washington
City in less than three months after he once gets started."
" Oh, I see," replied the Colonel, "we know that man well;
he is from our State, but then he has another name with 11S. We
don't call him 'Grow ley,' everybody down there calls him
, Coxey.' "
We didn't know then why, but it took those jolly boarders
several minutes to finish up some smiles which they had started

268

Ottawa, The Hub.

at the name of "Coxey." Each smile was a laugh peculiarly per-
sonal-and all at our expense. The O. B., however, kindly came
to our rescue with: " You know that every nation has to have a
regulator, a man who looms far above all others; a man whose
giant intellect dominates the age; a man whose greatness mak
s
all other men seem but pigmies; a man who, when other statesm
n
reach a period in the nation's welfare where they know not which
way to turn, can lead them out and guide them into the right path.
For such a man, the British Empire had long waited in vain, but
finally, by the merest chance, he rose from the common people, and
to-day he is the leader among the men of the Empire-and that
man's name is Major Growley, and to-night he is to speak. But
a word of advice to you: don't let him know that you are there."
To hear so great a man was indeed a bit of good fortune
we had not counted upon. But why had the O. B. warned us not
to let Major Growley know that we were among his listeners?
That was the question. We learned, however, in due time, and
sat trembling during his speech, lest he should know that two poor
lone Yankees sat within shooting distance of his It trenches."

Drawn front a Saharian Thought Source.
Would that I had the space to give you his speech. It was
wonderfully constructed. I had never heard its like before, and
may never hear such an one again. It was a Nile of words,
drawn from a Saharian thought-source, as the "catch-phrase"
maker might say in trying to describe it.
The speech started at his own desk, but soon he began dis-
tributing it all along the aisle toward where sat the" Hansard"
man, vainly trying to keep up. This seemed to be his destina-
tion; there he stood raining gestures and things over poor Mr.
Simpson, and poor Mr. Simpson without an umbrella! The
" Hansard" man did not deserve this, as he was not to blame for
the ills at which the Major spake.
He carefully avoided saying anything good of us Yankees,
and I did not blame him. It would have pained me deeply to have
seen his unclothed grand mamma jump up from her grave and
pound him to death in our very presence for" one word in favor
of the United States." We would far rather go without the
" word" than hear it spoken at such a fearful cost to Major
Growley. \Ve poor misguided ones have, for generations, thought
that we had a good constitution, but it is all a mistake; even Algiers
has a better one-as ours is but" a jumble of tyrannies." Nor
does he give us any hope, since it is to run on " eternally and for-
ever." A wful to contemplate! The Colonel whispered to
ne,
at one period of the speech, " Rube, I don't believe 1'Iajor Growley
loves us."

AI ajor Grm.tlley's Great Speech.

269

U The only Good Englishman is a Dead Onc. n
" No, Colonel; but we will have to bear it alJ as best we can."
Just when we were feeling the saddest, he turned his attention
from us, and surprised us by saying that: " The only good English-
man is a dead one." "Yes," said he, "I am an admirer of the
English race of 50 years ago, not the pigmies of to-day."
I could not but feel sad at this; it broke up a lot of my idols.
Sìnce boyhood I had thought that Gladstone was great, that Lord
Russell was a man of wonderful abilitv, that Lord Palmerston had a
mind capable of worthy deeds, that Salisbury*, Rosebery, Balfou.,
and others among the present living statesmen of England, were
men worthy of admiration; but not so, for Major Growley can go
out almost any morning before breakfast, and " pick up from the
streets of Ottawa, mechanics who could give pointers to those
stupid little jackasses in the ministry in London."
Now, isn't this sad! I will have to start all over and build
up a new set of idols to worship!
At this point I thought that the
lajor had used up all of his
material; he had consigned us poor misguided Americans to a
climate even warmer than any point below the St. Lawrence, and
had been more severe, if possible, with the British; but he had n.::>t
used all his material, he stilI flowed on, like the brook. He re-
turned to Canada, and demanded the instant resignation of one
whom I had long looked upon as a man among the most capable
in the Canadian ministry. Of course I had been mistaken, as I
was in my admiration for the aforementioned English statesmen.
I had been admiring a man whose place could be better filled by
Major Growley's office boy-that is, of course, taking it for grant-
ed that :Major Growley's office boy had attended strictly to busi-
ness in picking up the stray bits of wisdom that had fallen from
the brain-pan of his great master.
Ah! me. I wished then that I had gone to " choir meeting."
I know that my feelings could not have been more harassed than
they were at that moment, at sight of my faIIen idols.
Fortunately,
lajor Growley having no more idols to break,
and having put all the Ontario newspapers out of business, chang-
ed and took up railroading, at $28 a minute. Ah, there's where he
excelled! I could not but think that in the making of a states-
man a good car conductor had been lost to Canada.
To be Frozen to Death.
Weare to be frozen to death. I can think of no part of
1fajor Growley's $3,360 (120 minutes at $28 per minute, the cost
to the Dominion Government), speech that will make a more
fitting close to my sketch than this from his " railroad building-."
He was wrought up to a high degree of oratory when he said:

* Salj,:bury W.lS then living.

27 0

Ottawa, The Hub

., Build railroads, gentlemen! Build railroads, build them in all
parts of the Dominion. Railroads are vast civilizers; we need
them in all portions of the country. We need them in the far
North-west, we need them in my home town down east."
"Hear, hear," and ., Right you are," from all parts of the
house.
" Yes, I say, gentlemen, build railroads, 100,000 miles of rail-
roads; parallel 'em and cross 'em-they are better when crossed.
Let us build one to the north pole, and with Captain Bernier as
engineer, we could, in case of war, retreat-"
" Never! never!" from some members.
" Yes, but victory is often gained by retreat I"
"Always, but 'victory' for the other fellows," from som.e
more members, but the :l\Iajor paid no heed as he swung along.
"Then when the summer-"
" Never retreat in hot weather! "
" Comes, we could retire-"
" 1\ ever retire!"
" To the north pole, run up our flag, and freeze the enemy to
death, as did the Russians at l\10scow. Yes, gentlemen, I repeat
it, build railroads. 'There's milyuns in it! I\lilyuns in it!'"
Curtain fell, as the great speech ended, and we all silently
moved away.

OTT A \V ANETTES.

Some Capital Stories.
There are various excuses for telling a story or a joke, or giv-
ing a bit of humor. The story may be old in the city of its ori-
gin, yet new to the outside worid. It may be old to both, yet its
origin unknown to the world.
Ottawa has some excellent bits of humor and pleasantries, so
good in themselves, that though old to its people, I will risk their
newness to the general reader.

" Alwa:ys to the {runt!" -A meeting was being held to take
charge of a certain mayoralty election. The name of l\lr. X. was
suggested for one of a committee. l\Ir. Y. arose and said: " :M r.
Chairman, oi doan't think it advoiseabil to naminait a man who is
nat prisint. He may not be wid us in sintemint an go agin us ahn
principal. I objict to the naim of Mr. X until we foind if he's
wid us in beath."

The Great and Only Mr. Z.J s Historical Speech. 27 1

Mr. X., who was" prisint," but had not been seen by Mr. Y.,
arose, and in great dignity of manner, said: " Af Misther Y. wad
look behoind him as wull as furninst him, he wad see that John X.
is always to the frunt!"

U The half of yees. n -This same Mr. X. once called down
into a sewer, which he was building, and asked of the men below,
"How manny of yees ahr down thare?" "Three," came back
the answer, "Wull, the half of yees cum up!"

"Ahr ye down thare?n -At another time he called to his
brother: "Pat, ahr ye down thare? Pat, I say, ahr ye down
thare? Ah! wad ye listhen to me, Pat, ahr ye down thare? Af
ye're nat thare, whoy the - doant ye say so, ahn not hov me
waistin' me brith bawlin' out at yees? "

The great and only Mr. Z.-Mr. X. has furnished many good-
natured smiles, but he is not in the same" running" with Mr, Z.,
who, for flow of words, has possibly no equal in the Dominion.
His use of words in their flow has become proverbial. Mr. Z. has
collected a large fund of information, and instead of arranging it
in some order, has thrown it indiscriminately into the great reser-
voir under his hat, where it remains on tap. If he wants any of
it, he simply opens the flood gate, and it pours out as free from
order as it went in. He is severe in his invective, and few th
re
be who care to become the subject of his" philipics." One day a
" subject" became the object at which this was hurled, with all
the power that could be given to it by Mr. Z. "There sits a mon
who, like Pontchus Poilot, demands his pound of flesh, a mon that
Judas Iskariot would be ashamed to know by day, and afraid to
meet in the dark."
Historical Speech.
In one of his literary flights he worked himself up by easy
stages to this: " In the words of the immoral Shakespeare, in his
Paradise Lost, ' A mon's a mon for a' that,' or like the great Sir
Walter Dickens, in his Lays J\1iserables, ' Full manny a flower is
born to blush unseen,' and yet it's nothing agin the flower. No,
gintlemen, my candidate is ' a mon for a' that,' and I blush, though
riot unseen, whin I think of those who oppose him. l\1y candi-
date, gintlemen, is no ordinary candidate. He was wafted across
the great ocean from the little isle where wan million freeman aft

foighting for their luberty. He came to save our fair city from
the gulls and vultures He landed a poor, pinnyless boy,
with only a dollar and a half to his name, and look at him to-day,
a milyunare, wurth two hundred I and fifty thousand dollars. Vote,
I say, in conclusion, vote for my candidate, and yu'll niver regret
it." They voted and elected his candidate, but his candidate, pay-

27 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

ing more attention to the social side than to his watch, only served
a part of his term.

Footprints of the Hand of Providence.
At another time, speaking of the prosperity of the country,
he said: "The footprints of the hand of Providence is seen on
every side. Prosperity is rampant in the land, and the horn of
plenty was never distended over so wide an area way. All busi-
ness is good, for both consumer and consumed, for well you know
that the greater the consumption the more there is consumed an-
nually each year."

The Caves of N epean Point, or the Captain of the
Black Pirate Ship.
Possibly his greatest flight of fancy occurred in another poii-
tical speech. This flight had in it marks of real ability, and we
cannot but wonder what 1\lr. Z. would have been had he one-half
the education of many another holding high position, or as a writer
of fiction. Said he, in part, by way of simile: "Sur Wilfred
Laurier, our great Premier, has planted the tree of prosperity on
Parliament Hill, and its branches have spread over the length and
breadth of Canada, bringing peace, happiness and prosperity to
the entire country. There is no more happy or prosperous coun-
try to be found than Canada, from the rising of the sun to the
going down thereof. But there was a black pirate ship, the cap-
tain of which was Sur Charles Tupper, came out from the caves
around N epean Point, floating a black flag, and endeavoured to
pull up this tree of prosperity, but, gentlemen, I tell you, I tell
you, that the country will not allow such a thing to be done!" He
was right, and the tree is still casting its shadows " from the ris-
ing of the sun to the going down thereof."

a The Scarlet Robes of the Golden Sunset."
Later.-During the campaign just closed there was no
speaker who showed himself more the old time orator than l\1r.
Z. We were fortunate in hearing one of his great efforts. In
telling of it, I can give but the words, the fire of his moving ora-
tory must be imagined. His similes rolled forth as a great vol-
ume from an organ of music. As usual, he was sounding the
praises of a great candidate, and that candidate's chances for r
-
ekction. Said he, in one of his loftiest flights: "They cannot
defate him. It wad be as aisy to tare the crimson robes from the
golden sunsit, as to pull from off his placidyus brow, the crOWl1
of maple leaves." At this writing, both the Sun and Mr. Z.'s can-
didate are wearing their usual adornments, the one his "crimson
robes," the other his "crown of maple leaves."

U Ze Old Vun 'vaz ze Yung Vu,n.n

273

Market Morning.-Ottawa has two markets, one on Lyon anù
Sparks Streets, the other in Lower Town, on York Street. To
this latter the Colonel and I went one morning. It was quite en-
tertaining, and not unlike the old market at home, only that we
heard more kinds of language.

" The Spring Chickens." -One buyer was going up and down
among the wagons, hunting for a brace of spring chickens. Spring
chickens were scarce that morning. He could find but two, whi
h
he finally had to take at $1.10. They were dropped into his bas-
ket, and the $1.10 transferred to the farmer, who was still pro-
testing that they were cheap enough. ,. Cheap!" said the buyer.
" Cheap! I can't see it; $1.10 for two spring chickens! How
can you say they are cheap ?" "They are very cheap; just think
of the grain I've had to feed them for the past three years !" But
he had the $1.10.

U Ze Old Vun
'a::; ze Yung Vun. n
A little further along, a grocer was pricing two dressed hogs,
one large and the other small. The farmer was trying to explain
that the little one was older than the big one. "Ze leetle vun vaz
ze beeg vun, ze beeg vun vaz ze leetle vun, because" -but he
didn't get to the finish of his explanation, as his wife came to his
rescue. "Go yay pack, ze chentleman could nevaire dell vat you
zay" and turning to the grocer began: " He doan mean ze leetle
vun is ze beeg vun, he mean zet ze old vun is ze peeg vun. He
nevaire ze English vill spake. I have to ze mairkeet to cum
evaire da to spik ze English to ze peep Ie, zay nevaire unerstan vat
he zay to zem. ., Ze leetle vun vuz ze beeg vun; bah!" as she
threatened to throw at him a small red beet, but she did not throw
it; it might have spoiled the beet, and she was frugal.

Edward got the Place.
The Prime Minister is very popular. Some of the shanty-
men, who seldom hear what is going on in the world, seem to feel
content to let Laurier run it-the world-to suit himself.
When Queen Victoria died, and the Prince of Wales was
made King Edward, a shantvman, on hearing the news, and think-
ing that the Hon. W. C. was the "Edward," exclaimed, " Ze
Queen vas dedi She vas vun gud Queen; evaire body love ze
Queen. Who get ze place now?" "Edward-he gets ze place."
" :My, my, but she must have ze beeg pull vit ze Laurier! "

Follows the Medical Profession.-When the Canadian boys
were in London, just after the S011th African war, they were
treated royally. Nothing was too good for th(" soldiers who nad

274

Ottawa, The Hub.

shown their; marvellous bravery on the field, and their good nature
in camp. All doors and all hearts were open to them. There
,,"cre some Ottawa boys among the number, one in particular whose
charm of manner is proverbial, a young man whose address would
at once be remarked. It was remarked by one of the nobility,
who sought him out and engaged him in conversation. By way of
preface, I will say that among other things, he was interested in
the undertaker's business.
" You ah a wonderful people, you Canidians ! You always
have money. I suppose you are all enguiged in business and the
profashions. I would judge you were a profashional. l\Iay I
ahsk what profashion you follow?"
"\Vell," said the young Ottawan, in a dignified manner, ., I
am engaged in a number of things, but I mostly follow the medical
profession !"
" Ah, and which school?"
" All of them-all of them, my Lord!"

U Off to a Better Warid."
For downright, unconscious humor, commend me to tILe
Ottawa business man. A druggist-but even better known
as a politician-got out a calendar. It was a fine calendar. There
was a large, full-grown angel carrying upward from the earth a
beautiful young maiden. On one side of the picture was: " I sell
drugs." Then beneath the picture was, " Off to a better world."

U A Full Hand."
I told you how well informed the conductors and motormen
are. They are quick at repartee as well. " One evening thr
e
gentleman and two ladies," says an "Old Saw" who saw it, "ail
well-known Ottawans, entered a Bank Street car. The gentlemen
were full of spirit (not the plural). The gallant doing the honors,
produced five tickets, which he arranged like a hand at cards, and
a5 the conductor approached, remarked: "A full hand!" "Y èS,
I see," said 42, "a full hand; three jacks and two queens." (The
Colonel says the term is one used in a certain game of cards play-
ed in Renfrew).
U We'll Toss for the Next!"
Two Ottawans were out together. One was English, the
other was Scotch All day long one of the two had been paving
the bills, and was allowed to pay without question until quite late,
when conscience-if he had one-said, " My friend is most gen
r-
OllS, and yet 'tis not fair that he should do all the paying," and
then aloud to his friend: " I've been thinking, you have paid every
bill to-day. Now, 'tis not fair, so we'll toss for the next!"

Rube and the Colonel Run to a Fire.

275

The Colonel asked me: "Rube, did you find which was
which ?"
" Yes, Colonel, but I promised not to tell," and yet, I fear me
that I will be accused of being too personal in my story.

Well, den, '00 det de dust-pan."
Even the Ottawa babies could furnish some good ones ivr
this chapter. Irene, aged three, had been going to Sunday School,
and sitting with "mamma," who thought the little ones should
go into a class, so one day" mamma" said:
" Irene, if you go to Sunday school to-day, you must go into
Mr. R.'s class."
" I don't want to do in IVIister R.'s tlass!"
'
Irene, mamma says you must, or you cannot go with her
to-day."
" Well, den, I will do in de tlass," she said, and the tears were
very near the surface, as she continued: " J\Iamma, I dist don't see
what Dod made J\Iister R. for anyhow," but she went.
Another day, as she sat playing with htr dolly, her mother
said: " Irene, run and get the dust-pan for mamma."
" No, I tant do; dolly wants me to play wif her! "
" Oh! Irene," said the mother, with a whole volume of sadness
in her voice, "will my little girl refuse to do this for mamma?
You know mamma always does things for you when you ask her."
"Well, den, '00 det de dust-pan!"

Rube's Ottawa Sweetheart-aged n'lne.
:My Ottawa sweetheart (aged 9) was making love to my rival
(aged 65), when I protested, and wanted her to " save a little for
me." I shall never forget her pretty brown eyes, as she asked:
" Do you think a little would satisfy you?" with a great deal of
coquettish emphasis on the "little." \\There children are in ques-
tion, I must admit that I like the love unlimited.

RUBE AND THE COLONEL RUN TO A FIRE.

On the basis that" Practice makes perfect," Ottawa should
have good fire protection, and so it has, else there would not be so
much of it left after its many great fires, the greatest of which was
imported from Hull in 1900. This particular fire was so vast in
extent, that the engines of all Canada might have played on it
with about the same effect as a summer shower on a prairie fire,
and yet Chief Prevost turned it, and kept it from the main part

27 6

Ottazc}a, The Hub.

of the city. The Colonel and I were desirous of seeing the work-
ing of the system, and mentioned to the Chief: " You see, Chief,"
said I, "we have heard so much about your fire men, that we
would like to see them at work."
" Rube, as you are not a bad sort, even though a little-well,
no matter. As I was going to say, I will try and arrange to have
you see what the boys can do."
He did, but I never could have asked him to have a $5 0 ,000
fire just to let us see how the boys worked; but there's nothing
small about the Chief, except the number of his men (54), and
inside of a week we had the finest fire I had seen since Jones'
brewery burned down, and as I had no furniture in the building
or stock in the company, I enjoyed seeing it almost as much as ,-he
prohibitionists did that fire of Jones'. What we did object to
though, was to have the Chiefs' alarm wake us at two o'clock in
the morning. \Ve rise early, but there is a limit, and that limit is
not two a.m. There was no help for it, and almost as soon as I'm
tdling you, the Colonel and I were on our way to the fire, which,
by this time (owil1g to the turpentine, oil and other things con-
ducive to a real gool fire of the bright cheery sort), was makbg
Ottawa's electric light system look like 29 cents on account.
Now, as this is not for the morning papers, I will not go into
detail, further than to say that I never before watched a fire that
I did not feel it my duty to tell the Chief just how to conduct it.
And yet, as I told Prevost next day, I conducted this fire by tele-
pathy. Why, every time I saw what should be done I thought,
and the Chief had it done so promptly, that I was surprised to see
how well my system (telepathy) worked, and his system was so
perfect that the fire was confined to the one large building, and
that, too, with frame houses around, and a good strong breeze
blowing, with occasional explosions of the turpentine, which added
greatly to the excitement of the occasion.

Police so Nice and Kind up Here.
The wonder to us was to see how the boys could work in
smoke so dense that it might have been cut into slices and sold by
the pound while we often had to run from it, from our position
across the street. Yes." across the street," for the police are so
. nice and kind up here, that they allow everybody to get right into
the fire, if thev have a mind to, and can stand the heat, and never
say a word. 'So different down home, where one don't dare go
néar the building for a week after the fire; but, then, for th-at
matter, the police here haven't come to feel that there is but one
people, and that they are "It." They have, when occa"ion demands
lots of "backbone," but are never" chesty," and you just can't
help liking them.

Fire Protection.

277

" Rube," said the Colonel, when he had read this over, " I see
that you haven't said a word about that other early alarm you re-
sponded to that morning so hastily."
"What alarm?" I asked.
"That three, three, three, nine."
"That was before I had learned the different sounds of :he
bells, and the numbers of the alarm; besides, it might be better for
us all, if we responded more frequently to the" three, three, three,
nine," as another sort of "fire protection." \Vhich reminds me
that in speaking of

Fire Protection,
I will give a few things along the fire line for the benefit of the
Ottawans who do not even know what an excellent system they
have. Ottawa has nine engine houses, equipped with every pos-
sible device, even down to the little things, and all of the latest in-
ventions. These are the important things :-Three ladder trucks:
one Gleason & Bailey 8s-feet aerial truck, and two 56-feet portable
extension ladders; nine hose wagons, with 20,000 feet of hose; one
La France Company, Elmira, N.Y., and two \Vaterous, Brantford,
Ont., fire engines; thirty-six "race" horses (you'd think so if
you saw them), twenty-six portable fire extinguishers; not to
mention the hundreds of yards of salvage covers, and all other-
possible fire paraphernalia which would come under the head of
"little things." Then, there are 900 fire hydrants on Is-inch
(mostly) water mains, with a water pressure of 45 to 100 pounds.
The pressure is sufficient for most fires, so that the engines are
seldom used. $75,000 is being spent this year on making the main
system a perfect one. In 1902 there were 266 alarms responded
t
and right here is proof of the efficiency of the service. The
total loss from all fires during the year was but $135,270.
The long service of some of the firemen is quite remarkable.
Chief Prevost has been in 21 years. First in l\10ntreal, and 7
years at the head of the service in Ottawa. Thomas StanfOi-d,
Senior Assistant Chief, has been a fireman here for 29 years, and
James Latimer, Assistant Chief, 27 years. The two assistants
have charge, one of the west, the other of the east, end of the city,
while Chief Prevost lives in the centre, and responds to all calls.
Yes, OUa wa has a better fire system than even its own people
know.

Otta7.Vans AI atter of Fact PeoPle.
Then, they are so matter of fact about their fires. The post
office burned one night. but as it started in the upper storys, they
kept right on with their work on the first floor, and before
" things" fell in, the work was all done, all mail matter and move-
ables taken out-not a single " make-up" for outgoing trains was

27 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

missed, while next morning one would not have known that there
had been a fire, as the morning mail was on time as usual, the
" post office" having been removed after midnight to the Parlia-
ment Buildings. I thought this quick work, but when-less than
four weeks later-they were back in the old office, I felt that Lhe
Post Office Department might give us a number of points -:)n
speed. Why, the next morning a corps of workmen, like bees for
numbers, were clearing out the hot debris; these were followed
by carpenters, plumbers and other builders, and as I said, less than
four weeks from the fire, that had left little but the bare stone
walls, the mail was again being handled in its old quarters as
usual. There is little red tape in the Post Office Department
under Sir William Mulock. If things are to be done, there is little
question about the doing with Sir William, This office is under
Postmaster Mr. J. A. Gouin, with :Mr. E. B. Bates as a most
capable assistant, and a corps of helpers who know and do their
duty. At the time of the fire, one man; l\Ir. W. O. JHercer. work-
ed with no rest for thirty-six hours.
By town Fire Brigades.
" Big difference, Colonel, between the old and the new way
of fire fighting, here as well as elsewhere."
"What do you know about the fire companies of old By town
days?" asked the Colonel.
" About all that Paul Favreau (the oldest fireman in Canada)
ex-Chief W m. Young, Fred. Proderick, and others of the old boys
know," said I, and then I told him how that away back in 1842,
the" l\futuals " was the first company. It was in Upper Town.
The" Alliance" came next, in 1845, in Lower Town. Both, of
course, were hand engines worked by volunteers. The water was
supplied by the " puncheon men," who were paid-the first one to
reach the fire, $2.00-and 25 cents for subsequent barrels. The
race to get there first often resulted in almost empty barrels, either
by reason of little water at the start, or jolted out on the way.
No matter, the first barrel drew the $2.00, even though thl:1 engine
drew but a pail of water from it at the end.
In 1847, John Langford joined the Mutuals and became Chief.
In 1853, the corporation purchased three engines-the "Cha.l-
diere," " Ottawa," and "Rideau." The first-named was given to
the "l\1utuals," which then took the name of the engine. The
" Ottawa" and" Rideau" were manned by companies under their
names.
About this time two hook and ladder companies were formed
in Upper and in Lower Town, and took the names of the two dis-
tricts.
As the city grew, another engine, the" Queen," was pur-
chased.

The Colonel J the TO'1natoes and the Dog. 279

The " Rideau," " Queen," and Lower Town hook and ladder
companies were composed exclusively of French residents, the
other companies of English speakers.
Up to 1867 the companies were managed on the go-as-yon-
please plan. That year the corporation assumed some authority
over them, and appointed a chief and deputy chief, who were to
have full command over all. John Langford was made chief, and
Paul Favreau deputy.
The various companies had, at that time, the following num-
ber of men: The" Chaudiere," 60 men; " Ottawa," 60; " Rideau,"
40; "Queen," 40; Lower Town hooks and ladders, 25; Central
hooks and ladders, 25. In aU. 250.
In I872, John Langford resigned, and Wm. Young was made
Chief, having been a member of the Upper Town hook and laddèr
company since 1859.
Chief Young at once made a business matter of fire fighting,
visiting cities in Canada, and the larger ones of the United States.
The fir
t steam fire engine-the" Conqueror," from Merry-
weather & Sons, London, England-was the beginning of a new
era for Ottawa. The engine reached the city after much delay,
in January, 1874. l\Iany an Ottawan will remember the" Con-
queror" and "anti-Conqueror" factions. "It is too heavy,"
said the antis. "J ust right," said the others.
Next the" Ottawas" were voted a Silsby engine, which was
so trim and nice that it was called the" John Heney," after a very
popular alderman, who, at 85, is quite as popular as ever.
The" Chaudiere's " turn came next, and a Hislop & Roland,
Chatham, Ont., steamer was given them.

THE COLONEL, THE TOMATOES AND THE DOG.

The Colonel and I have had many choice bits of experience
in and around Ottawa during our wanderings, bvt just at the
moment I cannot think of one other that took up so much of our
time, not that we were particularly busy that afternoon, but we
never like to actually give precious moments unless something is
accomplished, and really, I can't, even yet, see what we gained
by the wasted hours, and waste them we certainly did. Yes, just
sat 'round in that tree from early afternoon until the moon was
weUup. We didn't have a thing to do but just sit there. If we
had only gotten down and played a game of MU11'lblepeg, it would
have been a restful change, but we did not think of it-at least
we did not get down to play the game. "What 'lUere 'lUe doing in
the tree?JJ Pardon me, I had forgotten that you did not know.
I knew so well that I thought you'd know about it. "Tell you?"

280

Ottawa, The Hub.

\Vell, you see, it was the day the Colonel and I were over there
back of Ottawa East. \Nhile going leisurely along viewing tl:.e
beauties of the Rideau River, and taking in bits of scenery and
other things that were not fastened down, we passed a tomato
patch near a farm house. There being no wire fence that day,
the Cotonel began hunting for a " ripe one," but just as he found
it, the farmer ran out, gesticulating and saying something in
French, while unchaining a nice large dog which he had in the
yard.
" \Vhat is he saying, Rube," asked the Colonel. as we started
for a wide branching tree, fortunately not too far away.
" I think, Horatius, that he is telling us that we can find riper
tomatoes over where he is;' but we didn't go over to see, as we
were both busy, just then, seeing if we couldn't reach that tree
before the dog. It was almost an even race, but we got there
first. Not very much first, but enough to save having to w
ar
patches. I don't know when I have seen a dog that could run like
that one. He looked big and clumsy, but he wasn't; no, not even
a little bit clumsy. He was, in fact, real fleet. It was only the
handicap of distance which lost him the race. About half a foot
less and he had been the winner.
That farmer may have been French as to language, but he
certainly had one of the best English laughs I've heard iri Ottawa.
I know, for as we looked back to where he was standing, he was
busy using that laugh, just as though it were a real pleasure to
him. \Ve looked in all directions, but neither the Colonel nor I
could' see a single thing in sight to laugh at, but there that French
farmer stood holding his sides and "haw-hawing" in excelle,lt
English, without even an accent in the" haw-haw:' He did look
so foolish to us as we sat in that tree trying to make friends with
his dog, but that dog wouldn't get sociable, no matter what oNe
said to him. \Ve learned afterwards that the beast was French,
and we had wasted all our pet names on him. And yet, while
he may not have been a sociable dog, he had some rare qualities,
and not least among those qualities was his patience. I have
known intimately many dogs in my life, but at the moment, I can-
not recall one that had more patience, one who seemed to realty
enjoy having patience, so much as that one. He never once got
tired waiting. Several times during the afternoon we thought he
was asleep, but he wasn't asleep at all: No, he was just a good
patient watchdog, with pressing business to attend to, and never
once neglected his duty for a minute during the hours he spent
with us. We will furnish him with a "character" to this effect
should his master ever come. for one. We may furnish his master
with other things, but that's not in this story.
Our landlady said that evening, that next time we were so late
to tea that we could just go to the restaurant. We explained that

Rube and the Colonel go to the Fair.

281

we had' been to the restaurants, but that they were all closed. And
to think, too, we had to eat those tomatoes without salt.
a How did 'lC!e get away?1J
Oh, yes; I must tell you. It's the best part of the storv, at
any rate the part we most enjoyed. \Vell, long about - o'clock
p.m., we saw the whole police force of Ottawa East coming along,
under full sail, our way. It was out on dress parade, or else look-
ing for something to arrest. It does so like to arrest things that
it even goes out after dark looking for them. It is such' a fearless
body! Just as it reached our tree, it saw the dog, and stopped-
stopped short, did that whole police force of Ottawa East. "Ha,
ha," i
said, as it saw that moon-bathed dog, " ha, ha, oud widoud
yer ml1ssle! Ve dinks ve viII arrest yu, und led yu to dur bound,
vunce quvick!" It stopped, as if in a deep study, how best to
make its" arresd." The Colonel saw its quandary, and called
down in a sepulchral tone: " Surround him, Charlie! Surround
him!" It started to say "Ha, ha" again, but that patient dog
started first, at the same time beginning to rise up. Now, while
that dog was French by birth, he must have been English by ac-
cent, for in his "Ra, ha!" he dropped both hs and ran the aas to-
gether, with a peculiar nasal accent all his own, and the combin-
ation was too much for the" force." It started full speed out
into the" somewhere," with the dog a good second. "I reckon,"
said the Colonel, as we got down out of the tree to watch the
race, "I reckon Charlie 'clinks' he is leading our dog- to the
ponnd to arresd him for not wearing his muzzle." We never
learned which got there first, as we were too much occupied in
reaching a point in the opposite direction. And that's how we got
away from that tree in Ottawa East.

CENTRAL CANADA EXHIBITION.

Thev had a " Fair" in Ottawa while we were there. It was
the regti'lar old-fashioned "Fair," with its fine horses, cattl
,
hogs, sheep, hens and rain; it's" hit-the-nigger-and-gct-a-cigar "
fair; red lemonade, peanuts, and-well, they had them all-and a
number of other things thrown in to give you the full value for
your money; but with them all they didn't call it a Fair. It was
an "Exhibition."
"Fairs," said I, have been relegated, with the " Jays" and
" J ayesses " who used to attend them."
"Rube," asked the Colonel, "don't you feel lonesome?" I
didn't reply, I could see no reason for his query.
" Colonel," said I, "had you asked that question at the last
Fair-Exhibition-I went to in Canada. I should have said' ye<;.'
Did I ever tell you about it? No? Well, I was in a town one

282

Ottawa, The Hub.

day where was being held one of these exhibitions. I was alone,
and whenever I am alone, I want to talk to someone around. That
day I had to soliloquize, I tried to talk to everybody in sight, but
no one could even tell me if the weather was good or bad, or If
the crops needed rain; no, they all shrugged their shoulders, and
referred me, with outstretched arms, to 'Sapon.' I hunted the
grounds over for Mr. ' Sapon,' or any of his family, but none of
them were there that day, and I wandered on among the big
pumpkins, cabbages and beets, and felt lonesome. I did see a
man who looked like he might be able to hold up one end of a con-
versation, and boldly asked: ' Can you talk?' "
" Yes, you-why do you ask?" he replied. discourteously.
., Just wanted to see if you could, that's all!" I wasn't
going to talk with him; he was so rude, and said emphatic things
too emphatically.
" Well, I finally went over to the poultry department, to get
back my spirits and break up that lonesome feeling. I tell you,
Colonel, I felt at home among those chickens."
" \iVhat! At home amongst chickens! How's that?"
"Of course, and why not? They were the only things on
the ground that I could understand. They cackled their lays and
crowed their crows in most excellent English! \'Vhat was it,
Colonel, you were saying about the Jays?"
No (( ] a)'s" at the Fair.
Speaking of "Jays" and "Jayesses," if the funny magazine
man had to depend for his pictures upon an Ottawa Fair for sub-
jects, he would have to go out of business the first season. This
is no jolly, but a fact. The people, even from the backwoods
country, were well dressed, and appeared at their ease amongst
city folk. I made special enquiry as to the why, and was told that
dress and education have become so general that the remotest
corner of the country has good schools, and the people well
dressed. They even claim that the Province of Ontario has as
fine a school system as there is in the world, and teachers, too, who
are educated to teach; and while they receive better nav than 111
the Province of Quebec, they do not receive pay enough, and the
supply is falling away, the bright young Canadian girls seeking
positions in other channels.

(( Made in Canada."
vVherever we went, in any part of the grounds, from en-
trance to exit, we were met with the placard: " 1Iade in Canada."
There were more things at that Exhibition than I had once
thought were made in all Canada.
I wished that you people at home and in Europe who imagine
that Canada is an icy wilderness, could have been here to see

Rube Buys a l'vlicroscope.

28 3

everything, from beautiful oil-paintings down, or up to, a plough,
made right here in this land of natural beauty and manufa
tured
necessities. vVhy, bless you, the Colonel and I are commg to
think of it as the "wonderland" we used to read about. I may
some day write you a story: .. Rube in \V on?erland." I.t w
)Uld
beat " Alice" herself-if the land had anythmg to do wIth It.
" Rube, come on; this is not that other Fair. You don't' need
to stand round and soliloquize, or listen to the ., lays" of the
birds."
Rube Buys a Microscope.
" No, nor am I a . Rube-corne-on,' even though that microscope
man in the main building did, yesterday, sell me that valuable
glass which made a living, moving ocean out of a drop of water,
as long as he was there, and through which I couldn't have seen
a cow when I got to the boarding house. Queer how things
change after you buy them!"
" Yes, I saw him change that glass as soon as he got your
money, but I thought it a good lesson to you, so did not speak cf
it at the time. Was it " Jays" you were soIiIoquizing about, and
saying there were none on the ground?" I only looked at him,
as we reached the main building, where we stopped to see the
prettiest exhibit on the ground, just to the right of the entrance.
I twas
Shurly and Dietrich's Sawso
" Rube, these are none of your old saws/' as we stood in frot1Ì
of the beautiful display.
" I suppose, Colonel, you consider that a cutting remark, but
it's a long Distons from being so."
"No," said the handsome young man from Galt, who only
heard part of my remark, " these are not Diston's; we beat Distol1
himself at the vVorld's Fair in Chicago, and can beat the world-
and " :Made in Canada " too, made in the J\lanchester of Canada,
Galt."
" Where's Galt?"
U Where's Galt! \Vhere are you from, anyhow, not to know
the most famous town in Canada! Why, it's 57 miles west of
Toronto, on the Canadian Pacific. Oh, I see; you are Yankees,
ain't you? Well, you are excusable; the smoke of your Pitts-
burgs has been, up to now, clouding our smokestacks, but weore
building them so high that we'll make you see them before long."
As he promised to send us a picture of his display of saws, of
every conceivable style, from one of a few inches to a "band" of
50 feet long, we forgave him for his boast over us. He even
showed us one he called the "l\laple Leaf Greyhound," which
cut through a two foot hardwood block in 28 seconds,' when I saw
that I could not but sigh for the wasted hours I had spent "riding"
the old fashioned variety down on the Ohio farm, where I worked

2 8 4

Ottmva, The Hub.

for three a dav. "Three what?" asks the Colonel. " l\:leaìs,
what do you S
tppose!" And even then the farmer said he lost
money. Now, he never would have said that if S. and D. had
Í11Yented the "lVlaple Leaf" earlier in life.
Both Shurly and Dietrich were once with the Diston's, in
Philadelphia, where they learned all they could, and then came to
Canada to improve on that old firm's mode of business. They
must have come near doing so, as vide Chicago Fair.
Nearly everywhere the Colonel and I go about the country,
we see on the fences
U Karn is King."
We had often wondered who Karn was, and why he was
" King" -we found out at the Fair. 'VVhen we stood round Ùle
Karn section, and listened to the pianos and organs, from reed to
pipe, we could then hear why " Karn is King."
" Where are these made in Canada?" we asked of the stylish
attendant.
" At Woodstock."
" 'VVhere's Woodstock?" Say, I wish I had that young man's
photograph, taken at that moment. Both look and pose would
have made a picture for the family album, to be shown later on
with: " This is my cousin, taken one day in 0 ttawa when shocked
by two ignorant Yankees-you jist otter hear him plav the pianner
tho." He finally came to, and told' us that it was on the Canadian
Pacific, 88 miles west of Toronto.
Canada has so many lakes and rivers that in no part of the
world is boating and canoeing so popular. And in no part of the
world are the boat and canoe builders so proficient as up here.
Even knowing this, we had no conception of the extent to which
the business is carried until we went round to the Peterborough
Canoe Company's exhibit, and talked with the one in charge. So
familiar are this company's canoes that the very town itself has,
through them, become known over the world-and especially so
to the hunters and fishers who come to Canada. A Peterborough
boat or canoe is like a watch labelled " Waltham," it don't need
any other commendation. .
We next went over and watched little Miss Deitz, a graduate
of the
1etropolitan, run off 100 words a minute on a typewriter,
without looking at the keys, which for that matter were coverèd
over. She was writing a very" touching" little story about how
this machine is beating all others.
The Oliver Typewriter-Oliver Born in Canada.
And speaking 'Of "Made in Canada," and typewriters, the
manufacture of the famous Oliver is becoming a great industry
in this country, and just here I will say that all over Canada new
factories are starting up, not only to manfacture the inventions

it Made in Canada."

28 5

of the Canadians themselves (and there are up here some world-
famed inventors-vide Bell, of the telephone, and Edison's parents
were Nova Scotians), but the excellent things of other countries
are now being made here. The Linotype, on which these words
will be set, is now made in Canada. A large company went to
the States to look over the typewriters, and chose the Oliver as
the best in the field. And by the way, Oliver himself is a Canadi;ln
from VV oodstock.
Some of our great agricultural implement manufacturers are
establishing immense plants in Canada. As we wandered around
the grounds of this great Exposition, it was hard to believe that
we were not looking over that in one of our own great cities.
The foregoing are but a few of the hundreds of exhibits.
I give them but as illustrations of what is " l\Iade in Canada."
An Old Page Turns V t.
On the way over to lVlachinery Hall, I was carried, in mind,
back to the old Ohio farm, by seeing the placard, the Page Wire
Fence Company. "Oh," said I, "Colonel, here's something at
last not made in Canada;" they had to send to us for the 'Page.'
with which the old farm is fenced-and I don't blame them, for
they can't beat it." But when 'vV. E. Fairbairn handed me h1s
card, bless you, there it was on one corner, "IvLI.C." " What,"
said I, " this too?" Fairbairn being a member of my family--of
readers-saw the point, and replied: " Yes, Rube, this too. The
demand for the best fence in the world was so great up here, that
we had to build a factory over in vValkerville, Ont., where fences
and other things strong are made. Have one?"
"Well, I don't care if I do!" said the Colond, a little off his
guard for the moment, and thinking that Fairbairn meant another
stron_
\Valkerville article. But he didn't mean that at all, no,
he meant" Have a booklet," with which the Colonel was already
loaded. From this particular booklet I learned that the Page is
strung from Cape Breton to Vancouver. Well, no wonder it's
a " M. I. C."

Rube Finds Something Superior from Home.
As we leisurely strolled through :Machinery Hall, looking at
patent churns and things, and talking at the upper end of our
voices to be heard above the din of canines in the .. Dog Show"
in the next room, my eye caught" Superior." And again I went
back to the old home, for that name is so attached to Springfield,
Ohio, that I never see it without sending a wireless telegram. The
message may not be received, as the one going away often holds
the only working end o'f the" wireless." or if there be one at the
other end, it is seldom toned up to the receiving tension.
But there was" Superior," and soon there was I, looking at
the best drill-grain drill-in the world, for it was our own and

286

Ottawa, The Hub.

only. I exclaimed" 11. 1. 0." (l\lade in Ohio). I was so de-
lighted to see it that even the unhappy times I had to " drill" for
three meals per day seemed now very delightful days.
It isn't the dog, but the memories that" even a dog from
home" bring up. "Colonel, let's stop at ' Ohio,' " and we did-
stopped looking at the" M:. 1. C.'s," and went to the show part
of the Fair. I don't know how our fairs are now conducted, as
it has been years since I attended one, but they are different up
here. The racing is entirely separate, but then as a " continuous
performance," with fireworks at night, are provided, no one ob-
jt:-cts to the " extra for Grand Stand." It is a feature that if not
taken Ui' by the management at home, it should be, as it adds both
to the enjoyment of the people and to the balance sheet of the
association.
H on. W. C. Edwards' E.1:hibit of Cattle.
To this Central Canada Exhibition much is due for the im-
proved live stock seen all throughout the Ottawa Valley. As facts
count for more than assertions, it may be well to speak of actual
values of some of the live stock. Ron. \V. C. Edwards had a
large number of shorthorn cattle at this Exhibition, from his Pine
Grove Stock Farm, at Rockland, on the Ottawa. One cow alol1e
is valued at $6,000: 11issie, 153. Rer full brother, l\larquis of
Benda, is equally, or more valuable. Rer yearling heifer calf at
$2,000; present, bull calf at same price.
Ron. 11r. Edwards' herd of 175 animals are all high graùe
in character and breeding. It is the best herd in this country, and
equalled but by three others in the world. This is a fact worth
making a note of by those who don't know of this wonderland.
The New York Judge at the Dog Show.
\Ve were about to leave that part of the grounds, when we
chanced to pass the dog show building.
" Listen, Colonel," said I, stopping, " what is the awful com-
motion inside?"
"Let's go in and see" said he, and we threw two dimes
" to the dogs," and went in. \Ve hadn't got more than through
the outer show room when we saw a poor innocent looking man
cornered up trying his utmost to talk to ci room full of jesticulating
women, who were talking in the same register, and all talking at
the same time. Poor man, I wondered what he had done. I was
sure' he was a pickpocket or had tried to slay scme one. Finally
I could catch an occasional sentence, and then I learned the why of
the riot.
" What do vou know about dogs, anyhow? ,. said the Amazon
with a Prince Charles.
"You come here from Xew York to judge dogs when you
don't know a bull pup from a 11antle China! "

The Colonel and the Baby Show.

28 7

The maTI tried to say something, but I could only catch a
few of his words, such as "more-racket" -"bull"-"china"-
"shop !". I could not see the meaning of his stray words.
A woman next me was saying to a real pretty little thing,
but without any "points :" "Yes ittle one we'll do straight home
-that awful New York animal says that ugly cur inside is bet-
ter than 00. He don't know anything "-then she kissed the
"ittle one."
"Come on Rube, it's nothing. I see it all. The imported
Judge has simply given a lot of wrong decisions, that's all! He
will never dare to come here again."
"How do you know he has given wrong decisions? "
" How do I know? \Yhy man, are you stone deaf? Can't
you hear the women telling him that he has? "

Why the Colonel Left Home.
On the way back from the Fair the Colonel got confidential
and said, " Rube, did I ever tell you why I left my native city?
No? Well, the judge's experience at the show brought it vividly
back to my mind. I was at one time called the most popular man
in my town. Now understand, Rube, I'm not boasting, I'm simply
telling you what they called me during my most popular days.
I dare not think of what they called me later on, but at the time
I'm telling you of, I could have had the town if I had asked for
it. I could get any office I wanted, all the money from the bank
I needed, nothing went on but I was atthe head or close by, help-
ing run it. In short they gave me to understand that I was "I t/'
and for a time I believed them. Well, some idiot in town had a
haby, which he was sure was without the remotest doubt the pret-
tiest, the cunningest, the sweetest
the plumpest, the fairest, the all
roundest baby that ever happened in all Ohio, and this idiot was
its father and it was his first and only. He proposed

A Baby Show,
and as the town and country were full of other idiots, and every
one with the same hallucination, his proposition was received
with general approbation, and the show was held. Babies poured
in from every nook and corner of the town and country, fat babic3,
lEan babies, tall babies, stout babies, red headed, white, red, and
eyen black babies were cuddled, truddled into town for that show.
It was on Thursday of the County Fair. You never saw such
a crowd before or since in that town!
" All was in readiness when the question arose: "\Vho will
be the Judge? " If I had ever doubted my popularity before, all
doubt was thrown to the wind when almost in one voice the fond
parents called out "Colonel Horatius I-Colonel Horatius!"
Say. Rube, I felt for a few moments that: "This is the happiest

288

Ottawa J The Hub.

period of my life." It did prove to be a " period," but the short-
est--and has extended the longest of my life. I consented and
judged that baby show. I picked out a real genuine little
beauty from the remote part of the County, but every other idiot
on that ground, with a baby, set up such an ado, and called me
so many odd names that before night I wondered who I was any-
how. Well, that was the end of my popular dreams in that
County. I could not have been elected after that for pound keeper,
and could not have borrowed a thing but trouble, and of that I had
more already than I needed. I finally left town and have be
n
back but once since. Take my advice, Rube, if evt-r you get to
thinking you are I t J remember my experience and refuse all offers
of a Judgeship at a baby show." And the Colonel actually sighed
in remembrance.
W o1l1dn J t Take the Tickets.
Before the Fair was over the Colonel agreed to not mention
my purchase of the microscope-and this is why. One afternoon
there was a great rush for the Grand Stand as a special attraction
wa5 "on." No one could get near the ticket office but those who
were there already and they couldn't get away. "Tickets"-
"Tickets," called out a man standing near the entrance. "Here
give me two and be quick about it! " said the Colonel, and inside
of a minute we were inside of the vortex, being pushed along to
the ticket taker. "Here you there-come back, this is no board-
ing tent!" And then he held up the two tickets the Colonel had
gone and purchased for a " hot dinner." As we fought our way
out everybody stopped long enough to laugh. I would not 50
much have minded it, but the Colonel, when asked,. by a news-
paper man, said he was from Hull. I didn't like it a bit as I am
very partial to Hull. \Vhen finally we got our tickets and seats,
and sort 0' "between the acts," whom should we see near us, en-
joying it all to the full, but the Old Citizen's brother, with his
brother's information distributor in good working order.
The Old Citizen J s Brother.
" I was just a thinkin of the furst 'Ex.' the Dumminyun ever
held in Ottawer," he began. " It was, by the way, the furst
ever held in Canada, that is the furst by the Dumminyun, or as
I'm tryin to tell ye the furst Dumminyun Exhibishion, and-"
"Yes, yes, go on, we understand. 'The show will be over before
you get started if you don't. Look, Colonel, there's another
balloon with two parachutes going l'p. N ext year the whole family
and the dog will have parachutes. Anything for excitement!
Oh, beg pardon"-to the O. C.'s brother-"you were about to tell
us of
The First Dominion Exhibition J
you said, I believe, or started to say, that it was held here in
Ottawa? "

The First Dominion Exhibition.

28 9

ttYes, in the fall of 1879, in Septembur. I remernbcr it well,
my thurd darter wus born that yere. She's married now, an
livin in l\Ianitober-I tell yer l\Ianitober's the country! "
tt Let's have the Exhibition first," broke in the Colonel, "and
then you may give us the daughter, l\lanitoba and the whole
Northwest, if there's any time left."
" \;V ell, it wus under the osspices of the Agriculture and Arts
Assosighashun. It's President was Sam \;Vilmit, an it's Secker-
tary was John R. Craig-John's now out in l\leadow Crick, Al-
berta. He's got the gratest cattle ranch out thare-what du ye
think John's got the ranch fenced with. Eh?"
" The Page wire?" asked the Colonel, who is "stuck" on the
Page, or would be if it had barbs.
" Naw-bettern that! "
" What then? " again asked the Colonel.
tt vVhy, John's gone and had a mountain strung almost clean
round hes ranch to keep the wind out an the cattle in. It comes
high but it's a grate fence! " and then he stopped so long to laugh
at his little joke, that he nearly forgot the First Dominion Ex-
hibition. \:Ve gave up trying to hold him to his subject, and just
let him wander all over the Dominion, stopping in every Pro-
vince and Territory, and giving- us a lot of really valuable infor-
mation about them all, but in the usual disconnected form. We
cul1ed, however, some interesting data on the first "Ex."
C. H. l\lclntosh was the Mayor-l\layor for '79, 'So and '81.
The "Fair" was opened by His Excellency the Marquis of Lorne,
and Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise.
Some of the cattle exhibitors were, the \;V atts, J. & W., of
Salem, John Snell and Sons, of Edmonton, F. W. Stone, of
Guelph, and to our surprise he told us that \;V. C. Edwards was
an exhibitor. \;V e had thought the Senator too young to be a fair
exhibitor a quarter of a century ago. Then there was Thos,
Clarke, of Nepean, and to show the nice calves in that day, he
said that Hon. George Brown, of Bow Park, had his $I2,000
yearling there.
"Estimated value?" I asked.
"Naw, Brown paid $I2,000 for it!"
" It's a wonder they let him out long enough to show his calf,"
said the Colonel.
" Out of what ?" asked the old man.
"\\Thy, out of the asylum, of course! "
" If yud seen that calf an his pedagog that reached back ten
generashuns to Duke something, yud not chaff at the r,rice! " and
he seemed injured that the Colonel should think the Hon. Brown
crazy for paying so much money in that day of cheap cattle.

29 0

Ottawa, The Hub.

Princess Louise presented the medals to the exhibitors after
the Fair, at a banquet held to spend some of the profits
f the
show. At that banquet were many whose names were great then
and others who have since had titles added to their names. Here
a
e some of those present: Sir John A. and Lady 1Iacdonaìd,
Su . Charles Tupper, Hon. D. Christie, (Sir) 1\Iackenzie Bowell,
l\la]or and 1\lrs. De \Vinto
, Dr. (Sir) James A. Grant, :\lr. (Sir)
Ad
lph Caron, Alonzo \Vnght, Hon
James Skead, J. W. Currier,
l\iaJ?r l\1cIn
osh, A. S. \Voodburn, John R. Craig, Ira :Morgan,
PresIdent vV tlmot and many others.

RUBE BUYS A PUP.

Speaking of dog shows and things, I am reminded of one of
my Ottawa investments.
It was on a Bank Street car. It was evening, the little girl
,,,-ith the basket looked very sad. That she was in trouble I wa')
certain. vVhen little girls an
in trouble I too am sad. I watchèd
her face. I t was not a pretty face, but a wan pinched face-
pinched by poverty. What was in the basket, that she gave it so
much attention? Ah, it moves! IYJzat? Yes, it's a pup. Poor
child, thought I, she is taking her one little pet away to sell it to
buy bread, possibly to relieve the hunger of brothers and sisters
at home. It must not be, she must not sell the dear little thing-
her play fellow ! No, I will prevent it. "\v-hat have you in lhe
basket? " I asked, even though I already knew.
"It's a pup," she said timidly.
" \Vhere are you taking it? " I asked in a gentle tone.
" I'm taking it to a man who wants to buy it," and her voice
trembled. I knew it, I knew it, she has been sent to sell her one
pet, and oh, how lonely will she be without it. No, I will prevent
it. I'll buy the pup and then give it back to her-and make her
oh so happy. I do love to make children happy! "How much
do you ask for the little thing? " said I, soft like-really "softer"
eyen than I thought.
"l\ly ma said I must ask a dollar and a half, but to take
thirty cents rather than to bring it home." I looked at it. It
wasn't cheap in so full a market as Ottawa, but what matter, the
money would buy bread and relieve hunger mayhap. I would buy
it and then return it to her, and bring back the smiles to her sad
little face. I was fairly bubbling with joy as I paid her full price.
Ah, just as I thought, she smiled! She was almost pretty at th
t
moment-but she smiled too soon. I only expected to see the
smile on the return of her pet-why, she even laughed-and that
too before I had had time to return her little playfellow. Ah, I
know why she seemed so cheerful-she thought of the bread my

The Colonel Hears S01nething about Canadian Girls. 291

money would buy-and possibly a bit of cake for the little ones
at home. I would not return it at once, I would reserve the plea-
sure for a few blocks-that is I thought I would reserve the plea-
sure, but just then she got up as though to leave the car, so I had
to act quickly. "Here, take back yonr pet-I don't want it-you
may keep the money too," and everybody looked his and her com-
mendation.
"Oh, Oh I'll get licked if I bring it home!" she said, scared
like.
" Why so," I asked in surprise, and the car full looked surpris-
ed too.
"Oh, cause we've got fourteen more just like it, and they're
eating their blamed heads off." And as she went away with my
dollar and a half she was smiling, and so was everybody else in
the car.
P.S.-If you should hear of anyone wanting a well bread pup
send him around, I'll pay full commission, to anyone who will
sell 'the dear little thing" for mc. I find now that I bought
at the wrong time-every family in town has a full supply, and
the number is growing even faster than the population.

THE COLONEL AND RUBE GO '1'0 PARLIAMENT,

not by votes, but by inclination. You see, everybody was talking
about a great speech that was to be delivered. It had been talked
about for days. "What will he say? What can he say?" were
questions heard on all sides. His opponents said, "He can say
nothing to the point," while his friends were confident that he could
say a whole lot, and everything to the point.
The Colonel and I went to hear it, as 'twas the proper thing to
do. Everybody else had gone before, and no place was left us
but a little standing room against the wall. The speech was so
good, however, that we did not mind the inconvenience. "\tVe were
well repaid. \Ve knew not the merits of the case. 'Tis not for
us to study the" why" of Canadian politics, but we did enjoy the
manner of the speaker's delivery,

The Colonel hears something abou.t Canadian Girls.
The great room was packed. There were those from many
parts of the Dominion, and a most excellent opportunity it was for
studying the different faces of the people. The Colonel, always
interested in the ladies, frequently asked of the citizen with us:
"\Vho is the lady?" indicating by various ways to designate the
particular one meant.
" She is from 'Toronto' or '\Vinnipeg,' &c., as the case
might be.

29 2

Ottawa, The Hub.

" Who is the haughty one who seems to think only of self?"
" She is from , and is very rich."
" Old or recent?"
"Recent," says the citizen, "recent; the 'old' know better
how not to display it."
" \"ho is that one whose repartee seems so to animate those
of her party?" asked the Colonel, indicating a very bright-faced
blonde near where we stood.
" She is from Toronto, and is said to be very clever," said
the citizen.
" \Vho is that sweet-faced lady on the far side of the gallery?"
" The one with the tall brunette? She is from Nova Scotia.
Of course, you know the Nova Scotia ladies, like the men, are re-
markable for their briliiance. \
/hat? Oh, no; everybody seems
to think that, but it is not by any means the case. Of course, they
have much fish, but they'd be more brilliant on vegetables than
some people on whale, and what I say refers to all the Lower Pro-
vinces." The Colonel declared afterward that when the citizen
said this about" whale diet" that he looked and winked a very
peculiar wink in my direction. He need not have done that; I
knew that what he was saying was true, and he need not have look-
ed at me for corroboration. No, some people "don't know
nawthin' " and couldn't learn, even on a whole school of whales.
" Is there a delegation from Old Quebec to-day?"
" "'.hy do you ask?" queried the citizen.
"Well, look in all directions, and we can see so many pretty,
bright-faced ladies that I can't think of any town outside of Que-
bec that could produce them, and I thought that Quebec must have
a delegation over to-day to hear the speech."
"Why, Colonel, you must have been going about Ottawa
with your eyes shut. Quebec could not find å delegation to equal
the girls of Ottawa; for proof of this, look about you," and the
Colonel did, and smiled a very pleased smile. .
And so ran 011 the Colonel with his questions and the citizen
with his replies.
All this after the great speech, and sort 0' between" the rt-
marks that followed by other members. Yes, that speech was a
masterpiece. It was one of many good ones we heard while in
Ottawa. The Dominion has many men of ability, and has sent a
number of them to Ottawa. If a criticism were to be made on the
House, it would be that the repartee is seldom witty, as in the
old daysl of which we are told, and too often is it of an order that
reflects little credit on the members dealing in it. It is frequent-
ly no higher than: " You're another." This, of course, only refers
to those members who are here bv reason of influence in their
little localities, and not because thé country at large would have
selected them.

Rube's First Circus.

293

RUBE AND THE COLONEL GO TO THE CIRCUS.

"Rube did you get 'em?" asked the Colonel, that day I
went to the Orphan Asylum to borrow a few orphans to take
to see the animals.
" No, a whole house full and no one to loan a single kid! "
said I. "\IVe had made it up to take out some of the little Ul1S, feed
'em on peanuts, candy, popcorn, and red lemonade, and watch
'em have fun at their first circus, but it was a failure. The auth-
ority is so divided up that nothing short of a board meeting
could grant our request, so we compromised by having Reynolds
pick out some of Ottawa's typical newsies. If the boys he sent
were typical, then Ottawa newsies are" ded uns" for a fact,
There was nothing new to them. They'd seen 'em all and knew
every animal by sight, while every act was old to them, in short,
though young, they were blasé and we were disappointed.
"Colonel," said I, when we got back, "boys ain't boys any
more, they begin seeing things so young that they're men in
knickerbockers. Oh, how different in our day! The nearest ap-
proach to a circus we saw were the flaming posters, telling of
wonders that made our imagination almost too large for us to
hold. Father was agin the circus, so we had to content us with
posters and processions until we were thirteen or fourteen.
" I must teIt you Colonel about

Rube's First Circus.
11y first circus-and how we got home from it. "\IVe boys had
saved up all spring, and for a whole month before it was billed
for, we had worked early and late in the hope that father would
r
lent and let us go, but 'twas no use, for, as I said, he was agin
CIrcuses.
"It was seven miles away, but we boys had it all planned
to "run off." " Jack" Harney, the hired boy, had somehow
become possessed of an old and very delapidated horse, " Nuff "
Weaver hired a big, heavy spring wagon of a neighbor, and
Brother Frank and I were to pay for the tickets as our share.
"We set out with Jack's seven-mile nag, and "-
" Why , seven-mile nag' Rube?" asked the Colonel.
" Don't spoil the story, Colonel. You'll see in due time.
"The way old Rosenante flew, with his stub tail high in the
air, was a caution! We r{'ached Springfield in time to visit the pic-
tures on the outside of all the wonderful side shows, and deeply re-
gret that we hadn't the price to see inside. that we might look
upon the fat lady, the skeleton man, the sword swallower, the
great snakes, and watch the glassblower spin ships out of glas'5.

294

Ottawa, The Hub.

Later in life we learned that very often the best part of more
than a side show is on the outside canvas, and knew then how
little we had missed in not having the price.
" But now for the show itself! The marvellous aggregation
of which we had dreamed for years! That one-ring circus was
more wonderful than any five-ring show we have ever since looked
upon! I never saw tumblers tumble equal to those marvellous
acrobats, or riders ride as those men who jumped through paper-
covered hoops. Oh, how we did enjoy it! Then, that fierce
N umidian lion, which we were certain would eat the daring man,
who took his life in one hand and a club in the other, as he enter-
ed the cage! Oh, how we trembled for that brave lion tamer!
\Ve did not then know the age of the animal, or that his meat
had to be H ambergered for him, else we had not trembled.
"The Clowns were far funnier even than Dave Stoner at his
best.
" Oh, the joy of it all! The tinsel of the actors to us was real
gold; the man and woman on the trapeze seemed to be winged
birds, flying through the air at the dizzy height of fifteen feet; the
chariot races at the end we have never seen equalled. AIl-every-
thing in that one-ring circus \;-2.S nothing short of marvellous!
" It came to an end all too soon, even though it was nearly
midnight before it closed!
" And now for home. Jack's old grey gave out before
we had gotten three miles. We coaxed, pushed on the lines, and
finally beat him, but all to no purpose. He would not or coald
not pull us a foot further, and we had to unhitch and" play horse"
ourselves with that big spring wagon. " Nuff" was a cripple,
and could not even walk, much less help pull or push, so we had
to let him ride, as we slowly moved along. The only easy part
was the going down hill, but that was more than taken off by
the pull up to the top. Hundreds of times have I gone over that
road since, but those hills never seemed so near mountains as they
did that night, or rather that morning, as we did not reach the
farm until near breakfast."
"Did you get "thrashed" for running off?" asked the
Colonel.
"
o
father said he concluded we had been punished enough,
and I have never doubted his conclusion. But even had he
thrashed us soundly, that show was worth it, heavy wagon and
all."
H ow the Colonel Watered the Eleþhant.
" You were more fortunate than I," said the Colonel, as he
bit off the end o
a fresh cigar.
" How's that?" I asked.
" You had the price and I didn't!"

How the Colonel rVatered the Elephant. 295

I could tell by the way the Colonel eyed his Havana that ht:
had in mind his first circus, so I asked: "Tell us about it!"
" Well," he began, reminiscently, "I lived in a town hardly
big enough for a show, but when I was about fourteen, one came
along. For weeks it was the only subject talked of at the corner
grocery store and the blacksmith shop. Early and late you might
hear about Dan Rice and his great aggregation of clowns, bare-
back riders, and Jingo the elephant. Toward the last the greet-
ing, when the neighbors would meet, was not a 'how-dy,' or a
'fine day this.' No, cordiality, and even the weather, were for-
gotten, in that one important question: 'Goin' ter see the ele-
phant!' I little thought how S0011 I was to become intimately
acquainted with that same elephant Jingo.
"The day came at last. People for miles drove in with the
whole family to see the show, even the preacher took the children
to see Jingo. As I said, I hadn't the price. I had run off from
school the day before to visit the show grounds-nothing to see,
but even the place had a fascination which I could not resist. For
this truancy I was to be punished by seeing the rest of the family
pass in, while I stood outside and gazed with longing eyes at th6.
wonders painted upon the canvas, wonders, as you know, whicl:
will never leave the mind. That I might at least get the full bene-
fit of these wonderful' oil paintings,' I was on the grounds early.
'" I hadn't been there but a few minutes when a big man said
to me, pleasant like: ' Say, boy, do you want to see the show?'
vVhat good fortune was coming my way, anyhow! I could hardly
believe my own ears, but ventured a timid' Yesser !' , Well, take
this bucket and bring pore Jingo a drink. He has been travelling
all night, and he is a little thirsty.' By this time I had the bucket,
and hardly waited for the nice big man to tell me how thirsty pore
Jingo was.
" I knew a well nearly a quarter of a mile away, anù as I ran,
I said to myself: 'Easy? \Vell rather! Horatius, you're in luck!'
\Vhen I got back to the tent, the nice man said, as he set the bucket
before' pore Jingo': 'You're a good runner, my boy!' while
Jingo said 'Soop,' and the bucket was empty. 'Get another,'
said the nice man, 'and you shall see the greatest aggregation on
earth!' I got another, and Jingo said ' soop 'again. And by the
time I had carried twenty buckets, and nearly pumped that well
dry, he had acquired the' soop' habit, and kept it up, seemingly
growing more thirsty as my trips to the well grew longer, as I
was becoming very tired. I shall never know how long it would
have taken to fill that inland lake, as just before I had becom
ex-
hausted, and ready to strike my job, Jingo was wanted in the
ring. The big man picked me up in his arms as though I were
a mere baby, and together we entered the tent. It is hard to tell
which attracted more attention, Jingo or I, for as he came in at

29 6

Ottawa, The Hub.

one side, the big man and I came in at the other. He carried me

ight past where our family sat in the cheap seats, and placed me
m the very best part of the tent, next to the big 'Squire, in a kind
of a box, with flags hanging all around the railing.
" Oh, how I did enjoy that show! And yet, as I look back to
that long ago, it is hard to tell which I enjoyed more, the show,
or seeing the envious eyes of our family and my school fellows,
as they looked upon the box with the flag-covered railing."

SHE SURVIVED.

"Rube," asked the Colonel, one day, as we sat on the hill
overlooking the beautiful Kingsmere. "Are you going to pLay
'good angel,' and present to all the book makers a copy each of
this Ottawa book, as YOui did the book makers of ,Montreal? "
" No, Colonel. K 0, it would not be safe. I t would be too
great a risk."
" I don't follow you, Rube, Vv hat do you mean by 'risk?' .,
" vVell, you see, I was then, to some extent, a novice. I had
no conception of the number of people it took to make a book, so
I promised each one a copy who in any way worked on it. It was
printed at a large plant, and not only everyone in that plant, but
some of their relations were run in. Everyone had taken a very
prominent part in the making of that book. \Yhy, before I was
through with the matter I felt that I had not even been a small
factor in it's making. I had only written it, the others (even the
elevator boy who had brought the paper up from the basement
had his claims) were the principals. I carried out my promise to
the letter. They all got their copy."
" And yet I don't see the 'risk.' You're so easy to work} that
you must have really enjoyed giving those books away."
"Oh yes, Colonel, it was fun to watch that first edition melt
away, but I was 'new' then and did think that some one of
them might have told me if they liked the book, but none of them
did. No, not one even mentioned it. A week later I asked
Susie, one of the 'feeders'-the pretty soprano, with the glasses-
'How did you like my book?' said 1. 'Oh I Sllr'llived,' said she,
with a drawl, in the Key of G. upper register, as she walked on
without comment. Now, Colonel, you see why I said, 'It 'would
be too great a risk.' SUf)1)ose for one moment that 'Susie' had Hot
survived! It's awful to contemplate! Never again will I put
a whole printing plant in such a perilous situation."

The La.st Tattoo.

297

FOUR SCORE AND TEN,

He had reached that age when each added year is reason of
pride, so I did not hesitate to ask: ., How old are you?" It was
on the Sappers' Bridge; the sun, like the old man, was reaching
its last stage. It was throwing long shadows across the little park
where I had been attcl1zpting a picture. ., How old am I?" re-
peating my question, " I am ninety;' he continued, and by asking
and by repeating, I found that he was born in 1813, in Gloucester,
England. He had been a soldier and a sailor. He fired the first
gun in the salute on a warship, in London, in honor of Queen Vic-
toria's coronation in 1837. Out of sentiment for the long ago, the
military had him fire the first gun in the salute, in Ottawa, in honor
of the coronation of the late Queen's illustrious son, King Edward.
He was in the first Kaffir war in 1843, and in India's wars in 18 45.
He first came to Ottawa in 1851. At the opening of the Crim
a,
his soldier heart again longed for the battlefield, but he reached
England too late for duty, and returned to Canada. He is now
waiting for the last tattoo. He has been twice married, and has
been the father of eleven children, but wives and children are now
all gone, and John W. Clifford is again alone.

*

*

*

*

*

The" last tattoo" sounded to-day-July 15th, 1904. I used
often to wonder why I never met the old man any more, as not long
after the meeting on the bridge, I would miss him for weeks at a
time, and each time he was more frail-his steps were growing
feebler. I would try to engage him in conversation, but his
memory was fast going. Then I missed him entirely, and knew
not his whereabouts until I heard of his death in the Old :l\Ien's
Home, where he had been taken and kindly cared for until the
cne!. A pauper's grave would have been his last resting place
-as he had no relatives, and had outlived all his old-time friends
-had it not been for some of the militarv officers, who are ev!
r
keeping watch over the soldiers of long ago. These officers gave
him kindly burial, Col. J. B. Donaldson, of the .Militia Head-
quarters, officiating at the funeral.
You who are far away have no conception of the real heart
kindness of the people of this beautiful city. The above is Imt
an instance.

29 8

Ottawa, The Hub.

THE LITTLE GIRL IN THE \iVHITE KIDS.
A Sketch.
She was possibly fourteen and delicately pretty. She was a
little working girl. This I knew, for it was very early. She car-
ried her dinner done up in a little parcel. The car was crowded,
rough workingmen occupied seats near her, and she would have
shrunk away from them, but she could not. Oh! how pathetic
the sight. She was not born to work, and had the instincts 0f a
lady, young as she was. Her every movement showed that she
felt her position. What intensified my sympathy was to see her
little hands encased in what were once white kid gloves-white Le-
fore they became black from age and long wear. She seemed :lOt
to think of their present shade, but of their former whiteness. She
stroked those gloves' daintily as she looked down at them, as much
as to say: "These are what make me different from other little
workinp" girls, I am not like them with their big rough hands, and
yet," with a sigh, " like them I have to work."
Not far away sat another girl of her own age, big, strong and
ruddy. No gloves encased her hands, and I did not feel sorry
for her, for she seemed glad on her way to work.
The two wilJ grow up, and may-hap both marry, marry each
in the same sphere, for, dainty or rugged, the working girl, unlike
the boy, has little hope of rising from her condition in life.
Aye, it was pathetic to see that delicately pretty little working
girl in the white kid gloves, that morning.

THE OTHER PICTURE.

That little girl was poor, this man is rich, very rich. I-Ie
once was poor, very poor, but as his riches grew the heart never
changed. It never grew hard with wealth, and he is the same
genial spirit as of old, with a kindly care for those less fortunate.
Years ago his little girls came in one day with: " Papa, we waJ1t
a carriage,"
" You may have it on one condition," said he.
t{ Oh, papa, what is it?"
"That you will never drive alone, but will always take out
other little girls who have no carriage."
The little girls got the carriage, and many a poor child was
made happy by the gift.
What a world this would be if there were more rich men like
this genial Ottawan.

Popularity. (l Canada Unsocial."

299

POPULARITY.

H Rube," said the Colonel, one day on Wellington Street,
"there in that sleigh is the most prominent man in all Ottawa,
and I will wager you that I can prove it."
" I'll take you, Colonel, for a 'V,''' said I, as proving is
harder than claiming.
"Done. Now, I'll prove it."
H How?"
H I'll ask him."
"The 'V' is yours, Colonel, I know the man." This was so
easy that the Colonel did not get over referring to it for two whole
days, when we saw the same man corning down Sparks Street
with another Ottawan. I thought of my lost" V," and said:
" Colonel," said I, " there are two men, one the most popular, the
other the most generally disliked in the city, and I can prove it."
" Another' V,' Rube?"
" Yes, for a ' V,' and prove it as readily as yon took mine the
other day."
" How?"
"Easy enough, ask the first citizen we meet. I'll take the
'V,' Colonel," and he gave it, for he knew the men.

"CANADA UNSOCIAL."

The Colonel has often intimated that Canada is unsocial. He
has even said, " It is cold," and brings to bear all the proof he can
find. His latest is about a young Englishman who carne over as
a secretary for some one of prominence. "He was," said the
Colonel, "an accomplished young man, and among his accom-
plishments, a fine singer. He joined a choir in Montreal. He
soon complained to another member, , I never saw such a cold lot
of people. Here I've been singing in this choir for a month, and
not a soul has spoken to me.' 'Why,' said the addressed member,
, that's nothing; I've been here for a year, and not one of the ladies
has spoken to me yet.' , Is that so! Well, no wonder there's
such a lot of old maids in the Montreal choirs. Canada is too
cold for me; I'm going back to England,' and he went. Now,
Rube, if an Englishman says Canada is ' cold,' even you, if honest,
would admit the fact."
" Yes, but Colonel," said I, "you mistake the 'correct' for
the ' unsocial.' These people think it is not ' correct' to be effus-
ively enthusiastic, and you mistake that for coldness."

3 00

Ottawa, The Hub.

" Again, ask a man on the street a simple question, the way to
a certain part of the city, and ten to one he will answer you over
his shoulder. He will not even stop long enough to answer it, or
if he does, it is in a ' by-what-right-Sir-do-you-speak-to-me-without
an-introduction?' tone of voice"
" I know now, Colonel, the kind of men you mean. They are
only 'cork tree' men, and we have lots of them at home."
"'Cork tree!' vVhat sort of a man is that? ,.
" Very light, and whose outside covering is the only part of
them of any worth."
.. Come now, Rube; you're begging the question! How
about the big man you called on who, you said, treated you so un-
civilly that you hurried away as soon as you could get out."
"\Vell, yes, Colonel; I did say he had not the manners of one
of our County Justices of the Peace, but he was the exception, and
should not be instanced as the rule." But the Colonel would not
give in; said he was used to people who were not all the while try-
ing to impress one with the fact that the" other fellow" was be-
neath notice. The Colonel takes the wrong view. I have gained
access to a few of the Canadian homes, and find, where once one
gets to know them, that they are very charming people, and what
the Colonel takes for" coldness" is simply reserve, which nothing
short of merit can penetrate. I t may be unfortunate, this "re-
serve," for one may not remain long enough to penetrate it, and
go away, and with the Colonel say: " Canada is socially cold."
" Well, Rube," persisted the Colonel, determined to make me
admit something, " you must agree with me that the churches are
cold, that there is no cordiality towards strangers, or toward each
other for that matter."
" Yes, Colonel, I must agree with you in that. But what dif-
ferent are they from our own churches ? You seem to forget,
Colonel, that church cordiality is entirely out of fashion in these
days of the 'proper.'
" Long prayers are offered up for the sinner to be brought in,
and finally when he is 'brought in,' he is not made welcome-un-
less he will be a social acquisition to the church. No, Colonel, this
coldness is confined to no country. It is becoming general, and
Canadian churches are only foHowing in the procession."
" Rube, we will not argue the question further, since you wi1l
not admit anything against Canada."
" I will admit nothing, and with reason, for I love Canada and
its people. I have had an individual Canadian do for me
hat
which no individual American has ever done. and for that indivi-
dual Act I shaH ever love the whole Dominion, and shall never
sile1].t1y listen to anything said against it."
Later on the Colonel agreed with me that: " Canada's all
right! Why, Rube, even the churches-in Ottawa-are cordial!"

The Little Tin Dish.

3 01

Cordiality in Ottawa Churches.
This was quite true; the people here even smile toward each
other on leaving the" meeting house," and actually speak to stran-
gus, and ask them to "come again." And speakinp" of Ottawa
churches, they have some very pretty ones, as vide my pictu!"e
gallery. And apropos of the congregations, they will compare
favorably with those in any of our large cities, in intelligence, in
the attire of the men and the dressing of the women. If one were
unconsciously dropped into an Ottawa church. he would not kn:nv
bul what he were in aNew York City church. Or if perchance
he did know, it would be by the greater number of men present. as
in Ottawa the men go to "meeting" too.
Again, one might know from the better congregational sing-
ing-the Canadians being naturally musical.

THE LITTLE TIN DISH.

I don't remember just how the subject came up. It was one
the Colonel seldom broached-so long as there was anything else
to broach. Oh, yes I remember, we were talking about how much
water-in the form of rain-fell on an acre of land-that is how
much in weight. To wonder is to find out, which brings forward
the subject of the courtesy of the various departments of the Cana-
dian Government. We had often remarked how general it was--
this courtesy. We had come to think that there was no excep-
tion, forgetting that it takes one to make a rule. vVell, the day
I took the little tin dish over to the - department, I ran
square into the " exception."

The One Exception of Departmental Courtesy.
" Who sent yon here?" was the gruff greeting I received. I
thought of some one easy, to blame if on, and said,
"l\lr, X."
" \Vell, what do you want?"
" vVant to find out what water weighs," said I, scared like.
U What water ways? This is not the department of canals.
I'm not interested in canals."
"No, I mean w-e-i-g-h-s. I know you're not interested in
canals, nobody is, else they'd been wise and had the one to lhe
Georgian Bay built long ago. Begging your pardon I have a little
tin dish which I want to have filled with water and carefully
weighed as I want to make a calculation," and I told him the
" calculation."

3 02

Ottawa The Hub.

" Any school boy ought to tell you that! " and for fifteen min-
utes I felt real inexpensive, in fact almost "cheap," as he sent
mt' across the hall. ,. Go over there and he will weigh it!" "He"
proved to be a most obliging voung man. Obliging, but not
mathematical. He care full y weighed my little tin dish, filled it
with distilled water, weighed both and started in to calculate.
Unfortunately his scales were built entirely on the gram system,
and he was so long reducing grams to ounces that the head of
the department-whom I had first seen-came into that room like
two men and both in a hurry. Again he asked:

" Who sent you here to take up our time like this?"
"Mr. X." said I, timidly. "l\1r. X., of the - depart-
ment. He told me I would find you a very courteous gentleman."
He left the room without a word further, while the young man
kept on with his figuring-trying to turn grams into ounces,
while I stood ready to turn ounces into pounds. If that young man
could only have ounced those grams I could have pounded the
ounces, and we'd both have known how much the little tin dish
held. But he was again so long that the man with the dark mein re-
appeared-this time with a foot rule, with which he made care-
ful measurements of the little tin dish, and went back to his desk
across the hall, to figure out what "any school boy ought to [ell
you."
Growing tired I left them both figuring, while I went ove

to a school to ask" any school boy," " what does a cubic foot of
watu weigh?"
The first one I met looked surprised, as he replied, off hand,
without any figuring or weighing, "62
pounds for a cubic foot
oÍ water. Ask me something hard! " and to please him, I asked
what it would weigh if it was froze-but he only gave me a cold
stare which I was used to, after my departmental experience vf
the morning, and did not mind.
Yes, this was the only instance, and I have often since thought
that on ordinary occasions, I would have been kindly received, but
I had gone and asked too hard a proposition.
To this day I have not got back my little tin dish-l was loo
afraid to go after it. It may remain as a reminder of the "
x-
ception." It is odd, the very price of it is so in keeping with the
experience, that I shall ever remember the two together-It cost
just Thirty Cents.
" What did I learn as to the

Weight of Water on an Acre?"
" What! YOlt too interested? \Yell, I'll tell you. I won
er .if
it will surprise you as much as it did me! A shower of ram 111

A Good Lincoln Story.

3 0 3

which one inch of water falls, will weigh, for one acre of space
1011-0- 8 -0- tons of water, English tons of 2240 lbs., and II3y 4 u 3 o Cana-
dian and United States tons, of 2000 lbs., or for a foot of water-
fall, I2ISlu6(j" English, and 136Ir 1 (j6ìf Canadian tons."
" 1'ly eyes-what a load the old earth had to carry in Noah's
time! " exclaimed my enquirer.
And I said " yes! " by way of assent, I always like to agree
with the man if not with his opinions.

A GOOD LINCOLN STORY.

I had heard it before and so have you, but we did not know
if it were true, since so many of the good Lincoln stories were
never known to the great Commoner.
This one was told while Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas
were stumping together, during the Presidential campaign of 1859,
when they were opponents for the Presidency. lVIr. Erski
le
Douglas, of Bellefontaine, Ohio--a cousin of Stephen A.-a pro-
minent grain dealer and railroad man, who had formerly residc.i
in Springfield, Illinois, where he was a personal friend of both
candidates, accompanied them on their tour through Ohio. On
one occasion, in a town where Erskine was well known, Stephcn
A. opened the debate.

How Lincoln Sold Whiskey-and Why.
The candidates were occasionally given to "jollying" each
other, but always in the kindest spirit. At one part of his speech
Stephen A. asked: "Do you know who this man Lincoln is?
Do you know that he once ran a little corner grocery store? Do
you know that in that store he used to sell whiskey? Yes, fellow
citizens, actually sold whiskey, sold it to his neighbors to stcal
away their brains. Will you vote for a man who could have so
little care for his fellow beings? As to the truth of what I say,
I need but leave it to your fellow citizen, Erskine Douglas." Ers-
kine with much nodding approves it all,
\Vhen Lincoln arose he began very seriously to reply. When
he reached the above charge, he said: "1Iy opponent has told
you that I ran a little grocery store. He was right, the store was
a very small one, but it was the largest I had. He has told you
that I sold whiskey. Again he was right. I sold whiskey-very
very poor whiskey. It was in a low community, and that was the
kind my customers wanted. I had to keep it to hold their trade.
1dy conscience often told me that I was wrong to be stealing away
the brains-what little they had-of my fellows, but they d
-

3 0 4

Ottawa, The Hub.

manded the whiskey and I had to sell it to them or lose their trade,
an?
entlemen, ,. here he stopped, slowly turned 'round, and
pomtmg at the two, continued, .. and gentlemen, the two best cus-
tomers I had ,.,,-ere Stephen A. and your fellow townsman Erskine
Douglas, and as to the tntth of what I say, I need but leave it to
your fellow citizen, Erskine Douglas," but Erskine did no noddinO"
this time.
he fact that both were known to be temperate, if not
teetotalers, dId not save them from the shouts of laughter at their
expense.
On learning that l\lr. C. A. Douglas, a son of Erskine, and a
well known financial man of Ottawa, was myoid Ohio neighbor,
tht story came to mind and I asked if it were true.
"Yes," said he, "I remember it well. As a little boy I sat on the
edg-e of the platform, at this particular meeting, álmost at the
VEry feet of the speakers. I can remember how proud I was to
think that my cousin was running for President of the United
States, but after that story I never dared to do any 'crowing'
over the other boys, for they were sure to refer to Lincoln's cor-
ner grocery."

" TO SEE OURSELS," OR THE YOUNG l\IAN FROl\1
PRINCE EDWARD.

One has to get outside of one's own country to know how
small and insignificant one's own country really is. The Colonel
and I were made to realize this fact that day we met the man from
Prince Edward Island. He had once been to the States, and !lad
remained more than a month studying our characteristics, and
knew so much more of our country and people than did either the
Colonel or I-about our customs, our ways of living-in short our
real insignificance. ., So different," said he, "in every way to
Prince Edward. vVhy, you could not think of the difference, it
is so marked!" And the company seemed to feel sorry for us, as
the young man expatiated upon the States. He made the case so
plain that neither the Colonel nor I could think of anything tð say,
that is, anything apropos, but as usual the Colonel must1 say some-
tbing, so he asked the young man: " Where is this Prince Edward
Island ?" Oh! dear, there it was again! The Colonel is forever
" getting his foot in it," or having it stepped on. In this instance
it was stepped on, as I said: "Keep still," just loud enough for aU
to hear; "don't show your ignorance of geography here. Don't
you know that Prince Edward is on the Bay of Quinte, in Lake
Ontario, west of Kingston? 'Where' s Prince Edward I stand?' J1
Then, to the young man I said, apologetically, "Y o
must pardon
my friend here, for not knowing your country. He lost his geo-
graphy when he was quite small, and never acquired a new one,"

It I snJt the Size of the Head that Counts. 305

but the young man looked real hurt, and I did not blame him.
U Where is Prince Edward Island!" Some people never could
learn geography, and the Colonel is one of the U some."
\Vhen I got him alone I told him enough about the young
man's country to make him remember it. I usually find a place
he knows, then teach him the new place,
" You know New Jersey?" I asked.
" Of course I do!"
"\Vell, Prince Edward Island is about one-fourth the size.
It is a very important country. Some great people came from
there. One of the greatest judges, one of the most noted pian-
ists, newspaper men, a number, in short, from that little country
have come so many prominents that they are near countless."
" Have they all corne away?"
. ." 'All come away!' \Vhy, no; there are only 5,819 less
people than were there ten years ago, and they have built 141 new
houses in that time. Why, bless you, it has more people left than
\Veehawken and Hackensack combined, and almost as many :!os
Patterson after the fire. 'All come awa}'!' Colonel, in some
ways you are a very dull man, at times almost stupid, when it
comes to knowing about the location of people's country. Your
ignorance embarrassed me very much this afternoon." I may
have been a little severe on the Colonel, but he deserved it.

IT ISN'T THE SIZE OF THE HEAD THAT COUNTS.

"Rube, there is a smart man," said the Colonel, one day on
Elgin Street, as he indicated a man who had the air of owning
everything in sight.
"Why so?" I asked.
" See what a large head he has!" I saw, but knowing the
man, I could not resist saying: "Colonel:

It isn't the size of the head that counts,
It isn't the size of the head,
He may wear a hat with a number 8 mark,
With a brain inside in color all dark,
Oh it isn't the size of the head.
'Tis the grey therein though small it be
That gives to the brain ca-pac-i-tee,
And not the size of the head.

3 06

Ottawa, The Hub.

An elephant said to a flea one è.1....
'I'm big you're small, get out 0'.... the way,'
Oh it isn't the size of the head.
The flea hopped on to the elephant's trunk
And climbed aboard yust lika de monk,
Oh it isn't the size of the head.
The elephant then ran away with fear,
For big as he was, he had a flea in his ear,
Which said: 'It isn't the size of the head that counts
It isn't the size of the head.' " '

THE DEATH OF POOR PADDY.
Everybody at the boarding house said that he had one of the
very best of characters, while all the neighbors within four blocks.
declared openly that a more disreputable dog never stole a bone
than this same dearly beloved Paddy.
Why this disparity of opinion I could never determine. To
be sure he had a reputation of being a fighter. Some said that
he would rather fight than eat, but during the whole time that we
were there we never knew him to fight once. Possibly the neigh-
bors were right in saying that the reason of this was that he had
killed all the dogs in the vicinity that could not get out of his way.
Be that as it may, we never saw him fight, or in the least way
attempt to annoy any other dog, save when occasionally one who
was not acquainted with him would quietly pass our door with a
nice large bone which he had acquired somewhere up town and
was carrying home to gnaw at his leisure. When, I say, a dog
so ignorant of Paddy's reputation passed through our street,
Paddy would bound out at him as though he wanted bone, dog and
all, but he never fought, no, not once while I knew him, the other
dogs would get away too quick, leaving Paddy the bone. What
Paddy wanted with it, however, no one could tell, as the pretty
Star Boarder looked after him so carefully that he could not pos-
sibly have wanted so common a morsel as a street bone.
Why he was loved by one side and hated by the other was
a mystery to us. He was not a beautiful dog-I have never seen
one less so, but he was beloved. It may have been that his very
ugliness was his beauty. I have seen men about whom this
might have been said, but do not know that it might be said of a
dog.
But to cut short my sketch, on returning from one of our
excursions we found the household deeply mourning the sudden
death of poor Paddy. "He was well at noon and dead at night,"
was the common form in which we were given the news. Of

1I I Wasn't Acquainted with the Dog. JJ 307

course there were variations in the recital of the affair, in fact so
many that two weeks later I asked the Colonel: "vVhy is it,
Colonel, you never join in the table conversation? You used to
take part, but of late I have scarcely heard you say a word."
" What," exclaimed the Colonel; "I join in the conversation!
How could I? I wasn't acquainted with the dog! "
* * * * * *
They buried poor Paddy in the northeast corner of the yard,
anù planted above his grave a twig of shamrock in memory, but
the neighbors all declared that even so hardy a plant as the sham-
rock could not survive in the same soil. They were wrong; the
plant is flourishing and a green flag-harp-emblasoned, waves
above his grave.
That the neighbors' hatred of Paddy was pure prejudice there
is now no question, for analysing his character, we find that it
will bear a scrutiny which many another on the block could not
bear.
If there is one character that I dislike above all others, it is
the backbiter-the man or the woman who has ill words to say
about an absent one. He or she will backbite and the victim may
never know from whence the source-may never know who it
was who did it. Not so with Paddy; if he did any backbiting Y0l1
knew it instantly, and needed no detective. Again, I dislike the
one who promises and never fulfils. The boy with a large red
apple, \\"ho used to promise a bite, and then ate it all himself was
my detestation. Unlike the boy, if Paddy promised a little bite
you always got it, and he had often been known to give it with-
out the promise. His generosity may have been a little surprising,
but you got the bite just the same.
There was a nobility about Paddy after which many anoth-:;r
" cur" might well pattern. He might kill, as he had often been
accused of doing, but he was always " in at the death" and never
resorted to poison, as some of the other curs had been known to
resort-he himself being one of the victims.
At the house is another dog-the pup now grown. He still
lives. No one loves, neither does anyone hate him. He has not
the force of character to fight, nor has he any qualities that are
lovable. He is just a dog-a dog because he can't be anything
else. He hasn't the energy to be anything else. He would not
\be even a dog if it required energy. His only aim in life is to
eat, and no one will ever think enough on the subject to put poison
in his food, for he don't count. It's only the dogs that have char-
acter that need have fear of the heavy villain.
A dog- is handicapped. He must be a fighter or l1othin
.
Paddy chose the former. That's why the green flag, harp-em-
blazoned, waves over his grave, and the wind sighs through the
shamrock in the corner of the yard.
Poor' Paddy, you were a fighter, but you were beloved.

3 08

Ottawa, The Hub.

THE COLONEL, THE SPINSTER AND THE
PRIVATE ASYLU11.

Canad
is remarkable for it's many old people. You have all
heard the joke of a very old man referring to his grandfather.
Here, that is no joke. One day I had occasion to call on an old
lady for a bit of information. She was frail with age.
" I really forget," she said, in reply to my inquiry. "I for-
get, but possibly mamma may know," and she went in to the next
foom to see if " mamma" remembered, but she too had forgotten.
I'm almost certain had I not gone at once" grandmamma " would
have been asked,
I did not always go after needed information. I sometimes
sent the Colonel-that is at first I sent the Colonel, later he refus-
ed to go. It all came about by my wanting to get some data,
a lu By town. I wanted to know if one of a name was related to
an early settler, and so instructed the Colonel, I might say I sent
him over to E- Street, but I won't. He had been gone an
hour when he came in all disheveled and greatly excited: · I
wish you to understand, Rube, that the next time you want any
old By town information, you'll get it yourself. You 11 never again
get me to go to a private lunatic as}rlu'm for data! Just look at me!
Ain't I a sight! "
" Well, yes, Colonel, you do look a bit done for," and he did.
" How did it all happen?" I asked.
"I really don't know. I went over and asked, as you told
me to, and see the result! "
" Yes, Colonel, but what did you say or do?"
" Nothing at all, nothing in the world out of proper. I was
as polite as possible, but almost at the very first question I asked
the demented person, she jumped at me and-well, here I am, look
at me-look at me. And I feel even worse than I look,-and all
for your insatiable desire to hunt out old things. I tell you there
will be no more old things for me, after her."
"Calm down, Colonel, calm down, and tell me what you
asked her? "
"I almost forget-she scared it clear out of me-Oh, yes,
HOW I recall it. I didn't like to come right at the subject, so I
asked her, polite like, if she was born in old By town days-and
this is her answer-look at me. I tell you, Rube, you can here-
after do your own private lunaticlish business, as I'll do no more
of it, no more of it for me!" And he has kept his word.

U English as She is S þoke. J1

309

An Ottawa lady, remarkable for her cleverness in depicting
" The Characters we meet," has kindly furnished this Laurentides
sketch, of

u Our Batiste. J1

Our guide and man of aU work, who helped around the shack
during the four weeks spent in the Laurentian :l\Iollntains, was a
typical "habitant." "De fader of tirteen childer," none of
whom could read or write, for as he himself said: "Be g03h,
what's de use of dat? I'm not read or write, and I'm anus have
planty for heat and wear, an sum tam planty to drink too. ,.
vVe, as specimens from town interested him greatly. He was
\\Tatching us closely one day as we gathered the beautiful wild
flowers and carried them home, and then Baptiste could be silent
no longer:
" Wal, for sure, you peoples dat come from de town ar de
greenest tings I nevar see; you look at dis and dat 2nd say: 'Oh,
my r 'Oh, my!' all de tam like you nevar see notings before, but
den (in an apologetic tone) your not so green as de people I work
for las summar. Be gosh, dere crazy for sure, dey pick up de
little stones from de crick and dem tings dat grow on de tr
e
(fungus) and draw pieters on dem for take home. \Ven for sure
dem people from Boston de greenest tings I nevar see," and we
Otta wans were satisfied.

" ENGLISH AS SHE IS SPOKE."

A French Canadian shantyman, whose name is \Villiam
Whistle, made a speech at the entertainment given by the lumber-
men on the occasion of the visit of the Duke and Duchess of York
to Ottawa. The speech was a specimen that requires the pen of
a Drummond, Bret Harte or :J\1ark Twain to reproduce in such a
way as to preserve its originality, force and simplicity, in the
patois of the French Canadian bushmen. He began:-
Gentlemans: I am no use for talk on de membres of Par1Í:1-
ment; I am no use for talk on the shantymans, but aftare an I'll
do the bes' I can't.
For tirty years I work for Messieu Edware, except tree year
when I have been in bizzness for myself. On the first year I work
for l\lessieu Edware I arn everything an able man she's want for
herself and her familee. By an by I look roun' and I see l\lessieu
Edware do one big bizzness an gettin rich, an I tink I'll lac to
do jus' de same, I say to l\Iessieu Edware I'll tak de contrac'
for mak saw-log. Well, I'll get de contrac'. I'll mak shanty for

3 10

Ottawa
The Hub.

tree year, and at de en of tree year my farm she's gone; every-
ting I have got is gone, an worse'n dat, I owe Messieu Edware
seventeen tousand doll are. I am gone broke, an am ob]ige to go
to J\lessieu Edware an ask him for a job again, an I'll got it too.
I'm d-n glad to get it too, for with de work I tink I'll earn a
living for my wife an familee, but dat will not help me pay de
seventeen tousand doll are, an dat seventeen tousand doll are debt
will mak worry me very much, for when I'm a young boy my
modder will say onto me, " William, if you mak de debt an don't
pay de debt in dis worl', you'll have to pay it in de nex'," an dat
will wory me very much. By an by I'll mak up my min' to go
right at it. I'll go on de confess. I'll go tree times on de con-
fess, but de priest she'll not tak' de confess for dat seventeen tou-
sand dollare. Den I'll mak' up my min' I'll go right to de Lord
herself, an I'll say to de Lord, " Now, jus' look here, dere hain't
any use in talking; you'll mak' me wise enough to earn a farm an
everyting a man she's want for herself an her familee, but aftare
dat you'll mak' me fool enough to lose it all. Now, I want you,
Lord, for tak' dat seventeen tousand doll are youself and jus' fix it
up de bes' way you can't," an aftare dat I'll nevaire hear Messieu
Edware talking of dat seventeen tousand dollare again. Aftare
all Messieu Edware send me to build shanty for de King an de
Queen, an I'll do it again if he want me, an by an by I'm getting
ole, perhaps too ole to do de work for Messieu Edware, an I'll go
on Englan an perhaps de King she will give me a job dere."-
(Tremendous cheering.)

PART FIFTH.

THE SPOKES.

Being an Account of Rube's and the Colonel's
Wanderings Through the Beautiful Surroundings
of the Capi tal.

PART FIFTH.

THE SPOKES.

"UP THE GATIKEAU."

\Ve had said "no" so often to the question: "Have you been
up the Gatineau?" and had the questioner look as though he felt
real sorry for us at that" no," that we determined to make it pos-
sible to say "yes," Now we can say "we have been up the
Gatineau," and if \ve are not asked, we simply stop the man on
the street and tell him about it. The Colonel and I are sort 0'
proud of the fact that we are no longer the exceptions. Some
readers may not know of this delightful trip, and to them I mean
to talk-the rest already know of it.
The Gatineau is a river nearly as wide as the l\Iiami at Day-
ton, Ohio, and with far more water. It is 600, possibly 7 0 0, miles
long, heading in the same portion of the country with the Ottawa.
It is not navigable except by canoes and logs, and for them but in
one direction, as it has more rapids, cascades and falls than the
Ottawa has lakes, and is more crooked than the IVleander itself.
It is more picturesque than a park, anfl more worth seeing th'1n
many of the far-famed scenes our people go thousands of miles to
look upon.
There are two ways of seeing it-one by the railway itself,
the other, and better, is to stop off at some of the more important
stations, and leisurely wander along its tree-embowered banks,
and thus get it's full beauty.
Gracefield being the objective point, I have not space for the
many pretty fishing and camping places along the way. I must.
however, " cast" a few lines at

3 1 4

The Spokes.

W akefield

21 miles out-the prettiest village on the line. It is the summer
home of many Ottawans. N. A. Belcourt, B.A., K.C., Speaker
of the House, the l\1.P. of frequent mention, summers here, as do
\V. H. Rowley, T. C. Bate, Rev. J. 11. Snowdon, of St. George's,
the much-loved chaplain of the" 43rd," and many others of. note.
Baltimore, :Md., has her representative in that popular minis-
ter
Rev. }\tIr. Guthrie. Professor 1\lacoun, the great botanist, is
here for the third time, studying the flowers of the Gatineau.

(( The Gatineau Cave. n

Before leaving Ottawa I was asked: .. Where is that noted
cave along the river?" I had in turn asked it myself.
o one
could tell, but now I have found it for you. It is easterly, " a
pleasant drive;' which means ten miles from \\7 akefield, .. on the
other side of the river." It has been explored only about one-
fourth of a mile.
At North \Vakefield, three miles further along, is another
place of note-not for itself, but its surroundings. Chilcott La
e
is three miles westerly; there a number of Ottawans are summer-
ing. 1\lr. W. L. l\IIarler, manager of The 1\lerchants' Bank, has
his summer home at North \Vakefield.

(( Gracefield. n
Gracefield is at present the end of the road. It is 59 miles
from Ottawa. At the rapid rate, however, at which work is being
pushed by the Canadian Pacific, under Supuintendent Dunn, it
will soon reach l\Ianiwaki, 23 miles further north. (It has been
completed and opens up a grand fishing country.)
I shall have more to say of Gracefield than of any other point
along the line. There may be points of more interest, but the
Colonel and I failed to find them. It was at Gracefield where we
had our real fun. I say" fun," as that is what boys have, and
for the time the Colonel and I were boys again. We fished and
hunted-no, I won't say" hunted;' for we found the wild goose
when we were not hunting for it. It was here we saw the country
wedding in all its varied colors. "Colors," for they were its
main feature.
Gracefield is not
large town, yet covers much ground. V\í e
passed a house not far from the station, where was a jolly lot of
summer boarders. \Ve asked how far it was to Gracefield, and
a bevy of pretty girls laughingly told us that we were now in the
town itself. We were driven to the hotel, not far awav, where
we found Captain Leech, Assistant Engineer of the C.P.R., who
took us in charge, and to him we owe our" fun." He and his

The Captain Thro'lvs Rube
s Fish Back into the Lake. 3 1 5

family had been there a week, and he knew what we should see
and do, to get the most out of our stay.
The next morning the Captain said: "\V e will go up to
Castor Lake, four and a half miles above Gracefield, on the new
line." "How will we go?" asked the Colonel, who is always in-
tE-rested in the .. how." ,. Superintendent Dunn and Paymaster
Heney board here, and they always have a way; we will go with
them," replied the Captain. "Ah! that is good," said the Colonel,
cheerfully, thinking of a special car. .. Yes, Dunn and Heney al-
ways have a way." They walked that morning. This would
not have been so bad had it not been that it began pouring rain
shortly after we started. I like water, but I always prefer choos-
ing in what form to take it, and so complained. ., Don't worry

Rube," said the Colonel; "always remember that: · Behind the
clouds is the sun still shining,' and that:
"Thy fate is the common fate of all,
On to each back some rain must fall.' "
1\ow, that was just like the Colonel. There he trudged
along, encased in a rubber coat, advising me, without either a
rain coat or umbrella, not to worry. It is remarkable the amount
of philosophy a man in a rubber coat can indulge in, on the sub-
ject of water on a rainy day.
At the" Camp" we waited until the rain stopped, in the
meantime making friends with the cook from Carp, who let us
partake of some nice pies he had just made. It was the first time
I had enjoyed the hospitality of a railroad camp, since back in
18--, out in Kansas. I could not but notice the difference in the
morale of the men. In Kansas the revolver was a very necessary
implement; here, the only " revolver" I saw was the great steam
scoop which was loading a car every two minutes.

Bass Fishing on Castor Lake.
\Ve got a boat, crossed the beautiful lake to " the good fish-
ing hole," of which the Captain knew.
I will not detail this day further than to say that it was one
of the most delightful outings I had had in Canada. I caught
fish until I was tired casting. I was surprised to see what a fine
fisherman I was. I really thought that I was a wonder, and was
making up a long stretch of "Rube as a Walton," but imagine my
feelings when, as we were ready to pull in the lines to return to
camp, the Captain quietly remarked: " Now, Rube, of course you
know it is against the law to keep fish under a certain size. If we
do, and Game "\tVarden Boyer sees us at the Vicotria Hotel, he will
have us fined," and at that he threw nearly every blamed one of my
fish back into the lake, and as they sank, my feelings went down too.
But what could 1. do. I didn't want to be fined by Game Warden

3 16

The Spokes.

Boyer, he was too good a fellow for me to thus embarrass; so, I
let the Captain keep on throwing until I didn't have over a dozen
left, which I gave to the cook at the camp to show that I appre-
ciated the pie he had given me in the morning. That was the rea-
son I gave, but the Colonel said I was ashamed to carry back to
town my few little fish, when the Captain had so large a " string"
of three pounders. It was so strange. There we sat with the
same kind of tackle, and fishing at the same spot with the same
kind of bait, and while I pulled out those of unlawful size, the
Captain was "hauling" out fish to be proud of. Now, this is
true. Explain it you who can.

The Colonel, the Wild Goose, and the Widdy.
The Captain had some letters to write next morning, so the
Colonel and I went down the Pickanock (Indian for" black wat
r
river "), in a boat, to where it enters the Gatineau just below
Gracefield. \Vhile we were rowing along, the Colonel spied a
wild goose. He was, in a moment, even wilder than the goose
itself. "Row to the shore quickly, Rube, till I run up to the
hotel for a gun:' with which hQ soon returned. The Captain said
he created much excitement, as a wild goose at this season of the
year was indeed a rara avis. I had kept the goose in sight, and
the Colonel brought him down with the first shot. \Vell, I don't
believe Senator Proctor was prouder of that first moose than was
the Colonel with his goose. He sat 'round the hotel piazza talk-
ing about it till dinner. Told over and over of how we stealthily
rowed up to within shooting distance, and how that with the first
shol he had brought it down. But imagine his surprise when
Murphy came up after dinner, and said: "Colonel, there's a
woman downstairs says she would like to see you." The Colonel
said he didn't know any of the ladies of Gracefield, and " Go down
Murphy, and see what the lady wants; there must be some mis-
take." But 1\Iurphy came back and said: " It's l\1:rs. 1\1aloney,
and she insists on seeing you." The Colonel went down, and
soon I could hear loud talking: " Ye'll.pay me or oi'll hav the lah
olm yees. Purty mon ye ahr to shoot a pore widdy's pet goose."
" How much do you want?" the Colonel asked. " Oi wants foive
dollars, or oi'll have the lah ohn yees before marnin." " What,
five dollars for one grey goose that looked so much like a wiìd
one, that an expert could not tell the difference!" exclaimed the
Colonel.
"Oi can't hilp what the goose looked loik. Is it the foive
or the lah, quick?" Then I heard her cor..tinue in quite another
tone. "Ah! it's a foine gintleman ye ahr. Oi hopes ye and your
friend, the guy wid yees, may have a noice toime; but vees had
batther go fishin' an' wait till the huntin' sa son opens, ahnd it won't
be so expinsive-good noit, noice gintleman-oi thanks yees."

The Country Wedding.

3 1 7

" Well, did you ever!" exclaimed the Colonel, as he came
upstairs. " Yes," said I, " once, but I killed five that time." The
Colonel, however, didn't want to hear the story. Said he'd lost
all interest in geese. "Nothing personal, Colonel?" but he paId
n<.' attention to my question, and I haven't dared speak of the math
r
since.

The Country Wedding.
I had often heard of these country weddings, and had seen a
few, but everybody said I hadn't seen a real one yet. \Vell, I
certainly saw a "real one" at Gracefield. It passed the hotel
while the Colonel and I were there. It came from IS miles away,
from ., back in the hills," as they told us at the hotel. There were
sixty vehicles, from "trotting buggies" holding two, up to
wagons with eight, The to-be bride and her father led the pro-
cession, the friends following, their vehicles stringing along about
fifteen feet apart, and at the very end came the groom and his
" best man." After the ceremony, in the village church, the young
men of the company ran ahead to the next corner, and as the briùe
came up, on her way to the hotel, she had to salute, with a kis,;.
(The Colonel declares that some of the boys took two), each onc
in turn.
"The gowns?" Ah! they were the features. The rainbow
was not in the same class with the colors worn by the "ladies" of
that wedding party. The bride wore a fiery-red waist, with a
bright blue skirt, and the rest had chosen shades of all the other
colors, and as the party moved in and out at that street corner, it
was like an old-fashioned kaleidoscope with added mixtures of
color. The procession now formed for the return, "back to the
hills." \Vhere they came from we could not tell, but at a given
signal, a man sprang to the head of each horse of the long line and
fastened a flag to the bridle. The flags, like the gowns of the
"ladies," were of all colors, but without any design. The bride
and bridegroom now led the procession. The flags at the horses'
heads fluttered in the breeze as the merry company moved away.
In all the time, durin!! their stay in town, not one seemed to notice
the "show" that they made for the onlookers. They acted as thongh
they were utterly oblivious of the hundreds of eyes of critical
Gracefield, Like animals on exhibition, they heeded not the In-
lookers. Two days later, word came back that the party was
still dancing and making merry.

The bride was possibly seventeen years old, and, the Colond
says, innocently pretty.
V\T e may smile at what once was general custom. \Vho
knows, but this I know, happiness at a wedding is the aim of ail,
and that party, in its way, was as happy as anv I have ever seen,
so what need they have cared for critical eyes?

3 18

The Spokes.

The Big Trout Fish and Game Club.
Late one night a company of gentlemen came to the hotel.
V\' e met them next morning at early breakfast. They had come
to Gracefield on the train, and were to be driven back to the north-
west, 25 miles, to Pythongo Lake. They were members and th
ir
friends of the Big Trout Fish and Game Club, which has 13ï
square miles, with many lakes. They were going out to fish.
Hugh "McLean, Secretary of the Club was in charge. 1\1any
of my readers will know genial Hugh :McLean, member of the
big IUl11her firm of l\IcLean Bros., of Buffalo. Dr. Kemble, of
Kingston, N.Y., was going along to look after their bodies, said
Hugh, while Rev. Dr. \Vm. Young Chapman, of Buffalo, was to
-1 forget what the Dr. was going along to look after, but he was
good-natured enough to have kept the party in the best of
" spirits" during the outing, and that's what most fishing parties
up here seem to need. Frank Palen, of Kingston, and \Vm. Kes-
sler, ofl Halstead, Penn., made up the rest of the party. Of course,
John Gilmour is an honorary member of this club, as is also Hon.
\V. C. Edwards.

Game Warden.
There is an office which to the outside public is of much im-
portance, so I will give it a sketch to itself, from the fact that
Gracefield is in the heart of a great hunting country. Deer are su
plentiful, almost within the town limits, that in the fall, hundreds
come here to shoot, and they must have to do with the game war-
den. P. D. Boyer, the genial host of the Victoria Hotel, one of Lhe
best kept hotels in the Gatineau Valley. Mr. Boyer is very popu-
lar, and most obliging in furnishing information to those con-
tE"mplating coming for the fishing or hunting season. He knows
the good fishing lakes, and the deer" runs," for miles around.
Speaking of hotels, the surprise of our trip was the cheap
rates at which one can live while having all the pleasures of
n
outing at Gracefield, and no matter the appetite one may acquire
while roaming about midst pretty scenes, or rowing on the lakes,
the menu is always sufficient for any occasion, and good and
wholesome is the food.
\Ve did not get out to Blue Sea Lake, a few miles north of
Gracefield. The extension of the rai1wa
' will pass close by 1t.
It is very large, and said to be a fine sheet of water. Castor, with
its many pretty arms and inlets, is several miles in length. and yet
it is said to be small in comparison to the great Blue Sea Lake.
North-easterly from Gracefield-about 12 miles-is one of
the most promincñt clubs in Canada. It is

A Famous Fish GIld Caine Club.

3 1 9

The Catineau Fish and Came Club, or the Thirty-one Mile
Lake Club.
So called from a lake 31 miles in length. The other name of I-his
lake is Lac du Commissionaire. Its beauty may be imagined from
it
having 126 islands, ranging from one of a half acre to the
largest, containing 726 acres. I t is separated from Lake Peme-
changan-Io miles long-by a very narrow strip of ground, and
although so near, it is 40 feet higher. \V onderful formation !
The former lake is long, the latter is circular; the one has many
islands, the other has but three, one of which is three miles long.
This island contains a mountain almost 1,000 feet high. Agali1,
., VV onderful formation!"
These lakes are very deep, water cold throughout the year,
and are very famous for the fine quality of small-mouthed bass;
they are never allowed to be depleted. I t would be very easy to
average So bass per day, but the club limit the catch to 20 ba3s
per rod. Trout fishing, which is a shorter season, is not limited.
The club own the ground around both lakes for one mile
back, in all, 105 miles. and the territory abounds with game, both
large and small.
The territory is guarded by several wardens in the employ of
the club; the land is heavily timbered over a large area, and this is
protected by fire wardens in the employ of "V. C. Edwards Lum-
ber Co.
Owing to the splendid protection given to this territory, it
stands much in the same relation to the province of Quebec that
the Algonquin Park does to the province of Ontario, the game
being carefully protected.
The club preserves extend over four townships. The ch.tb
house is a large, handsome frame building, containing smoking--
room, dining-room. and 25 bed-rooms; large galleries, 12 fed
broad, extend around the club house on three sides. There are
also two handsome cottages. one for the superintendent and em-
ployees, and the other for members who bring their wives or
female members of the family. These buildings are all situated
on the narrow neck of land separating the two lakes.
This club have their own horses and equipment for the ac-
commodation of members. They have two steam launches on
Thirty-one l\Iile Lake, several boat houses, and about 30 skiffs
and canoes.
The officers are: President. 1fr. C. Ross, of the great depart-
ment stores of the C. Ross Companv; Vice-President. W. Y.
Soper; Secretary and Treasurer, J as. F. Cunningham. The other
Directors are: 1fessrs. Russell Blackburn, Albert l\1aclaren, E. S.
Leetl1am and \V. Hughson.
The American members of this club are: Dr. J. D. Brvant,
\"\T. A. Chipman, New York; E. C. Converse, -New
York; 11. F, Cornwall, New York; R. Lindsay Colman, Red

3 20

The Spokes.

Bank, N.J.; S. P. Franchot, Red Bank, N.J.; VV. P. Ritchej,
Buffalo, N.Y.; Guy E. Robinson, New York; F. vVeber, New
York; \V. G. \Vhite, New York; Gen. Wylie, New York.

The Wright Fish and Game Club
have their limits (some fifty square miles) between Thirty-one
]\Iilc Lake and the Lievre River. Its officers are: President, ::\lr.
F. J. Graham, of the great firm of Bryson, Graham & Co., in Ot-
tawa; Vice-President, J\Ir, D. E. Johnson, of Beament & Johnson,
and Secretary-Treasurer, l\lr. H. H. vVilliams.
Like the Thirty-one J\1ile Lake Club, it has many Americ::l.!1
members, among whom are such well-known men as T. D. and
T. H. Downing, Roland l\1cClave, VV. L. and VV. L. S. Pierce, G.
Fred. Hawkins, F. H. Page, S. Shibley, A. Crall, John D. Barreit
anù H. H. Adams, jr., nearly all of New York City.
On meeting the last named, I was reminded of the meeting of
Julius Chambers, the famous newspaper man, and \Yill Carletoa,
the poet. Julius was in Paris fÇ>r the N ew York Herald, and one
day, seeing among the hotel arrivals the name of Carleton, wrote
him: "Don't you think it is about time you and I knew each
other? I'm your next door neighbour in Brooklyn." Mr.
Adams' office is at 149 Broadway, where I once had an office. It
seemed oeld that we should have had to meet, for the first time, in
the back woods in far-off Canada. The world is often smaller
than a city.
"Up the Gatineau" will long be remembered as one of the
most delightful of the Hub's Spokes.

U King of the Gatineau."
This was the title long borne by Alonzo, son of Tiberius, and
grandson of the great Philemon Wright, who first settled near ,he
mouth of this beautiful river. Alonzo vVright's home was along
thE east bank of the Gatineau, a few miles north of where it enters
the Ottawa. It is beautiful even yet, although since his death i_en
years ago it has not been kept up in the kingly style of his dav.
The questions: "Who shall inherit the title? Who shall be
king of the Gatineau?" have long been asked. One has even as-
sumed it, and thereby gained a fame that extends fully ten mIles
around his little viIIage, near the bank of the stream, hut to tho-se
eleven miles awav he is but a " Pretender," with no claims other
than that of presttmption.
To a stranger, looking at this wilrllv beautiful cascad(
d
stream, tearing it course down from the far-away north to the
Grand at the Capital, it would seem that the title should belong
to the man who has, and has had. most to do with the river.
There is one who for vears has been so identified with it, that
when you think of the onë you naturally think of the other. He

t( King of the GatÍneau. JJ

3 21

has not had to do alone with a remote village upon its bank, ÍJut
with the full length of it. He should be king of the Gatinea-J,
and when you have read of him, I am sure you will agree wnh
me. You will agree that the real king is
Samuel Bingham.
Intimately connected with the history of Ottawa during the
years from 1880 to 1898 is the name of Samuel Bingham, for ninc
years an alderman who worked for the city's interest, and in 1897
became possibly the most unique mayor in Canada, having been
elected by a good majority in a three-cornered contest against two
men whose popularity made 11r. Bingham's friends advise him to
"wait till next year," but from boy to man he was not one of the
kind to wait when once he decided to act.
1Iayor Bingham was unique in that he not only gave his
salary to the orphanages and hospitals of the city, but gave of his
own means for other benefits to Ottawa. To him is due the pretty
park, named in his honor" Bingham's Park," 01l. Sussex and Dal-
hcusie Streets, and as I have spoken elsewhere, to him is dl1e thc
children's playground on Dalhousie Street, complete in all its ap-
pointments. He is known and loved by all the boys, for they
know him as their friend.
Samuel Bingham was born in Ottawa in r846, and has '1.1-
ways resided here. He is, in fact, a self-made man. Starting
poor, he has become one of the Capital's wealthiest citizens. and
what counts for more than the making of money, he is liberal wi[h
hi
means. His life is a good lesson for the youth of to-day. He
began work at $1.00 a month, and boarded at home. It was lOt
the dollar for which he worked, but that he might gain experience
which in after life would bring more dollars. It is said he was
as faithful to his employer for that one hundred cents as though
each cent had been a dollar.
He learned the lumber business with l\Ir. James :l\Iaclaren, who
had also started a poor boy, and became many times a millionaire.
Years ago logs were brought down the Gatineau River wilh-
out any system; sometimes a dozen sets of men ran them. .:\Ir.
Geo. Brophy, connected with the Public \i\Torks Department, sug-
g{'sted that the contract be given to one man. \\Tho to get was
not long a' question. He who when a boy had worked for one
dollar a month was chosen, and has ever since handled the mil-
lions of logs, all the way along for roo miles up this raging,
tumbling stream.
A Great Log Jam.
You will see in the "Gallery" a picture of one of the great
;;t
log jams ever known: 250,000 logs at the Cascades-a few mi1
s
up the river! Some conception of this vast pile of wealth may
be had if you will think of one hundred acres-in places 20 feet
deep-covered with logs, some of which were worth $40 each.

3:?2

The Spokes.

How to move them was not long a question, for with l\'Ir.
Bingham there is never a question. "Find a way" is his motto.
In this instance he invented a way, and that way is so graphicaily
described by Charlie Askwith, who went up to see the sight, that
I will give it, in part, as it will show some of the work of

Logging on, the Gatineau.
"Time and time again the story has been told how brave
river men take their lives in their hands, and leaping out on the
front of the log jam loosen the key log, often only to be swept
under the jam and crushed lifeless.
But the ex-l\Iayor has changed all this, and even the pictur-
esque river men have to make way for the advance of the all-pre-
vailing machinery.
The ex-l\layor has invented a plan which has never been tried
before on the Gatineau. It was. put in operation to-day.
The machine is very simple. On a large raft or crib a
stationery steam engine has been set up. Attached to this is a
drum, on which a wire cable with a hook on the end of it, winds
and unwinds.
The engine and cribwood is towed up to the jam. The raft is
tied to a pier in such a way that if the jam suddenly breaks, and
fifty thousand logs come careering down the river, the crib is
swept aside and no harm comes to it.
The hook in the cable is attached to the logs on the top of the
jam. They are pulled from the top one by one without strain or
danger. The operation is very rapid, and with good work one
log a second ought to be set sailing down the stream, to the
seventy-five or eighty sorters that the ex-l\Iayor keeps at the
mouth of the river to sort out logs belonging to the differ
nt
owners.
The application of this new idea occurred to the ex-Mayor,
who may be said to be the inventor of this new system of jam
breaking.
The French-Canadian river men that l\Ir. Bingham has work-
ing for him are all bright young fellows, who know the spirits of
the river, and in the light of the camp fire at night can tell won-
derful stories of how the spirits of dead Indians haunt the hills
beyond, of the Loup Garou and of the terrible \iVindigo. This is
a great animal or spirit. and if you come across his tracks in the
woods, and are fool-hardy enough to cross them, you will neVèr
more be seen by mortal eye.
One man knew of a cook, Baptiste, who once crossed the
Vvïndigo's track, and was never seen again."
This river and " shanty lore" should be collected. It is full
of interest, but with the crowding on of civilization ( ?), it is fast
being lost. It is said by those who know, that there are no mOïe
entertaining men in the world than the river and shanty men, with

u The Yankee among the Shanties. JJ

3 2 3

their legends, songs, and rare stories. If ever I find the time, I
shall spend a winter in the woods, and collect them for a book-
and should you ever see on some far-away book stand,

The Yankee among the Shanties,
you will know without looking at the title page that it is "Rube
and the Colonel's" own experience in the forests of Canada.
I\1r. Bingham, it is claimed, has handled more logs than any
other living man.
This public spirited citizen, while Alderman and I\Iayor,
worked as conscientiously as though conducting his own private
affairs. He worked with judgment as well as liberality. \Vhen
Chairman of the Board of \tV orks, he repaired, at his own ex-
pense, the Rideau Bridge, which had become unfit for public use.
His efforts brought to Ottawa the first steam roller. Sparks
Street was paved also through his efforts.
\tVhen elected lVlayor, he showed his appreciation by giving
a great banquet, not only to the representative men of the city,
but of the nation as well, after which he gave a luncheon to Ll1e
ladies, for be it known, the lVlayor never forgets the ladies.
During the year of his mayoralty, the Pope, Leo XIII, honor-
ed him by appointing him Chevalier of the Holy Sepulchre, one
of the most distinguished honors that can be conferred by the
Pope on any person outside of clerical circles.
The city press has paid I\1r. Bingham much deserved com-
pliment. The Ottawa J ollrnal said: " I\Iayor Bingham is held by
aU to be a big-hearted man, a citizen of good character and clean
record, who has won the honors." The Free Press said: " In the
new l\Iayor the citizens have a man in whom they may justly have
every confidence," while the Citizen said: " He is a shrewd, ener-
gltic man, accustomed to handle large and importc o ll1t enterprises.
He is thoroughly honest, a man of means, and of considerable in-
dependence of character, and is, moreover, a genial, whole-souhyf
warm-hearted Irishman."
I have given the " King" much space, for such as he count
fa.r more in the interest of a city's welfare than men of words
alone.

3 2 4

The Spokes.

DO\tVN THE OTTAWA,

It was a perfect morning in August. The Colonel and I had
planned for a number of days to take this trip, but other things
had taken our attention, and then came the perfect day.
It was onc of those mormngs you feel the joy of each breath,
you are content with yourself and everything about you; the people
around you look happy, for you yourself are happy. The" Em-
press" starts from the Queen's Wharf, on Sussex Street, at 7.45
a.m. Weare up early, and are at the boat with a half hour to wait.
\tVe sit and watch the happy excursionists come aboard. They
come, from baby in arms to tottering age-the little girls carrying
their dolls, as the mother-love in their hearts makes them want
dolly to have" a good time" too. The picture around us takes in
the pinacles of the Parliament Buildings, above the tree-clothçd
bluff, upon which they proudly sit; the long Interprovincial Bridge
spanning the Ottawa as it reaches across to Hull on the north or
Quebec side: the Chaudiere Falls in the west distance, surrounded
by the mills of industry; the far-away hills to the north and to ihe
east; the river flowing on through lakes and rapids, to join its
companions on their journey to the sea. Here and thcre we see
little boats plying in and out among the floating refuse from the
saw mills above, and on inquiry find that the

Wood Gleaners
are an Ottawa feature. At early morning and after working hours
in the evening, these gleaners are out with their boats, gathering
wood for their winter store. They have a long rod, \-vith an iron-
pointed spear and hook, by which they draw to the boat pieces of
floating board or slab, and when they have a load, row to the bank
and deposit it, to be drawn to their houses later on. There is a
code of honor among them which makes their little piles of wood
as safe as though in their own cellar at home. As I write, there
is passing an Amazon, in a boat harùly large enough to hold her,
yet she plies the spear and hook as dexterously as the men, and
wholly oblivious of all danger of an upset; yet, for that matter, she
is quite safe, as by no possible chance could she sink if the boat did
overturn.
The whistle blows, the wheels turn, and we are off. To the
right we pass the Ottawa Rowing Club, and far up the bluff we
pass "Earnscliffe," the former home of the great Sir John A.
l\Iacdonald; then the Ottawa mills of Hon. \V. C. Edwards. and
the Rideau Falls; after which we come in view of the beautifll1
Rockliffe Park. Just before rounding the turn of the river, we
pass the Ottawa Canoe Club house at the end of the Park. To

Down the Ottawa.

3 2 5

the left, in mid-stream, is Kettle Island, extending three miles down
the river; to the right again we see, here and there, along the well-
shaded banks, the tents of many campers-and, apropos of outing,
I have never been in a land where tent camping is so general as
here. It is certainly an ideal way of fully enjoying the summer. I
sometimes think that I would have made a good gipsy. A SIWlIIwr
gipsy, I mean. Still to the right stands, in the distance, a tall !lag
staff. The bank is too high to see the tents and quarters at -:.he
Rifle Range, but we know they are there, for we have often en-
joyed the hospitality of the " boys" gathered here from all paris
of the Dominion for rifle practice.
The waters of the Ottawa are as smooth this morning as my
" Shadow Picture" at Lake Bouquet-shown in The Yankee in
Quebec.
Five miles below the city we pass Duck Island, to the right as
we come in view of East Templeton to the left. Here are the
mills of the I\Iaclarens. Bell rings for breakfast; then we regret
we had not known of this boat breakfast, but we had not known of
it, and had to hunt out an open restaurant among the many closed
ones, as Ottawa is not an early riser.
The river widens below East Templeton, and narrows again
before reaching the pretty grove-surrounded summer resort of
Besserers, II miles below. From Besserers to Cumherland, 9
miles farther on to the right (Ontario side). It is j l1st river, river,
beautifully banked with pretty farms, in places reaching to the
water's edge, while at others the scenery is wild and picturesque.
Cumberland is a pretty little village sitting on the hillsi
le,
framed in sylvan cosiness. A mile away, and on the Quebec side,
we come to Buckingham, Prince's \Yharf. The town of Ducking-
ham itself is four mi]es to the north, on the C. P. R. It is quite a
considerable place-3,ooo inhabitants. It was here that the late
James :Maclaren made many of his millions. He is the l\Iaclaren
about whom I told you, who as a boy, crossed Lake Deschenes, with
all his few possessions in a canoe, on his way to \Vakefield, on the
Gatineau.

Rockland.
This town of 2,000 inhabitants is one of the most important
on the river. It might be called Hon. VV. C. Edwards' town. '1 his
is literally true, for with his two great mills gone, Rock-land would
be its name alone. These are but a part of his lumber interests.
Four miles below, on the Quebec side, we reach Thurso, with
its large church and small houses. It is a village of 700 inhabi-
tants. Our friend, J. _\. Cameron, Crown Lands Agent, come<;
aboard for a trip dO\\'n the river. This is the home of Captain
Fred Elliott. captain of our boat, the" Empress," one of the best-
liked men on the river. \Ve shortly pass the Tlltlrso Tslands, with
their" animal" outlined trees. Look at them from a òistanLe,
and if your imagination is a vivid one, you n 1 ay see many ')d(1

3 26

The Spokes.

shapes of things. vVendover and Treadwell, 35 and 40 miles from
Ottawa, are but stopping places. Along here come in the two
rivers, the 1\ orth Nation from the Quebec, and the South Nation
from the Ontario side. They are considerable streams, and enter
the Ottawa almost opposite to each other.
Papineauville, on the Korth Nation, is a little town, but one
fuIi of enterprise. It has a number of mills. The .l\1isses Chabots
have here a very popular hotel, frequented by mäny OUawans.
vVe next reach the most famous village on the Ottawa River,
made so by reason of its having been the home of the Hon. Louis
J. Papineau, who, though called" The Rebel of I837," did greater
things, possibly, for Canada than any other one man of his time.
Did greater things, or set in motion those things which were after-
wards consummated, by reason of which Canada vastly benefited.
I cannot even touch upon his life, since it has taken many
volumes to outline it, but I can advise you to read of this remark-
able man, who for so many years was intimately connected with
the political affairs of this northern country. The village is

111 ontebcllo.
4 b miles down the river from Ottawa. On the north bank, there is
the Chateau .l\lontebello, on one of the very few old French seig-
niorial establishments existing at the present time, and the ')nly
one in the Province of Quebec. Its former extent was a square
of I8 miles, reaching back and along the Ottawa. The :Manor
House, a large and solidly-built stone structure, may be seen from
the steamer, a short distance west of the landing. Its site was
ideally selected, on a high elevation overlooking the river. It is
reached by a long detour through the town to the Manor entrance,
thence along a densely shaded winding roadway, that calls to mind
the entrance way to some old English castle.
I had been told of the courtesy of its present owner, Louis J.
A. Papineau, son of the great leader, but was not prepared for the
charming manner in which this courtly gentleman received and
entertained me. I am sorry to note it. but the: "\Vell, what can I
do for you?" is the chilling reception too often given one. Oh,
the contrast! The three hours I spent at the Manor will ever be
rcmembered as happy ones. They flew away all too soon, for
what with visiting, going through his library of 5,000 volumes,
selected by his cultured father, looking over rare paintings, and
going through his museum, listening to his entertaining: "This
was picked up at Rome, that at Algiers, and these are some rare
bits from Pompeii," the time for the boat's return came long before
I wished for it. The famous painting of his father, from which
most of the pictures seen have been copied, hangs in his parlor.
It was painted by M -, of Quebec, who died a few years ago,
aged over 80. He has another portrait of his father, at 50; from

Caledonia Springs.

3 2 7

this his present wife, a lady of much beauty and culture, has maùe
a good copy, which was nresented to the province, and hangs In
the Parliament Buildings in Quebec. The portrait of his mother
shows a face of queenly beauty. The library is mostly of classical
and historical books; there are only a few novels, and they of the
best writers. It contains some rare volumes, such as l\lemoirs of
Lafayette, and others of illustrious world men. He has had built
a house separate for his collection of curios. I have never seen
so fine a collection in a private museum as this. He has gathered
from all countries in Europe except Russia. Algiers has contrib:..1t-
ed as well, and what is remarkable, he has few curios but are of
interest. :l\Iany excursionists and tourists visit his museum, as ..)n
each Saturday afternoon he shows visitors through. This day
there were many to see it, some from as far away as New Haven,
Conn., and numbers from Ottawa.
1r. Papineau was among the
political exiles after the Rebellion, along with his father, and spent
two years in New York City in the practice of law. "I remained
long enough," he said, " to kno
v and ever after think well of the
Yankees." This was pleasing to hear.
That visit will ever be a delightful memory. It was one of
those which, in this busy age, are too rarely made, even when the
opportunity is more rarely offered.
On the way to the boat I stopped to see one of the prettiest
churches I have seen in Canada-not a large church, but a very
unique one. I t was planned by :0: apoleon Bourassa, the well-
know architect, a relative of .l\Ir. Papineau.
At ::\Iontebel1o is the Owens Lumber Company. Their mills
are very extensive. Hon. Senator Owens, of Ottawa, is of the
company. The points of interest beyoncllVlontebeJ1o are L'Original,
Grenville, and further on a short distance, though not on the steam-
boat line, is Hawkesbury, a town of 5,000, situated on islands and
the south shore of the Ottawa. It is a very extensive lumbering
town.
L'Original is the county seat of the Counties of Prescott and
Russell. It is here that tourists leave the boat to go back a few
miles to the south to
Caledonia Springs,
a famous resort as far back as in the forties. when \Vm. Park'
r
made them so famous as a resort for Americans. Their fame
waned for years, but is now becoming even greater, as vast im-
provements are being made.
Grenville is the end of the excursion, but many through pas-
sengers take the little cars and go over a unique railroad, 13 miles
long and five feet six inches wide-the only" Broad Gauge" rail-
road in America. They again take the boat, the " Sovereign," at
Carillon, and go on to lVlontreal. Of this part of the trip I have
told fully in The \V andering Yankee, and will not retell it here.

3 28

The Spokes.

There were on board many well known people, among them
1\1r. R. '-tV. Shepherd, Senator J. D. l\lcGregor, of New Glasgow,
N.S.; D. C. Fraser, the jovial 1\L P. (since made a judge), for
Guysborough, N.S.; C. F. :McIsaac, 1\1.P. for Antigonish, N.S.,
seat of the late Sir J olm Thompson; and Alex. Johnson. the youth-
ful member for Cape Breton, N.S. Among others were Hector
Chauvin, a prominent attorney of J\'Iontebello, and :1\1r. B. B.
Keefer, editor of the Ottawa Cit.izen.
Here's the Colonel again, who, as usual, wants to know
" why?" This time it's" why don't you mention the ladies?" I
fear if he were writing this, you'd think that Canada had no men.
The Colonel remained on the boat, and had gone on to Grenville,
and I had much to tell him of the pleasant things he had missed
by not stopping off with me at 1\Iontebcllo.
'-tVe reached Ottawa about 6.30. This was the most pleasant
day's outing I have had in Canada. I may have seen more of
beauty, but for real pleasure, it was the most delightful of all.

Later.-The foregoing was written of a 1903 trip. Shortly
after, 1\1r. Papineau's death occurred. I visited 1\10ntelJello just
in time. The old " country gentlemen" are fast passing, and their
places are being taken by the men who know no leisure. The'11\:'n
of to-day are even in a hurry with their pleasure.

Later.-On Thursday night, Oct. 7th, 1904, 1\lr. David Rus-
sell, the proprietor of the Grand Hotel at the above mentioned
Caledonia Springs, gave there a banquet to his friend, the HOll.
\Vm. Pugsley, Attorney-General of Nova Scotia, which has pos-
sibly never been surpassed in Canada,

A $15,000 Banquet.
for magnificence of entertainment. This hospital millionaire
brought one hundred and fifty of his guests from far away St.
John-the beautiful" city of the sea,"-in a special train of eleven
cars, to which three were added at ::\Iontreal. From Uttawa alhl
other Canadian cities came many prominent friends of 1\1r. RU5--
sell-men who like himself have made their rank in the world of
finance and of State, since they left their early home by the sea.
This banquet, although far surpassing anything of its kind,
in this old hostelry, brought back, in mind, .. the other men and
tht. other days," when the Grand was the mecca of the thousands
who sought perfection of entertainment, and in the hands of 1\.1r.
Russell, those old days will come again.

Ottawa Transportation Company.

3 2 9

THE OTTAWA TRANSPORTATION CO., LIlVIITED.

That day we went down the Ottawa, we saw many long blue
barges going up and down the river, in tows of six to twelve,
drawn by powerful tugs-practically steamboats. On inquiry,
we learned that they belonged to the Ottawa Transportation Com-
pany, whose President is everybody's friend, genial D. l\1urphy,
l\I.P.P. The fleet consists of 80 barges and 6 steamers, one of the
largest on the continent for inland service.
This company carry a large portion of the millions of lumber
that is sawed in and about Ottawa. They take it to Montreal,
Quebec, and as far as Whitehall-the canals being too shallow to
allow them to go farther. The immense size of one of these
barges may be seen by the capacity. They carry as mnch as
350,000 feet of lumber.
l\Ir. Murphy came to Ottawa when a boy of twelve years, and
worked his way up from cabin boy through all positions to captain,
then part owner of a small fleet, finally principal owner of this
great service. He is a director of the Bank of Ottawa, and of
many other large mercantile establishments in the Capital.

33 0

The Spokes.

DESCHENES LAKE.

The Colonel came in one morning in great good humor.
" Rube," he began, " I've heard of one of the finest half-day trips
about Ottawa. Holmden told me about it, and Holmden is aut110-
rity on the beautiful, when it comes to scenic pleasures. He says
that the 26 miles up the Deschenes lake from Queen's Park is full
of interest, and that the falls at the west end of the lake are unique,
owing to their number. Get ready, as the trolley car we have to
take starts at 2 o'clock. It starts from under the Dufferin Bridge."
We caught the car, went out through Hull and Aylmer to
Queen's Park, where the steamer " George B. Greene" was fast
being filled by a merry company of excursionists and tourists, this
being one of the trips the wise tourist takes when visiting Ottawa.
" Half a day for half a dollar."
Weare on and off without delay, as Captain Chartier is a
prompt Captain.
"Hello! Kedey!" "Colonel, that is Mr. Kedey, who owns the
Grand View Hotel at Fitzroy Harbor, where Major Brown, yon
know, told us to go if we wanted a good time and good treatment.
I'm going to get him to point out the places along the lake, as the
:Major says Kedey knows the lake like a book, as he used to run
rafts down the Ottawa. Yes, I'll ask him to tell us all the points
of interest."
II No," desisted the Colonel, for once considerate, "he might
not like to be bothered."
" \Vhat! Why the l\1ajor says that Kedey is never hanoier
than when doing some favor for people."
" All right." And it was. We found him and kept him busy
all the way up. Brown was correct, he did know the Ottaw
. and
particularly the Deschenes Lake (a widening of the river), called,
in 1832, Chaudiere Lake, vide Lieut.-Colonel Joseph Bonchette.
I cannot go into details. I'll give you what there is to be seen,
and the obliging Captain wiII point out the places.
Three miles across and up the lake, we stop at

Berry's Wharf,
with its old stone brewery, now out of commission. This is on
the south, or Ontario side, on which side are most of the stops.
A mile above Berry's,. Kedey asks: " See the little old stone
church? There is
Pinhey's Point,
named for Captain Pinhey, an English officer who came out with
others in the early part of the last century (about 1818). In
hat
church are kept the names of the early settlers. That long stone

Deschenes Lake Trip.

33 1

house was the Captain's home. In front of it, on terraces, are
some little cannon, or we.re the last time I was there."

Smith's Point

is next. Then comes

Armitage's Wharf,
from which we run toward the north or Quebec shore. Looking
through the trees we see
The Dominican Cottage,
u
ed as a summer home for young students of the Dominican
Order.
12 Miles Island
is seen in the middle distance-12 miles to Aylmer, and 12 miles to
Quyon. Hence the name.

Basken's Wharf
is the next on the Ontario side. The lake widens into broad

Constance Bay,
a beautiful sheet of water. Ask the Captain to tell you the
Indian Story
in connection with this bay, No, he may be busy, so I'Ulet Kedey
tell it. He calls attention to Sandy Point, a long point formed by
narrow Buckham's Bay, running in almost paraUel with the larger
bay.
"This locality has a history," began Kedey. "In the early
French days, the voyageurs' only me
ns of reaching the far we
t
was by the OUa wa.

Indian A1assacre.
"On one occasion a large number of these voyageurs were
coming- up the river from 110ntreal, for furs. They would have
nm into an l.ndian ambush, but for a warning given them by a
friendly Indian. He pointed out the camp where the Iroquois
were entrenched, waiting for them. They turned and made a
wide detour, coming up Buckham's Bay, behind the camp of the
savages, and after a short. sharp battle, killed an the Indians, and
went on their way up the Ottawa."
" Say, Kedey," I asked, " suppose the Indians had made that
wide detour, and after that short, sharp battle had killed aU the
voyageurs, would it have been caned a battle?"
" Oh, no; no, indeed, Rube; it would have, in that case, been
a wicked massacre."

33 2

The S þoku.

Bluebcrr'j' County'j'.
This point between the bays is a great blueberry section. Four
square miles is devoted almost exclusively to this berry.
Beyond the next lighthouse, about a mile, you can see far up
toward the east, Buckham's Bay, spoken of above. The scen
ry
all about is very pretty. Across to the north is :l\Iohr's Island Re-
serve, of the Upper Ottawa Improvement Company.

On M ohy' s Island,
with the little houses on the Easterly End, there is a great boom.
Haunted House.
Across to the South, Kedey points out the" Haunted House."
It is so queer how quickly an empty house becomes" haunted."

Maclaren's Wharf.
From the wharf, past a little clump of trees, is pointed out the
birthplace of the late James J\laclaren, many times a .. lumberman
millionaire. "
Quyon.
The only considerable town on the way is reached shortly b
-
fore coming to the Chats Falls. It is a summer resort for many
OUa wans.
"Oh, see," exclaimed a lady, shortly after passing Quyon,
" there comes a town down the lake, drawn by a steamboat! Say,
Mr. Kedey," (all the ladies by this time knew Kedey), "is that
the way you move your towns up here in Canada?"
" .My dear lady, that is not a town; it is a timber raft."
" A timber raft! Why, it looks like a lilliputian town, with
all those tiny houses. Oh, isn't it too funny!" And she made a
note of it. It did look like a lilliputian town, with its fifty houses
for the men to sleep in.
We now came in sight of

Chats Falls.
Be sure to call this H Shaw," else you will be taken for a foreigner
or stranger in " these here parts." As I have said elsewhere, the
river is here three miles across. The Falls are the dropping of
the level of Chats to Deschenes Lake-4I feet. There are q. sepa-
rate falls, some of them very beautiful. There is here a 150,000
horse-power going to waste.
Th
steamboat pa55e5 along in front of th
fin
st of them. giv-
ing the passeng
rs a good vi
w from th
deck. Jmagin
. if you
will, a great dam of rock 41 feet high, three miles long, with here

u The World is Small."

333

and there openings through which the water passes in vast, tumbl-
ing, foaming volumes, and between the openings, tree-covered,
rocky islands, which separate the water into the various falls. The
large one ahead, as a matter of course, Kedey points out as
"Mohr's Island." Then he remarks: "Of course, you notice
there are more of this name than all others," at which the Colonel
decides Kedey shall be fined, but Sayer has nothing stronger than
cream soda. This, the Colonel again decides, is cause enough for
remitting the fine.

Fitzroy Harbor
is the end of the run. We came again on a Wednesday, when the
boat starts at 9 a.m., instead of 2 p.m. On Saturday the boat
does not stop at Fitzroy Harbor, but on Wednesday it stops for
two or more hours, giving the passengers ample time to be ferried
across to Kedey's Grand View House, where a good dinner is
served for 25 cents. This is one of the favorite trips about
Ottawa, and yet many an Ottawan has never taken it. Like
he
Bostonians, who live so near Bunker Hill monument, that they
never visit it. If, however, the people here realized how delight-
ful an outing this is, they would surely take it. \Ve liked it so
well that we acquired the habit, and went often.

It The World is Small."
On coming back down the lake on one of these excursions, I
could not but think, " What a little world this is after all !" I was
attracted to a sweet-faced child-a little girl. I talked with her.
I found her very interesting, and soon learned that she was from
near New York, and was greatly surprised to find in her the child
of an old friend, a near-by neighbor of years ago. I had lost all
account of them, and far away from the old home, here on Lake
Deschenes, in Canada, little Ruth Young lisped the news: "My
papa is dead; an I am at Dranpa's, in Ottawa."

334

The S pooes.

THE RIDEAU LAKES TRIP.

" Colonel," said I, when we reached Kingston, II what do you
think of it?"
"I think that the man who called this the 'Rideau Canal'
should have had anotþer guess. 'Canal' for so much of beauty is
nothing short of libe1."
I will wager that every time you have heard of the Rideau
Canal, you made a mental picture of a ditch, running from Ottawa
to Kingston, 126}4 miles long, with a little tow path on one side,
with a sleepy mule at one end-of a long rope, pulling a long, rakey,
white canal boat. Now, honest, didn't you? I did, and don't 1
blame you. \tV ell , never again think of one of the loveliest bits of
beauty in all Canada as a ditch, for it is nothing of the kind. 1n-.
stead it is a river resembling England's Thames, but wider, con-
necting a chain of magnificent lakes. In places cuts have been
made, and these cuts-aside from that part in and near Ottawa-
are, all told, not over ten miles long. They do not detract, but,
add beauty by contrast with the river and lakes. The Rideau is
historical. Along its banks were the first settlements of this part
of the country. At Burritt's Rapids-or its modern name, " Bur-
ritts on the Rideau "-Stephen Burritt settled in 1793, and where
his son, Colonel Edmund, was born-the first white child in this
portion of Canada. Later Bradish Billings settled on its eastern
bank, near where now Ottawa stands. He was soon followed by
many other pioneers, in N epean, on the western side of the river.
I am seldom at a loss for words to describe what is to be look-
ed upon in Canada, as the very beauty of the scenery enthuses one
to easy expression, but fo!" the Rideau Lakes, I fear that words
would but detract from their real worth. I t is one of those tours
about which there is but one thought or spoken expression, "They
are beautiful!"
Starting from Ottawa, at 3 o'clock, one clear August after-
noon, with Captain Noonan, in the "Rideau Queen," we passed
leisurely along the park-like borders of the canal, where the Park
Commissioner's best work may be looked upon. Never before
had we fully realized the work this Commission is doing, for in no
other way may its magnificence be so well viewed as from the third
deck of the little steamer. And when we think that it has just
begun, we need draw a mental picture of what the miles of park
will be when the trees and rare plants and shrubbery are fully
grown. And that C011t111ission's work is done for lo've of City
alone, for it gets no pay in money.
Not until we have passed the locks beyond the Experimental
Farm does the " Queen" show us her speed, but when we reach
the river she becomes a thing of life, and the tree-bordered banks
fly past as by a railway train.

Kingston and the 1,000 Islands.

335

I do not dare begin a description of what may be seen along
or through the river and lakes to the summit (282 feet higher than
Ottawa) at Newboro vilJage, and on from thence through the lakes,
enchained by the Cataraqui River, to Kingston (164 feet lower
than Newboro village), on the St. Lawrence. 'Twould take a
volume, while I have but space for a running sketch, and yet I
fain would say enough to make you wish to see what we have seen,
knowing that your thanks will be given for inducing you to be-
come a tourist through so much of beauty.
To give you some conception of the lakes, the Big Rideau is
21 miles long, and in places 7 to 8 miles wide. This great lake,
with its hundreds of islands, is, as you may imagine, rarely beauti-
ful. It is like the Thousand Islands in Miniature. Many of
these Islands contain cottages and are much beautified.
There are numerous towns along the way, the most promin-
ent being Smith's Falls, 60 miles from Ottawa. It is an important
railroad junction, and a very enterprising town.
Kingston and the 1,000 Islands.
I would tell you of Kingston, one of the well known cities
of Canada, by reason of its being a great summer resort for
Americans, but I find it of so great importance that I must re-
serve it for a book by itself, and not count it as but a "spoke" to
thÜ: great" Hub." It is a "Hub" itself with its own "spokes,"
lying in the centre of so much beauty in lake and river scenery,
that tens of thousands of our people annually find their way to
this gateway to the Thousand Islands. And yet, I cannot pass
it by without saying a word about its delighful people. They
do make one love their City by their genial manner towards the
stranger, and I do not wonder that the tourist comes and comes
again, year after year, to spend the summer among them Every
""ne with whom you come in contact seems to feel that it is his
duty to make you like his city, and you go away, only to say nice
things about Kingston, and to tell your friends if ever they go
to Canada to stop off and partake of their hospitality, and then
ever after have your friends thank you for it.
Oh, I beg pardon, I came near forgetting to tell you how to
Teach Kingston from the States. This is an important feature,
and in telling it will at the same time put you in the way of reach-
ing any part of Canada by the best route. You are, say, in New
York City, Boston, Albany, or any of the great cities of the State
of New York, or in Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago or other of
the western cities, all you need to do is to take the N ew York
Central train and come direct to either Clayton or Cape Vincent,
N ew York. If by the former you are almost in the midst of the
'I
housand Islands, through which you pass on your way across
the beautiful St. Lawrence to Kingston. From the moment you
get on board the steamer at Clayton, the pleasure of the trip be-
gins. By this direct route you not only see the beauty of the

33 6

The Spokes.

Rideau trip, of which words fail me in describing, but you see
as we.l1 as the Thousand Islands, of whose beauty all have heard
And Just here I must tell you, that which I had known before com-
ing to Canada, and which I warrant you do not know, i.e. the inex-
pensiveness of seeing the Islands. I had often heard of the
Thousand Islands, but had the impression that to see them pro-
perly would be a very expensive matter, but the Thousand Island
Steamboat Company run regular steamers, and for a trifling COit
you may see all parts of the Islands to the very best advantage.
These trips are: (I) The fifty-mile tour by the fast observation
steamer "New Island Wanderer." On this tour you see both
the American and Canadian Channels, passing all the summer rc-
sorts, beautiful residences, historical places, and picturesque spots.
(2) "The Club Ramble," in the steel plate steam yacht " Ram-
ona." By this tour you pass in and out through the intricate
channels, seen only by this narrow shallow-draught little vessel.
These are daylight tours, but possibly the most delightful of
all is (3) the tour by night in the palatial steamer" St. Lawrence."
Nothing like it in all the world. It is spectacular and marvelous-
ly fascinating. The steamer has a searchlight of 1,000,000 candle
power. So intense is the light that it seems to turn night into
day. It flits here and there, searching out the beauty spots, and
framing them in darkness, intense by contrast, making pictures
one can never forget.
No wonder that this island region has been termed "The
Venice of the vVestern Hemisphere!" And yet, thousands of our
people have "raved" over the beauties of the distant scene, who
have never looked t1
on this fairyland so near at home.
These are but suggestions of trips, the details might run to
any length, so much is there of worth to see, on the way from
Clayton to the Capital. Many tourists stop over at Kingston, or
leisurely tour the Rideau lakes, where fishing is so excellent. This
latter fact I know, as the Colonel and I spent three days at one
place, where we caught more bass than we had ever caught before
in any waters. This is one of the tours where the fish stories and
pictures of " one day's catch" may be relied upon.
Do you enjoy a water trip? Let me then tell you how that
after you have visitcd the beautiful Capital City, you may go
aboard the "Empress" to Grenvill
, and at Carillon take the
" Sovereign" and go down the Ottawa-the veritable Grand
River-to 110ntreal, where again you may take anyone of the
many floating palaces of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation
Company, and go down the St. Lawrence to Quebec, and still
again by the same line from Quebec to and up the wierd Saguenay,
of which strange river I have so often told you. If you have the
time, and take this inland tour from Clayton to Chicoutimi, it will
be told, long years from now, to the happy group about your knee,
who will never tire of hearing of when " dranpa and dranma was
to Canada."

II I Always Kiss the Pretty Girls of Ten and Under. n 337

NEW YEARS DAY IN HULL.

We have been told of the cordiality of the citizens of HuH,
and especially were advised to " go to Hull on New Years' Day,
if you would see the hospitality of its people." The Colonel and
J took the advice, and were fortunate in having as our cicerone,
that genial notary, Mr. Henry Desjardins, who was known J.nd
welcomed wherever he went. We had never before met so man v
French-speaking people in their homes as on this occasion; they
were so delightful in their hospitality, and so genuine in their
greeting, that we learned that day what we had missed in not
knowing before, their home life. We shall ever remember with
rare pleasure our N ew Years in Hull.
An old citizen had told the Colonel that among the N öv
Year's customs of Hull, he must expect the ladies to greet him
with a kiss. Now, to you who know the Colonel, it will be no
surprise to hear him say, on his way back to Ottawa that night:
" Rube, I'm a bit disappointed. I'm going to-morrow to hunt t.p
that old citizen, and tell him what I think. 'Greet us with a kiss !'
Why, I only got one kiss all day, and that from a sweet little lady
of thirteen summers, and no winters, if I may judge from her sun-
shine, and I had to take that-I couldn't help it."
This reminded me of once kissing a little girl of ten, saying
at the time: " I always kiss the pretty girls of ten and under."
She turned to a maiden aunt, who stood by, and asked:
" Auntie, how old are you?'
"Auntie" was over ten, and re-
fused to state her summers.

La Guignolée.
New to us, and will be to many of you, is the French custom,
"La Guignolée" (pronounced Ginolee), and yet so old that
Caesar must have known of it. I will first give you its origin, 3.nd
then the pretty custom itself as seen here.
In the time of the ancient Druid priests, in Chatres, in Beauce
and Normandy, it was their (the Druids) custom to gather the
mistletoe, along about the 21st of December, for holiday decora-
tion. They would bless it, and give it out to the people, for their
merry season. That everybody might be happy at this time, gifts
were collected from the well-to-do, on the night before N ew Year,
and distributed among the poor, amid much singing and jollity.
As the mistletoe in French is " gui " (gee, " g," hard as in gorge),
the French for" the Singing of the Mistletoe," is " La Guignolée,"
hence the custom became known as La Guignolée, and a quaint
melody also bears the name, and this quaint melody is always sung
by the band of merry gift distributors.

33 8

The Spokes.

Some weeks before the holiday season, preparations are made,
often on a large scale; food, clothing, or simple gifts are donated
for the occasion by the generous people. These are collected into
large sleighs, the band dress in a peculiar costume, with long
white beards and tall odd-shaped hats, and when all is in readi-
ness, they start on their rounds, singing the quaint melody, from
door to door, often keeping it up until morning. All doors are
left unlocked, for no one knows just where the band may want to
leave a gift, or drop into the house packages of the substantial.
A list has been made out with great care, and the very needy are
always on the list. "The ashamed poor," as the French say, may
also be remembered, but so carefully are the donations made that
even the next door neighbor will not know of it.
Amongst the kind-hearted people of Hull the custom is kept
up from year to year, and so well are all needs known, that few
there be in the whole city but who may in fact have a "Happy
New Year."
Musical Santa Claus.

To the children it is Santa Claus, on a numerous and musical
scale; they all look forward to it as a great event. A gentleman
past middle life said to me, in describing it: " Even to this day I
enjoy La Guignolée. The memory of when, as a child, I stood
waiting at the door for the passing singers, is very dear to me.
The first far-away note, heard on the still night air, was swcet
r
music to my child-heart than I have ever since heard, and as
nearer and nearer swelled that note, until it broke into the quaint
swinging chorus, I vrew ever wilder with joy. Oh, yes, my
Santa Claus was La Guignolée. He brought me naught ":Iut
music, but, oh! the joy of the music!" And he seemed a boy
again, for very joy of memory. "Even now, old as I am," lie
continued, "I cannot hear that melody without a throb of real
heart pleasure," and his voice and face told me how truly he spoke.

Purer French in Canada than in France.
This old custom of Normandy seems so appropriate among
the French of Canada, for from Normandy they both originally
came. Few other parts ever contributed to the New France, and.
the French spoken in Canada is more free from dialects than
France itself, for it is Normandic, and one language. Apropos
of the language, but not the custom in question, I cannot but
speak in passing of what a French writer once said of the many
languages of France. "In the north-east, German and Flemish
are spoken; in Britanny, the Celt is the language in use; in south-
west France, the Basque people know only Spanish; around
Savoy, the Italian is in general use; while in southern France,
about thirteen million French know only the provincial, a sort of

Highest OHices Held by Frenchmen,

339

Latin dialect, and only in Normandy, where originated the lan-
guage, is the true French spoken."
Another point not generally known, is that the French spoken
in Canada is freer from patois than that spoken in Paris, and fur-
ther, the French of Canada is free from all words of slang.

The French in Canada.
Little is known in the States or in England of the French
people of Canada. It has been said that they are the happiest
people in the world. Their home life is simple, and yet full of
the joys unknown to the conventional. In a company of French
each one can do something. It may be to play some musical In-
strument or to recite, while they can all sing, and many of them
have beautiful voices. That day in Hull we heard classical
music better rendered than we had listened to from any other
women pianists since we came to the valley.
The kindness shown in their home life is proverbial, and
withal, the Colonel and I are delighted with them, and would say
even more of these genial people.

Highest Offices held by Frenchmen.
Here is a remarkable fact. The highest offices in Canada are
held by French Canadians They are: The Premier; the Speaker
of the House, Hon. N. A. Belcourt; and the Chief Justice, the
Hon. Elzear Taschereau. The President of the most important
society in Canada-The Royal Society of Canada-is Benjamin
SuIte, one of the ablest historians on the continent. He is of
French origin.
Descendants of the Famous.
Hull has some descendants of families very famous in our his-
tory. l\fr. E. B. Eddy is of the :Miles Standish line, while 11r. .
S. S. Cushman, the Vice-President of the Eddy Company, is a
descendant of Robert Cushman, who not only planned but carried
out the sailing of the Mayflower (1620). Charlotte Cushman
and very many of our foremost in various lines were of this
family.

340

The Spokes.

ARNPRIOR.
Population 4,400.
We saw cattle and horses on our way to Arnprior that morn-
ing, that one might think were from the blue grass lands of Ken-
tl
cky. The Colonel, who is always boasting of Ohio farms, wh
n
he saw this Ottawa Valley, admitted that, "Although not in Ohio,
it's pretty fair land!" Now, as for myself, I never liked the Ohio
farms, in fact I liked them less than in any other State. My ex-
perience with them was not at all a pleasant one. I had to work
on them and it's a sad memory.
We passed the grape lands of the Mosgroves, a few miles out.
Grapes grow here in great abundance, the Mosgroves having
t
irty-five acres in bearing, not far from Britannia Park, on the
rIver.
We pass a number of small towns on the way-none of them
remarkable for-" What is it Colonel?" Oh yes, the Colonel
says I must not forget to mention

Carp,
but now that I have mentioned it he forgets what it is remark-
able for, unless it be the pretty gum chewers who got on the train
that morning. It seemed that all the pretty girls in town were at
the station, and all chewing" wax."

We had heard oft before of a " Carp,"
But thought it a critic with "harp,"
" Chewing" all the day long
On the other man's wrong,
Like a pretty gum chewer of Carp.

*

*

*

*

*

*

We had ne're thought of it as a town,
The home of a Jones or a Brown,
A place with red houses and law,
Where the girls and old maids work the jaw,
Like the pretty girls work it in Carp.
* * * * * *

But levity aside (the above is levity) Carp's 600 people are
all right. They have a pretty little town, a hotel that might well
be taken as a model for many another place in the valley; a 35 0
barrel flouring mill; a bank (Bank of Ottawa) ; two large general
stores; the 1ioses and Sons cheese box manufactory-( the largest
manufacturers of cheese boxes in Ontario, with three mills) ; and
a baseball team that can play ball.

Canadians do not Realize the Real Beauty of Their Country. 34 1

At Galetta five miles east of Arnprior, we crossed the Mis
-
issippi river. It is not so large as ours and resembles it only ill
muddiness and name. It is a pleasure to run across a river or a
name that carries one back home, so will remember with pleasure
Galetta, and it's "Mississippi."
There is a stage line from Galetta to Fitzroy Harbor four
miles to the north, where the J\fississippi enters the Ottawa river
or Lake Deschenes, as here called, where are the Falls.
I may speak elsewhere of Chats (Shaw) Falls, and here
will simply say that to miss seeing them will be your loss. They
are immediately opposite Fitzroy Harbor. The Ottawa river
here flows from Chats lake to Deschenes lake. The river is at
thi: point 3 miles wide and reaches the lower level 41 feet below,
by 14 distinct falls. You may know how fir.e they are, when J
tell you of the man who said to me: "They are far more beautiful
than Niagara." He had not seen Niagara yet, but said he wa:;
going next summer if he got a raise in salary. They are beauti-
ful. Niagara is grand.

So Much of Beauty that the Canadians don't Realize It.
I cannot compare them for you, as there are possibly none
ethers in the world like them. Up here where they have so many
beautiful things all around them, and in all directions, these peo-
ple somehow don't appreciate what they have, and a stranger
might come and go and not be told of things, near by, which at
home he would take a long journey to look upon.
The first thing we noticed in Arnprior were the muddy streets
which recalled the lines of Williams.
" Nan and her man went to Arnprior,
Where they both got stuck in the mire,
They pulled out the man but as for poor Nan
\Vhy on her they used an iron prier."
Williams has quite recovered and has reformed, and as
Arnprior, having just completed a fine system of sewers and water
works, is shortly to build streets and sidewalks second to none
in the valley, we will let the incident drop, and go up town to see
J\fayor Cranston, and ask him about his town. We found him to
be quite the genial gentleman promised by our Ottawa friends.
H(: takes a just pride in his town and people. He set out at once
to show us around.

A Lumber Town.
Th
re is h
r
located one of the larg
5t lumb
r firms in Can-
ada-the J\/fcLachlin Brothers, whos
yards ar
said to b
the mo
t

xt
nsiv
of any private company in th
world. They are a hal f
mile wide, and three miles long with thirty-five miles of railroad

34 2

The Spokes.

tracks. Seven hundred men are employed in the f(
>ur great mills,
which are run part by steam and part by water power from the
:M.adawaska. From 80 to 100 millions of feet are cut annually.
J. R. and A. Gillies, and the Gillies Brothers, are two other very
extensive manufacturers of lumber. Among the other industri
s
are: S. R. Rudd, sash and doors; V. Barnette, sash and doors; C.
l'derrick, boat builder; Dontigny & Hughton, woollen mills; lVlc-
Lachlin Brothers, flouring mills; Arnprior Marble Works, and
others.
Arnprior is the largest shipping point in Eastern Ontario,
outside of the cities. As many as three loaded trains leave in a
day.
The present King, made Arnprior a visit in 1860. He was
entertained by lVIr. Daniel :rvicLachlin, the builder of Arnprior,
the father of the l\lcLachlin Brothers, in a beautiful home ta
picture of which see in the "gallery"), on the hill at the edge of
the town, now occupied by Mr. H. F. McLachlin. It overlooks
the Chats lake. The grounds are parklike and possibly the pret-
tiest about Ottawa, being high above the lake and very carefully
kept. The Prince planted an oak tree, which stands not far from
the residence.
The Indian Grave. A Mem,ory.
Arnprior prides herself on her pretty Tuque Blue Cemetery.
It is a quiet restful place, not far from the lake. In the older part
we saw a stone which marked the grave of a whole family of In-
dians, drowned in 1862. Their names, carved deep into the stone
were most poetical. The Indian name and its translation were
both given :-"She who follows"-113.ng-"Loon;" "She who
c1imbs"-"Morning Star," etc. I never see the word "Loon"
but my mind flies far away to the beautiful lakes in Northern
Quebec, where first I saw the strange bird of that name. It is
a lonely feeling that steals over me, but oh such a restful happy
one. I often live over that tour among the lakes with Phillip and
George as my guides.* I may never again have so dclightft11 a
tour. It was all so new to me. I enjoyed each little part of it.
I caught no fish: I killed no animal. I did not want to fish, nor did
I want to kill, I only wanted to float through lakes of primeval
forest beauty and enjoy nature at its full, and I did. To-day as 1
looked at that grave, that one name stood out and alone. It took
mE- far away to a day when I was happy.

N ewsþaþers.
There are four newspapers here: The Arnprior Chronicle, J df-
ery Brothers, proprietors, and Vv. J. Stiles, editor; The \Veekh-
News, George E. Neilson, jr., editor; The Watchman, Jas. C, \Vili-

.. "The Yankee in Quebec."

A Cordial Little City.

343

iams, editor, and the German Post, Rev. R. P. Christianson, editor.
These newspapers are enterprising and well edited. VVe are in-
debted to each of them for many favors and courtesies.
* * * * * *

M en of Large Heart.
Since writing the above an incident has occurred which must
be recorded. It is one of those incidents for which I shall ever
have a place even though I have to stop the press to tell it.
I spoke of the great lumber firm of 11cLachiin Brothers, lo-
cated in this town. The incident shows that the rich are often
men of large heart. These Brothers closed their mills and
on special trains brought 1,800 of their employees and their fam-
ilie
to Ottawa, for a day at the exhibition, paying every expense
and counting full time for their men on pay day. Is it to be won-
dEred that Arnprior is proud of such citizens! If such as they
were more numerous there would not be the strife between capi-
tal and labor that there is. By such as they the world will be
made better!

*

*

*

*

*

*

I had scarcely chronicled this act of kindness when I noticed
the death of l\Ir. C. l\'1cLachlin, the younger brother. I may for-
get that he had been worth millions of dollars, but I can not for-
get that with all his millions he was kind. -

PEl\IBROKE.
Population 5,400.
A Cordial Little City.
"Colonel, what is the first thing you notice on reaching a
new town?" I asked one day, when the Colonel was in a particu-
IC'_rly good humor. "That's an easy one," he replied. "It is aot
the place but the people. I have seen towns and cities so beauti-
ful that they might have been fenced in and labelled 'perfect,' and
yet I fairly hated their names, and would go out of my way to pass
around them in going through a country. Ko, Rube, it's not the
place but the people. I have seen the people of a town assume the
air of vast importance, and seem to feel sorry for the stranger
who chanced to be thrown among them, simply because the unfor-
tunate was not of their town, when in fact their town itself was
of such insignificance that the only impression it ever made was
the little black spot on the country map."
I said" the Colonel was in a particularly good humor that
day." "vVell," that day" happened to find us in Pembroke, and
I am sure the" good humor " was occasioned by the cordiality ùf

344

The S poke.s.

its people. Kindness goes so far and costs so little, that I often
wonder that it is not more general; nor does it consist in great
acts. It is often the little things that count most. I left the
Colonel at the hotel one morning while I strolled out to see the
town. Going too far, it began raining before I could get back.
A man sitting in his porch hailed me and asked me to come in out
of the rain, and the shower passing, loaned me his umbrella, lest
it rain before I reached the hotel. That evening, on returning the
umbrella, I asked the gentleman for the residence of one living
in his vicinity. He did not point it out as he could have done,
but went with me. I wondered at the time who he was, and was
greatly surprised, later, to learn that he was one of the wealthiest
men in Pembroke, I may never see him again, the chances are
that I never shall, as I have not the time to retrace steps. Will
I remember him as "one of the wealthiest men in Pembroke?
'

o, wealth counts but little to the passing stranger. He loaned
me: his umbrella and went with 1ne to a neighbor's. These little
things are what count. I shall ever love Pembroke for this kinù-
ness of one of her citizens, and, now be honest, my reader, don't
you too, think well of that town? The correct literary writ
r
often finds fault with me for telling the little things,
the common places of life, the human things, but I shall
keep on telling them just the same. They are becoming too few
in this age of the "correct," and I will note the few as I pass
along,
I wished some information, about a place we were passing,
one day on a train. A man sat opposite me in the car, who could
give the information, and I asked it. He gave it, and in another
part of this volume you will find it, and be pleased to get it, for it
is valuable, but ah, how coldly he gave it. I thanked him and he
said I was welcome, but his manner belied his words. That man
waE doubtless "correct," but he was not human, if kindness to
one's fellows counts for humanity. He was not a Canadian, save by
adoption. Would that I might write that which could make the
world happier, and I will try, even though I may but tell the little
things. My "wealthy" friend was not the exception. Courtesy was
general in Pembroke, and you will say the same when you visit that
pretty little city on the southern shore of Lake AlIl1mette.
Pembroke is reached by the Canada Atlantic and the Can-
adian Pacific, 105 miles west of Ottawa.
It has three banks: Bank of Ottawa, F. C. Mulkins, mana-
ger; The Quebec Bank, P. D. Strickland, manager; and Royal
Bank of Canada, Wm. Kingsmill, manager. Two hospitals, three
Public Schools, a High School, a Roman Catholic Separate
School, and a large Convent.

Rube and the Colonel go uþ to U Days 11/ashin/." 345

Industries.
Pembroke has three large saw mills, a 250 barrel flouring mill,
a woolen mill, a scale factory, a machine shop, two foundries and
hvo sash and door mills.
Three newspapers furnish the nc-ws for Pembroke. The
Standard, 'V. H. Bone, editor; the Advocate, 1'1. Ringrose, editor;
the Observer, R. C. 1\Iiller, editor. They have the appearance
oi being well supported and prosperous.
l\Ir. \V. D. Cunneyworth, the courteous agent of the Canada
Atlantic called at the Copeland, (a hotel by the way, which we ca 1 1
most heartily commend both for table and courtesy, from the good
natured Daniel Burns, landlord, to the office boy), shortly aftèr
we reached town and said that we should take the trip

uþ the Allwmette þast Oiseau Rock, to ((Days Washin'."
"Take it," said he, " it is one of the favorite trips of Canada,"
and when that is said one may count on something fine indeed, for
a ,. Canadian favorite" means a good deal, where there are so
many beautiful trips, \Ve had often heard of the Allumette, and
of the Oiseau (" \\'eezah") Rock, but had never known just
where they were, or that they were together. The Allumette is
another of those great lakes in the Ottawa. It is 8 miles wide,
anà 50 miles long, and in places very deep, especially "Deep
River," where it is 400 feet in depth. Now don't forget th<1.t
Allumette is a lake, in front of Pembroke. You may better re-
member it if I tell you that it is another Saguenay river, only
that it is full of islanGs, and has ten or more creeks and rivets
rrnning into it. Among the lath r are the Chalk and the Petewawa,
two very large rivers. ,Most of the streams entcr from the south or
Ontario side, and what is remarkable, the mouth of nearly every
one of them is turned west and enters toward the head of the
lake. Another Saguenay feature is Oisean Rock, which is a mini-
ature Eternity Rock, so familiar to those who have had the good
fortune to see that wierd river.
vVith this introduction, I am going to turn you over to

Caþtain Will lIiurPhy,
of the Victoria. N ow let him talk and you will have nothing to
do, but ask questions. No wonder the Captain is such a favorite
among the ladies, he never tires of answering: "Oh, Captain,
what's that over there?" He mav have answered it a thousand
times before, but you would never -know it from his t!ood natured
reply. "The land you see across the lake to the north ;
\llumette
Island. It is 6 miles wide and 16 miles long. It has a popula-
ti01Ã of 1,200." Ten miles up he points out the Calbute Snye

34 6

The Spokes.

(Channel), and tells you that boats used to go through it before
the locks were broken away. "In places it is so narrow that you
could pick leaves from the trees on either side of the boat. See
that white house at the head of the Island? That is the summer
house of our good Mayor Delahaye. There is Gray's boom, and
is one of the many booms of the Upper Ottawa Improvement Com-
pany, one of whose many steamboats we met a few minutes ago.
There's Joe 0'l\1eara's island. That pretty island you see to the
right belongs to our Pembroke Member of Parliament, Hon.
'fhomas Mackie. There to the left is the Petewawa river, and
that beautiful grove on the point belongs to one of our lawyers,
1\11 r. J. H. l\1etcalfe," said the Captain, just after pointing out the
island of l\ir. George Gordon. " That is Edw. Dunlop's island,
and Whafs that?
Liver)"l1zanr No, why do you ask? n
and the Captain looked surprised.
" Well, I certainly have heard that name in connection with
something about 'livery,' " said I, and the Captain's eyes twinkled
as he replied: "Now, see here, Rube, I'm a very Conservative
man, and while not stingy I am not Liberal enough to give you
anything about tires or other things 'livery,' so don't ask me, out
I was pointing out the islands. There's Darceys, used as a camp
by the Darcey Club of Ottawa." "Hello Charlie!" said he to a
passing launch.
"That naptha launch we just passed belongs to Charlie l\/Ic-
Cool, Member for Nipissing. There is good fishing all along
here. 'That?' That's Windsor Island, Harding and Neopole own
it. That fine island over there belongs to l\1r. W. R. White, the
President of this Steamboat Company. Over there to the left
is King Edward's Island."
" Oh, Captain, what is that funny little thing it has on it?"
asked the pretty girl from Baltimore.
"That 'funny little thing' was once the cabin of the old
Steamer Ottawa," replied :Murphy, who went on pointing out the
islands of Thomas Pink, just at the turn of the channel, C. Chap-
man, Robt. Delahaye, John :McCormick, Kenning and Sutton, A.
Archer, J as. A. Thibadeau and C. L. :l\1cCool. At this time we
were nearing

F ort William,
fourteen miles from Pembroke. This was one of the original
Hudson Bay Forts. There is still standing the little old church
and the Indian burying ground, with large oak trees growing
over the graves. This is a popular picnic ground. There is here
a large summer hotel, The Pontiac, kept by the McCools. Short-
ly after leaving Fort \i\,TiIliam we saw to the left, at the mouth of
éhalk river, a long rocky island with a front almost perpendicu-
lar, too rough for anybody to claim. Now bear in mind I had not
iu any way tried to divide with the Captain the attention of dte

The Captain Nal1'tCs an Island.

347

ladies, but when ]\1iss New York asked, "Oh, Captain, whose
island is that?"
"That don't belong to anybody, but I am going to give it to
Rube here, Rube hereafter that island will be

If The Wandering Y ankee. n
"Oh, why do you call it that Captain?" 11iss Washington
asked. "Because it is such a bluff! Rube, 'chalk' that down
on your chart!" and I didn't speak to the Captain again for full
ten minutes, at which time we all wanted to know, " what is that
hill called over there to the left? " "That is

High View.
It is 20 miles from Pembroke. Here are the summer homes of
many prominent people. Amongst them W. H. Perrott, A. Fosh
r,
A. Johnson, F. Fenton, "V. B. l\IcAllister and D. C. Chamberlain,
of Ottawa, 11rs. R, Dunlop, John Roberts and A. Wright. Ncar
here is the Pontiac Game Club of New York City."
Soon after this, the lake narrows into" Deep River." Up to
the right we see

Oiseau Rock.
\Vhen nearing it, the boat swung in until we could look almost
up its steep sides. "Oh, Captain, where is the 'Old l'dan's Face?' "
asked Miss Brooklyn. "N ow look as we pass:' and everybody
looked up. "Oh there I see it," said l\.1iss Cincinnati who 'Nas
as usual the first to unravel things. Then when it was pointed
out, all could distinguish the face of a long bearded old man.
"On the very top of the rock and running back a half mile,
there is a beautiful clear lake. Here picnic parties often come to
spend the day. Tell me some of you how water gets up to that
lake? " "By capillary attraction, as water is drawn up into a
cube of sugar," answered Miss Cincinnati again, offhand like.
" I thought it came from a higher elevation," remarked l\Ii
s
Iowa. "Yes, so does almost everybody else, but tell me how do
s
enough water get to that 'higher elevation' to supply all these
mountain lakes? No, it is drawn up as I said, by capillary at-
traction, and don't 'happen.' "
Further up there is another rocky point, IVIcQueschen's Rock,
which to me is even prettier than Oiseau. "The Bronson's, of
Ottawa, have a 100 mile Hunting Preserve, over there to the north
on the Quebec side." We pass Schyan's Point to the right and
Robert's wharf to the left nearly opposite, and then Des J oachims
comes in sight, and Des J oachims is the limit, that is the end vf
the lake. I defy you to pronounce that name, I tried and the
nearest I could come to it was

348

The Spokes.

U Days Washin/'
and some of the crowd we found there, looked like they needed it.
Over to the south you see the falls with the old tumble down
bridge, and the two new bridges further up across the beautiful
rapids. :Miles of logs fill the lake at the head, and the steamer has
to pick its way through the stray "floaters." \Ve do not sta.y
long as the obliging Captain had stopped at too many wharves
on the way up, to deliver a letter or take on some trifle for the
settlers. The Captain, the Colonel and others of us, go up to the
htlk hotel, "The \Vhite House," so called from having been paint-
e<.! that color in early days, The name is all that stuck. We meet
here, among others, the Chief of Police and Game Warden, who
tells us that game is so plentiful a few miles back, that moose,
caribou and deer, are like cattle for number. I got his name,
that I might tell my hunter friends, who can write him for parti-
culars. It is Thomas Costello, game warden, Des Joachims, P.Q.
We met here Judge H. K. Downey. He is not the sobcr,
sE'date Judge we often meet with on the bench. "What? " The
Captain wants to know if I see a little old Indian man, and I say
"yes," although he is almost too small to see. " Well, he is
Chief of the Algonquins!" says the Captain, and at once I feel sorry
for the Algonquins. VVe turn round and start back. Father For-
get, a little priest, with his horse and buggy gets on the boat. He
is one of the men whom I should remember. He had a personal-
ity that was most pleasing and could tell a capital story.

The Captain Posted the Letter.
I told how obliging a Captain we had. I was wondering if
there was a limit. There was. VVe were late, and Murphy was
lllaking up all the time possible when far across the lake to the
rig-ht he sighted a signal flag. The Captain said something to
hi111sdf, but rang the bell to turn, possibly a mile out of his way.
\Vhat could it be! It 1nust be important to call a boat so much
out of its course! He ran along side, the hawser was made hst
and the boat stopped. "What is it, quick, I'm late?" "Say,
set" here, Capn, I wantcher tel' post this here letr," said a native.
"I hain't got no stamp but lIe pay yer next time if I happen ter be
down to ther wad when yer pass."
Some of us had thought, up to that minute, that the Captain
might be a Sunday School teacher, but he wasn't. No, the Cap-
tain is not a Sunday School teacher. I don't know just why I think
so, but I am almost certain he is not. (This letter is a fact.)
For the benefit of my fishing and hunting readers, I will
ay
tbat with Pembroke as a starting point, there are few better d.is-
tricts than the one up the Allumette. In all the many streams that
enter the lake, trout are very plentiful, while the lake itself in
places is full of bass, This is the

Ther FanÛI)'cr Deers.

349

Sportsman's Paradise.
I need but refer to a few of the many hunting and fishing cluLs,
who have camps in this section: "The Pontiac," with many
New York members; "The Wedgewood," Dr. J. E. Deacol,
President, Edw. Dunlop, Secy.; "The Caribou," of Ottawa awl
Pembroke, President, James Leach; "The Indian Point," Dr.
Josephs, President, Dr. Kenning, Secretary, Edw. Ryan, Treas.;
"The Oiseau," Robt. Strutt, President, Jas. Fraser, Secy., Josc?h
Summerville, Treas.; "The Nekbong," W. R.
rhite, K.C., Pr
-
sidcnt; and just now is forming the" Idlewild Hunting and Fish-
ing Club," limited to 2S members. They have a 30 mile limit on
the Quebec side, on the Ottawa, northerly from Pembroke. They
purpose building one of the finest hunting and fishing club houses
in Canada. Its President is B. H. Blakeslee, Sec'y-Treas., 1\'lrs.
F. A. Wegner, and 1fr. F, A. Wegner, Managing Director.
We leave Pembroke for Golden Lake, where we take the tra.in
for Algonquin Park.

FROl\1 PEl\;IBROKE TO ALGONQUIN PARK.

We stopped off to fish, at Barry's Bay. Some one spoke of
duck hunting one day when a native said: " Ducks ain't looked
on as game, but if yer talkin about deers then you are talkin,

it Ther Familiar Deer."

Ther deer howsever are too tame. vVhy," said he, as he took
a fresh chaw, "ther deers hereabouts gits, too familyer, altergc-
ther too familver. Why, strangers, up ter :ð1edderwasky, wher
ther train stops ter eat, ther deers have got ter know it as an eaten
place, an they come an eat beranners, an apples right out er ther
passengers hans, fact strangers, oh, yes, ther deers in them pans

s altergether too familyer. Git any fish? Why," said he look-
ai some four pound trout we had caught that morning, "them's
nuthin but minners, we throws such is them back in the water kr
grow. It's a shame ter take sich pore little fish," and that too,
wht:n the Colonel and I, had been calling ourselves " the mighty
fishers of Barry's Bay." After the native had told us about how
numerous and "familyer" the deer were at l\Iadawaska, (22 miks
west of Barry's Bay) where the train stops for refreshments, we
were quite anxious to be going on, after a week of delightf111 wan-
dering. Yes, we were anxious to see "them familver deers at
1ed-
derwasky," and hurried away so that we could feed" them ber-
nanners an apples outer yer hand." \Ve had seen many d
er
around the Bay, and although not in hunting season, yet thev were

35 0

The Spokes.

too wild" ter eat bernanners outer yer hand," and I could not get
, a snap shot of the Colonel in the feeding act. N ow we were go-
ing to see deer, that could be snap-shotted at close range. I had
a number of captions selected for the picture; ';the Colonel feeds
the deer at l\1adawaska," " Fifty minutes for refreshments," "The
familyer deer," "Not afraid," and a number of other suitable
names.
When we reached

M adæwaska J
13 0 miles west of Ottawa, and the half way point to Depot Har-
bor, we hurriedly finished our dinners, laid in a supply of "bern-
nanners" and apples and started to find the" familver." We
had hardly hoped to find them, but we would try. the Colonel
went in one direction, I went in another. I was the first to find them,
and called to him. When he came running up, I was feeding two
pretty animals, a buck and a doe. I won't tell you what the Col-
ond said, when he saw me in front of a wire pen feeding" ber-
nanners to them familyer deers," but from his remarks I don't
think it would have been pleasant for the native of Barry's Bay
to have been there.
Madawaska is the end of the Division. Here ends the east
and begins the west, to Depot Harbor, (pronounce this Dep-o).
Before the railway opened this country, Madawaska was the enù
úf civilization. This is in the centre of a great lumbering dis-
trict. Not far from here is where the now famous J. R. Boot!1,
builder and principle owner of the Canada Atlantic, purchased
his first timber limit. "Colonel, did I ever tell you about Booth's
start ? You know of his marvellous rise in the lumber, steamboat
and railway works, but I don't believe I ever told you of his start.
It reads like another
Aladi-n Story.
" J. R. Booth was a farmer boy in the Eastern Townships,
Province of Quebec. His father wished him to become a farm
r.
J. R. had other notions. Just what those notions were he did
not then know; but anything rather than to follow the plow. He
left his h0me. His first work was to help on the building of lhe
old fashioned railway covered bridges. He did not then have
enough even to pay for a few tools, and had to borrow them until
pay day. When he reached Ottawa, he found work in a milt,
where he remained for a few years. In the meantime a monied
man had seen in young Booth, a peculiar ability. There was a
timber limit to be sold-the one near here- a limit of I SO square
miles. The capitalist told Booth, 'buy this limit and I will put
up the money for you.' He meant that he would furnish the
money if the limit was bought within a reasonable price. l\1r.
Booth sent out men to estimate the quantity of timber on the

Booth's First Limit.

35 1

land. The day before the sale was to be held, was an anxious
day for him. His prospectors had not returned, and he fear
d
they might not reach Ottawa, in time, but at 2 o'clock on the very
morning of the sale, they came in. Their report was that the
timber was almost without limit. 'Trees standing like grass for
number, and in quality unexcelled.'

The Sale.

" Buvers were there from far and near. Others too had sent
prospectors and knew the wonderful growth of that 150 square
miles. The bidding became brisk. Capital met capital, and the
price rose higher and higher. No price was bid but what
it met a raise. Soon all the bidders were known to the excited
crowd. 'All?' No, not all. There was a silent bidder who
winked his bid. '\Vho was he? ' The face of each man
in the room was closely scanned, but the silent one was nut
detected nor suspected. 'Fraud,' cried an anxious bidder. 'No
fraud!' answered back the auctioneer, 'all bids are honest.' One
after another of the bidders dropped out, for the price was gOillg
far beyond reason, as they thought. '$30,000, who says $35-
ooo? Thirty-five I have.' 'Thirty-six,' slowly came a bill.
'\\-"ho makes it forty thousand?' Scarce was it asked till he ran
on 'forty I have;' 'forty-one,' followed the slow bidder; 'forty-two,
forty-three, forty-four, going, going. Forty-four. $45,000, last
call. Sold to J. R. Booth.' Had a thunder clap from a clear sky
sounded at that moment, it would not have struck that crowd with
the same consternation as did that, 'Sold to J. R. Booth!' 'He
cannot pay for it! \Ve have been defrauded of our rights!' The
auctioneer in slow measured words replied: 'The limit is sold to
J. R. Booth, and he can pay for it! '
"When his capitalist-who was at the sale, and had wondered
why Booth made no bid, as he thought-found that he was in'
for the $45,000, he said many things. Among others, 'I will give
you $10,000 cash, if you will throw up the sale and let me off.'
'N 0,' came the wise answer of the future lumber king. 'No, you
could not buy me off for all vou are worth! That limit is a fortune,'
and so it hãs proved. FoT" forty years th. Booth has been cut-
ting from it, and to-day it is valued at more than one mi11ion and
a half dollars. It was the start, to-day, J. R. Booth, who ldt
home for 'something better than farming,' has 6,000 square
miles of timber limits, nearly five times the size of our
Rhode Island, larger than Connecticut, and almost as large as the
State of Massachusetts. He has a line of steamers carrying mil-
lions of bushels of grain, with elevators scattered over hundreds of
miles to hold that grain, and lumber mi11s where an anny of men
are employed in sawing over 100 million feet per annum. All
these, not to mention a railroad of over 500 miles long (since sold

35 2

The Spokes.

to the Grand Trunk, for $14,000,000), and many other inditstries,
anù the whole running under a system marvellous for its perfec-
tion. His wisdom is shown in the selection of the young men of
ability with whom he is surrounding himself. Each knows well
his part and does it. There now, Colonel, you have in part the
life story of one of the most remarkable business men on the con-
tinent."
The Colonel gives his last apple to the" familyer deer," and
we go back to the station, to interview any Madawaskan we ma.y
find with a bit of information to impart. We find one and ask:
" What do you know that we don't? "
"From your question I would hope, I knew a good many
things." There, we gave him the advantage and put him at his ease.
Then he told us the fish and game resources of his district. Said
that in the hunting season there were many black bear, deer,
- and much small game, especially partridge, while as for fishing-
like all other places-l\1adawaska is the best. Pointing over to
the Opeongo Hills, a little north west, he said that Gov. E. C.
Smith, of Vermont, had a hunting lodge on Victoria lake, a beau-
tiful bit of clear water, three by five miles in extent, " and," saId
he, straightening up, "this country must be all right to draw a
Governor, and a Vermont Governor at that." He seemed to
think that" the Ohio of the east," was quite a State, and it is, if
stalwart men and bright women can make it so. This may seem
a long talk, but did you ever think how much can be said in "fifty
minutes for refreshments?"
Beyond l\1adawaska, the Madawaska river is in sight most
of the way. to
Whitney,
fifteen miles beyond. If we had that river it would be utilized,
and it would be invaluable for mills, along its whole course, as it
is a series of rapids, with here and there a lake. vVhitney is c:it
the outlet of Long Lake. The St. Anthony Lumber Company, lo-
cated here has built up a considerable town. I t was named ror
the millionaire brother of the leader of the Conservative party in
Ontario.
Here is another excellent trout fishing section, but why men-
tion this when one might cast a "fly" into almost any stream or
lak{. along the Canada Atlantic, throughout the whole 200 miles
of Lakeland, and go home with proof of any" fish story" one
might wish to tell! It is indeed a land conducive of truth, for
there would be no reason for the fisher's imagination.

A Biograph Picture.
When you went to the Biograph Picture Show, wha.t did you
most enjoy? Were I asked this question I would readIly reply:

Algonquin N alional Park.

353

'õ That railway scene, showing a section of a beautiful country."
Were that scene to be photographed on this road it would require
a film reaching from
ladawaska to the Georgian Bay, as it is all

o beautiful that no part of it could be left out, and one wouid
not grow tired. The scenes are ever changing, like as in a kalei-
doscope. One, who has never seen the like can form no concep-
tion of the beauty through which this road runs. It is not cul-
tivated, it is just wild and beautiful!
One more station, Rock Lake, and then we are in the little
known

Algonquin N alional Park,
so little known, that we are going to stop off at Algonquin Station,
and take you over one of the numerous tours that can be made
through this wondrous land of changing beauty, and if you can
conceive from a pen picture, just a little of the real, then I will
feel amply repaid for trying to tell you what here may be seen.

ALGONQUIN NATIONAL PARK.

"Rube," said the Colonel, one night as we sat in camp on
the banks of Burnt lake, the prettiest bit of water we have yet
seen in Canada, "you are certainly the most fortunate traveller
I ever knew. You always meet the right man in the right place."
Now I'll tell you just how it all happened and to what the Col-
onel referred.
"The right man," was Donald Ross, and "the right place,"
wa
on the train just as we started from l\ladawaska after the
"50 minutes for refreshments." All morning I had been asking
Conductor Robertson" what more do you know of Algonquin
Park?" until the poor man grew tired of telling me of the things
that he had heard. So when Donald Ross, one of the ten Park
Rangers, got on the train, at l\ladawaska, the Conductor took me
to him and said: "Here is a man who knows all about it. I
know nothing, but Ross knows the Park as a book," and so it
proved. Ross was on his vacation and I met him "in the rignt
place," for by the time we had reached the Algonquin Station lle
had excited my curiosity to see "The most unique Park in Canada
if not on the continent."
"I am just through my vacation and I can go with you or
rather you can go with me on my rounds, and as my next tour
is by far the best one of them all, you will be fortunate in seeing-
it."

354

The Spokes.

Where and What is Algonquin Park?
I will tell you a few things about the Park, before starting to
see it. It is a vast tract of lakeland set apart by the wise men of
Ontario for all time, "for the benefit and enjoyment of the people."
It is a reserve nearly 2,000 square miles in extent. Nearly half
the size of Connecticut. It lies east of Georgian Bay, about 75
miles (to the western limit of the Park) and the southern limit
is nearly 100 miles north of Lake Ontario. Its eastern limit is
156 miles west of Ottawa, and its northern limit is a few
miles south of the Ottawa river. There you have the location,
Its elevation at the station is 1,837 feet.

The Birthplace of Rivers.
Here begin their meanderings, many rivers, some of them con-
siderable in size. I know of no section of country where are
found so large a number of streams as start in Algonquin Park.
Here head the North river and the East river. I've since told this
to aNew York man, one whose geography is readily mixed. '<Is
that so? I never knew just where our two rivers started. I
knew it was up north or down east somewhere, but I never before
knew it was in Algonquin Park in Canada, but say hold on Rube,"
as an idea percolated, "how do they get across the Mississippi?"
"By viaducts, Knicky, viaducts!" and he went on making
money as though he had not been stopped by so insignificant a
thing as geography.
The l\luskoka, Severn, 1Iadawaska, Bonnechere, Amable du
Fond, Petewawa, Magnetawan, South, and other rivers, have thcir
birth in Algonquin Park. They run east and north to the Ottawa,
and south and west to the Georgian Bay. We cross the divide on tÍ1e
railway. The waters part, one to the east, the other to the west.

The Land Half Water.
Had I visited Algonquin Park, when I was an Irishman, I
certainly should have said: "The land up here is half water."
Besides the many brooks, creeks and rivers, there are countless
lakes, small and nameless up to the great Opeongo, the Cedar and
the Tea. 1,000 lakes and some of them not yet counted.
The Opeongo is nearly 20 miles long and lies in four town-
ships. Here was the burial place of the once great tribe of the
Algonquins, now almost unknown, save by name.

A Paradise for Wild Animals.
Noone is permitted to shoot any game. This fact has been
sent broadcast with the result that the animals having read an
account of it simply laugh at man, who must needs see, but not

Rube and the Colonel Tour the Algonquin 355

molest them in their lazy abundance as he passes from lake to
portage and portage to lake again. They are increasing in num-
ber very fast.

The Start.

It was a bright July morning. You, who live far to the south
cannot realize that up here the sun rises only a few minutes after
4 o'clock, and it is light at 3.
To write of

The Tour of Algonquin
in detail, would require a large book, and yet in that book there
peed be no dull pages. But in this I must vaguely touch here and
there, giving you the barest outline of the way.

The 0 utline.
Look at that map and follow the course we took. .hven though
it be a good map it will show but few of the thousand or more
lakes therein. To give them all would hardly leave room on the
map for the land. Algonquin Park Station, is the headquarters
for the ten rangers. Here are three fairly good houses (new).
We drop the canoes into Cache lake, near the Station, leave
it at its westerly side, through a small stream to White lake, short
portage to a nameless lake, another portage to Little Island lak
,
so called from a pretty island that stands in the centre. From
here to Smock (sometimes called Smoke) lake is a portage of
three quarters of a mile. This is a long lake and nearly a mile
wide to where you cross to a branch (North River) of the 11us-
koka river, down which we canoe to South Tea lake. From here
go almost directly north passing :I\Iink lake to Canoe lake, fairly
good size. Here is Gilmour's log camp. N ext up another branch
of the 11uskoka to the Joe lakes, Big and Little. Portage half
mile to a small lake, next to Island lake. This is another
large lake, It is very beautiful having in places along the edge,
sand beaches. By this tour we have formed two sides of a l
i-
angle, and are almost directly north (10 miles) of Cache lake our
starting point. From Island lake we canoe through to the two
(Big and Little) Otter Slide lakes. Will tell you in another
place of the otter seen here. Near by, where we pass out of Is-
land lake, there is a Ranger's hut, a shelter for both the rangers
and the travelling public. I had better say the fishing, sightsee-
ing public. In the Park, there are near 50 of these huts. Here-
abouts is where the waters divide, the 11uskoka to Georgian Bay,
the Petewawa to the east to the Ottawa river. From the second
and larger Otter Slide lake we reach White Trout lake, by Otter
slide creek, on which there are five portages. owing to the rapids
or falls along it's course. White Trout lake is large and beauti-
fd. By a shon portage from its north end we reach the Pete-

35 6

The Spokes.

wawa river, which is more a lake than a river, and is called Lon-
g
:r lake, though not named on the map. Before reaching Red
I me lake, we make two short portages around two considerable
falls. We canoe through Red into Burnt lake, the two seeming out
one, so wide the passage. I didn't intend to stop in this outline,
but the beauty of Burnt lake is too great not to more than men-
tion it. I must emphasize its beauty. Do you remember my
dfscription of Lake Bouquet or Shadow lake as I called it in "The
Yankee in Quebec?" Up to now, Shadow lake had no equal, but
with its many islands, Burnt lake is more beautiful. We reach
another shelter hut at the northerly outlet of Burnt Island, and
by a short portage go on to Perley's lakes, thence down the river
(the Petewawa) on which there are three portages around falls
or rapids, to Catfish lake, so called because there are no catfish
in it, so Ross said.
Turtle Rock.
Don't let me forget to tell you of the strange rock seen on
the easterly side of this lake. A rock weighing possibly 35 tons,
raised up about one foot, and sUDported by three rock pedestals. Did
the Algonquins do it or was this once the home of pre-historic
man? By man this rock most certainly was placed where it is.
It looks at a distance not unlike an enormous turtle, hence the
name.
From the north-easterly outlet of Catfish we pass by a short
portô.ge to Narrow lake, from which by a portage of over
a mile, we reach Twin or Spectacle lakes. The
river at this point is full of cataracts, some of them falls of 50
or 60 feet, and surpassingly beautiful. Trout fishing is here as
good as we found. It is almost a succession of falls for five miles
The fall from one to the other of the Twin lakes is especially
fine. After passing the lower Twin, we go a mile in canoe, where
we come to a portage of half a mile, to Cedar lake. Where the
rivcr enters the lake, there is another 50 feet fall and pretty
rapids. Here Ross caught a speckled trout, that measured 24
inches long and 1 3
inches girth. I would not tell this here,
even though I am remarkable for my truthfulness, were it not for
the fact that W. F. Thompson has the skin of this fish tacked up
on his boat house at his beautiful Rose Point Resort near Parry
Sound. Thompson may try to make you believe it's one of his
big salmon trout caught in the Sound, but I hardly think he will
as I have called his resort" beautiful." I have again been truth-
ful on purpose that he will bear me out on Ross's big fish.
Cedar lake is nearly 12 miles long and possibly 2 miles wid
.

. Turn in the Tour.
According to the map scale we are now 24 miles north and
15 miles east of starting point. We begin to return. There is

u Oh well, Seein' its You we won't Cou,nt tJâs Tin
e.n 357

another tour, going up Cedar lake and far across to Big Tea lake
in the north-western part of the Park, but we have not the til11

to take it. I may in another place give you some extracts from
the pen of an able writer who took the tour last year. But to
continue, we leave Cedar lake by its south-easterly end-wh
re
we find a shelter hut-going down the Petewawa, by several short
portages to Trout lake. (Shelter hut near entrance to lake.)
All along these portages the trout fishing is excellent. From
Trout lake we turn westerly up the Little l\Iadawaska river by
several portages to Phlilip's lake, next to Hogan's lake, anothër
of the larger lakes, at the easterly end of which we turn south .11ld
take the longest portage of the tour (over 3 miles) to Crow lake,
From Crow lake there are two routes to get back to the railway;
one easterly, down the Crow river, to Lake Lavieille and from
there through other lakes, streams and portages, but the portages
are longer. \Ve chose the one from Crow lake to Proulx lake,
írom which by two portages we reach the Great Opeongo, the
largest of all the lakes in the Park. It is really three lakes
though called but one. It might seem to some to be like an 111-
land sea, it is so large. As before stated it lies in four townships.
It Ü: deep and has fine sandy beaches, here and there, for bathing.
From the extreme (south) end there is a portage of one and
a half miles to the first of five little nameless lakes, through
which, by the several portages to Lake of Two l{i,'ers whe1"e
we reached the railway.
The trip has taken us two weeks, but so full of the delight-
ful that we can scarce believe the passing of time. \Vhen one
thinks of the wasted weeks often months, spent at some fashion-
able sea shore resort, where one sees but the rivalry of wealth,
and then in contrast comes to enjoy a bit of inexpensive pleasu
-e
like a tour of The Algonquin, it makes one wonder how great will
be the number of happy pleasure seekers coming here, when once
they learn of the beauties of The Algonquin. I said "inexpdlsive,"
why the whole cost of the outing is not much more than living at
home.

The Little Cost of Outing.
Here is what we took for four of us. in our two canoes. Rnss
and I in one, the Colonel and Bob Balfour in the other. Four
pairs of blankets, 1 frying pan. 1 tea pail, I boiling pot. 4 drink-
ing cups, 4 plates, knives, forks and spoons, I bag of bread, 1 box
of biscuits, 10 lbs. of chesse, SIbs. of tea, 2 Ibs. of coffee, 20 Ibs.
of breakfast bacon, 2 lbs. of corn meal, to roll the fish in before
fryine-, 1 bag of salt and pepper, 6 cans of condensed milk, 6 cans
of tomatoes and liquid refreshments for Ross, Bob and the Col-
onel. "\Vhat! Oh \vell, scein' it's vou we won't count this time."
These, with the delicious trout, whrch we take from the water at
almost any point throughout the tour, supply-with an appetite,

35 8

The Spokes.

that one always finds in the woods-a menu that a Newport chef
could not surpass.
Incidents of the Tour.
Go back to the Otter Slide lakes, and if you are very still you
may see the otter, like playful children, .. sliding down hill 'belly-
buster.'" These slides are along the banks of the lake. They
are sometimes fifteen or more feet high, and worn as smooth as
ice. The otter crawl up the bank one after another, and take
turns sliding down, until the little grooves, from oft use, by the wet
bodies, become very "slick." No children could enjoy the
sport more than do these otter. Being protected by law, these
valuable fur bearers are becoming very numerous.

Beaver Dmns.
Between Otter Slide and White Trout lakes, we saw two
beaver dams three to four feet high. They are built with sticks
and stones, cemented together with mud, and so well have these
little architects done their work that no water can "seap" through.
The beaver, like the otter, are increasing fast. There are many
other dams throughout the Park.

111 oose and Red Deer
are seen so often, especially the deer, that one soon takes little
note of them passing.

Rube Wants to Shoot.
I shall not forget my excitement when I saw my first deer.
I had taken a gun along. I don't know why, but I took it. "Oh
let me shoot at that deer," said I.
"No, it's against the law! said Ross. "It's against the law
to kill any animal inside the Park limits."
"Kill? I didn't ask to kill it. I only asked to shoot, at it.
I wouldn't hurt the poor thing." But Ross never having seen
me shoot would not consent. I was so sorry as I should have
liked so much a shot, that morning. Later on the deer became
so plentiful that to shoot at them would have seemed like going
out to a farm barnyard and shooting at the cows. It would not
have been even the semblance of sport.

The Lost }vI edical Students.
At Catfish lake we found five medical students from Toronto.
I say "found," for they hd.d been lost for two days. They had
started out without guides and gotten as far as "Turtle Rock," when
we found them sitting 'round, singing and seemingly as happy

That Night at Shelter Hut.., The Scotch Preacher's Story. 359

and content as though on their own camping ground. They told
us that they had just solved the mystery of Turtle Rock, and pro-
ceeded to give us their solution. It must be correct as medical
students, especially in their first year, are remarkable for thcir
gift of solution.
"Once upon a time a million or two years ago" the red
headed student was saying, "there lived in Algonquin Park a
tribe of giants, who, by way of pastime, used to go about placing
these rocks upon pedestals. This we know for here we see one
of the rocks, which is proof positive of our solution." Then theý
sang: "For he's a jolly good fellow," and forgot all about being
lost. \Ve set them on their course, gave them a map and some
bacon, and would have given them some of the liquid refreshments
but by this time Ross, Bob and the Colonel had made that quite
impossible.
Possibly the jolliest night of our tour was spent at the shel-
ter hut at Burnt lake, the beauty of which lake I have already
briefly told you. For miles around its banks are a dense mass
of virgin pine, with here and there islands standing boldly out
of the water, beautiful in their green. To see this one lake were
worth the trip, but then as to

That Night at Shelter Hut.
Just here, I will say, that the shelter huts are built of logs
and are 14 x 16 feet. They contain a stove, a table and bunks
for six people with room on the floor for a number of spruce twig
beds, if needs be and that night there was need.
Wernet here a party of six tourists, two CanadÜ:.ns, a Scotch
preacher, an Ohio man, one from Kentucky and the Doctor from
Vermont. We sat out in the open until far in the night telling
stories, singing songs and talking of the delights of The Algoll-
quin. The stories of the Yankees were nearly all old ones, but
those of the Canadians and the Scotch preacher were new, at least
new to me.

u Would hev Added Ten Yere ter My Life."
" Apropos of the great healthfulness of Canada," began th

Canadian Doctor, " there was a man who had long lived in New
York State, near the Canadian line. That is he thought he. lived
in New York State, but along came the International surveyors,
straightening the line between the States and Canada. The re-
sult threw our old farmer over a mile into Canada, convert-
ing him from a Yankee into a Canuck. A year later, one of his
former N ew York neighbors meeting him asked: '\Ve11 how <10
you like the change? How do you like living in Canada?' 'Like
it? Like it fine! I had alays herd thet it were a healthy coun-
try, and now I know. Why me 'en my fambly were never so

3 60

The Spokes.

helthy as we hev bin in the past yere. Why I do think ef thet ar
line hed bin rUll et first it would hev added ten yeres to my life."
He was nay Sic a FuZe, or Sandy the Bonesetter.
"Doctor," began the Scotch preacher*, "that's a pretty fair
8tory, pretty fair, but let me tell YOll one about the old Scotch
woman, who did nay believe in you high-fa-lutin' doctors. One
day her little boy, Donald, fell from a tree and broke his leg. She
found that a doctor must be had quick, no time to lose, so she had
to send for one of you. The leg was set, but the poor woman
just knew that it would never get 'weel.' 'Oh dear,' she moan2d,
'ef ony we cud have had Sandy the bonesetter, Donald wad shure
racover, but tham ha-fa-Iutin' doctors are nay gud, and Donald
may dee.' But Donald did 'nay dee,' and was soon able to be put
into a wagon with a goodly supply of bedding and driven over
the mountain to Sandy, the 'bonesetter.'
"All the way over she told Donald what a wonderful man
was Sandy. How that he knew all about bonesetting. 'l\ly, ha
con til by tha luk 0 the sken aul aboot the fracture! Ah, sarry
the dee ha war nay thare whun et was bruk.'
"Along about noon they reached Sandy's the 'bonesetter.'
Donald was carefully lifted out, taken in and laid upon a cot.
The old lady told Sandy how sorry she was that he had not be
n
near enough to be called when the accident happened, then told
h1111 to examine the 'laig' while she held the horse. In due time
Sandy reported that the 'laig' was in a fair way of recovery, and
Donald was placed back into the wagon and the happy mother
started home, loud in her praise of the wonderful knowledge of
Sandy. All the while sh
kept asking Donald, oded' a examine
it weel?' 'Aye mither!' 'Ded a press on hard?' 'Aye mither!'
"And so they ran on, she inquiring into all the details of the
examination, and Donald answering to each question, '^ ye
mither.' "\Then they reached home, poor Donald had to answer
all the questions over for the benefit of the family. Finally some
one said, 'oh poor Donnie huw it must have hurt to hav Sandy,
the bonesetter, press say hard on tha poor lem!
" 'Hurt! Hurt r said Donald with a smile, 'It did nay hurt at
all. I was nay sic fule to shaw he em th sair laig.'"
We all accorded to this story telling Scotch preacher the hon-
ors of the evening. He was moreover a singer, almost as good
as
A Wade or a Fraser, the WarbZers of No. 16.
Those who have heard these warblers, can fully appreciate the
qualities of his wonderful voice. It was full of technique. I think
that that was what it was full of. I don't know just what it
means, that's why I use the \vord, in the hope that it may be COï-

* The dear old man has f;ince died.

Burnt Lake. The Penzbroke Hunter's Story. 361

rect, as none of the set phrases will fit the st) Ie of voice belonging
to those singers, and did I use them you might guess that I do not
know anything about music-and guess rightly. It finally came
my turn to "sing, tell a story or treat." As I could not do the
fil'st, and as Ross, Bob and the Colonel, had made the last impos-
sible, I had to tell a story, so I told

The Pembroke Hunter's Story.
One that had been told me only a few days before. It was
one I could not have believed myself had I not had each part of
it verified to my own eyes. It is but a sample of story often i e-
lated in this land of great fishers and hunters.
" We had not been having very good luck fishing that morn-
ing," said the Pembroker, "but we moved the canoe down about
one hundred yards and started in to 'whip,' well sir, you never
saw trout snap the fly like them trout snapped it at that new hole.
In less than ten minutes we had thirty as fine five pounders as
you ever saw. Here's one of them I had mounted," and there
on the wall of his dining room he showed me the fish. I twas
a fine specimen. "The rest," said he, ., were even finer." He
took another drink--of water-and continued, as he started to-
ward the parlor. "By this time I had grown tired of fishing and
paddled the canoe out to the bank. Picking up my rifle-here's
the rifle," said he, showing me a most Sa'i.,'age looking gun, still
verifying his story as he went along. "We started up the bank,
when I saw two fine bucks in exact range. I am very quick and
up went my gun like a flash. I fired and brought them both down,
shooting both through the head, and here are the heads." And
there were the heads, one on either side of the large hall. "But
a strange thing occurred when I fired that shot. There were two
partridges sitting on a limb almost in exact range with the bucks.
well, sir, you may imagine my surprise, when I saw both of them
drop. I picked them up, put them into my game bag and went
on to the bucks. I did not think about the birds any more until
I reached home, when I found both alive, they only having been
stunned by the passing bullet. Here are the two birds. Now,
honest, ain't they fine?" I had to admit that they were beauties.
,: \Vell, after we had hung up the two bucks," he continued, " the
old. guide said, 'say, I have a bear trap set over here to the left
near a little creek, let's go over and see what may be in it.' 'vVe
went over, and bless you there was as fine a bear as you ever saw,
fat and full of fight, but I soon fixed him. I was by this time
tired out with good luck, but the old guide said, 'I have another
bear trap down by the big pine, let's go see what's in it.' vVe
went and sure enough there was another bear, and here are lhe
two skins. I had 'em both tanned for parlor rugs." And there
sure enough were the two bear rugs on his large parlor floor. It

3 62

The Spokes.

was very hard for me to believe his story, but what was I to do,
when, as I said before, he verified each part of it, by the proof to
my very eyes,*
Nobody said a word, but one after another filed off to the hut,
and left me sitting alone. I have since often wondered why that
little gathering on the banks of Burnt lake, came to such a sud-
den silent ending, but I shall never forget the pleasures of that
night. I shall never hear any of those songs sung, or the stories
told, but what they will carry me back, in sweet memory to Al-
gonquin Park in Canada.

PARRY SOUND.

Were you ever in a town and felt all the while that you were
in a city? Well that's the feeling one has when in Parry Sound.
There is something in the place that makes one feel that this
town of 3,000 people is a thriving city. Everybody seems pro-
sperous, and there is an air of business about their manner that
is pleasing.

Fair yVages TVill Keep the Boys at Hon'le.
I sought the reason and found it, and can you guess what I
found? It is one, that might be well for many another Canadian
city to look into, and stop its young men from seeking homes in
a foreign country, rather than staying to help build up their own
land. Parry Sound pays fair wages, that is why it has the air of
prosperity. I was told that it pays better wages than is paid 111
any place of its size in Canada. This may not be true, but it does
pay good wages, and is in a fair way to become a city of large
proportions. It has the location, both as to railroads and ship-
ping. Situated in a shelter harbor with lines of steamers plying
in all directions, it cannot but in due time command a vast traùe.
" \\There is Parry Sound?" As usual I began talking about
it rather than first telling you where it is. \Vell, in the first place
it is on a sound of the same name running in from Georgian Bay,
some 18 or 20 miles. It is at the mouth of the Seguin river, a
considerable stream that furnishes a large power for mills, besid
s
being used for bringing in vast quantities of logs from a wide
range of country along and tributary to it. It is 260 miles almost
due west of Ottawa, and 140 a little west of north of Toronto.
It is the County seat of the County of the same name. It is about
4 0 years since it was started. The Gibsons first owned the land,

* This !';tory. almo"t a" I lu\Ye told it. was related to me in Pcmbroke as true, and
the man had not been dl'Íllking- anything but water-cither.

The Parry Sound U Wink."

3 6 3

but Wm. Beatty known as "The Governor," purchased all that por.
tion west of Seguin river, and laid out the town, as it is.

Dry Deeds and U the Parry Sound Wink."
W m. Beatty was a very good man. There is only one lot in
the whole town on which he left it possible to have a saloon, and
that was by a mistake. I t is at present occupied by the Bank of
Ottawa. The managers of that bank were wise, in choosing this
lot. If banking don't pay in Parry Sound they can turn it into
a saloon. I did not at first know of this restriction in the deeds
of "The Governor," and couldn't understand why that every timè
I missed the Colonel and made inquiry of a citizen-anyone of
'em-he would invariably tel1 me: "Guess the Colonel must have
gone across the river I " and sure enough in a short time I'd see
him coming back across the bridge smiling. It wasn't long how-
ever until he got " on to" the" Parry Sound wink," when order-
ing soda water. That" wink" saved him many a step.

Tourist Town.
On account of the magnificent scenery for miles around
Parry Sound, many tourists find their way here each summer, and
on returning next year bring their friends. There are a number
of hotels, some of them models of excellence in table and courtesy.
This is especially so in Paisley's Belvidere, on the high hill over-
looking the Sound. If you have travelled in Western
Ontario, you must know of Jim Paisley. He is 1nine hOðt
of the San Souci, at 1100n River, as ,veIl as of the
Belvidere, and only recently has begun making the Grand Union
of OUa wa, a model house. He makes all his guests his friends,
and they go but to come again.

A Fisher and a Hunter's Resort.
The fishing and hunting all around Parry Sound is most ex-
cellent. Just near by, across the Sound, is Parry Island, an Indian
Reservation. Peter Megis, the Chief, can always fttrnish guides
who know aU the good hunting grounds, and ideal brooks where
may be taken the" wily," in abundance. It is claimed that no
better deer hunting can be found in the Dominion than within a
short distance of this little city.

Timber and Lumber District.
Parry Sound is a great timber and lumber centre. The first
day we reached there I was surprised to meet at the hotel one of
the Shephards, of Boston, firm of Shephard l\lorse Lumber Com-
pany, whom I knew years ago in New York. He said that Gur
timber is becoming so scarce they had to seek new fields, and that

36

The Spokes.

Canada just nm'\' is the best. l\fr. Peter \Vhelen, of Ottawa, their
Canadian representative, was with him. We found Mr. Whelen
one of those genials whom to know is one of life's pleasurð.
But to return to timber. Vast forests of hardwoods, are all about
Parry Sound. :Maple, birch, white oak of very fine quality, are
all here in abundance, while hemlock, bass wood and pine, keep
a number of mills going, some of them night and day.

Rube' s Watch too Slow for the Saw.
I never saw lumber made so fast before. I tried one day to time
the sawing of a log, but put my watch back into my pocket. It ran
too slow. Why, bless you, they had band saws with the teeth on
both sides. It cut coming and going. And by the way, the original
inventor of this saw now lives in Parry Sound. He was for-
merly of Dubois, Penna. There are here three enormous saw
mills. The Parry Sound Lumber Company, J. B. l\1i11er, Presi-
dent, Secretary, 1\1. l\1cClelland; The Conger Lumber Company,
VV. H. Pratt, President, \Vm. McClean, Secretary; The Wm.
Peters Estate Lumber Company, Alvin Peters, Manager.

Parry Sound Jail.
I nearly forgot the jail, which to forget would be to leave
out one of the institutions of Parry Sound. To be sure it is
nearly always empty, but it is yet a feature. It is claimed th3.t
it sets one of the best tables of any boarding house in town. Pri-
soners however are a rarity and when they do get one they aim
to treat him so well that he will want to stay, but somehow these
meT' are of a roving nature, never satisfied in one place. That
is possibly why they can't hold him for any length of
time, even with good board. The very day he takes a notion to
go on the road again he simply picks up his clothes and goes. If
he have no suitable wardrobe of his own he just walks off with
the Judge's suit, and the Judge lays in a new supply for the next
one and don't seem to mind it. There is so little doing, howev
r.
in law, that I guess the Judge is always glad of a new snit. Yes,
the jail is a feature of Parry Sound. Its empty condition spe:lks
well for its :Ministers and
Churches,
of which there are a number. Some of the churches are really
beautiful edifices.
Newspapers.
The town has two newspapers. The North Star, Liberal, and
The Canadian, Conservative. W m. Ireland is editor and proprîe-
tor of the former, and Charles Sarvey editor and proprietor of
the latter. They are live papers and appear to be well supported
by the town.

U August Night on Georg1'an Bay.1.J

,365

The Bank of Ottawa has a branch here.

ibly the finest business block in the place.
IS manager.

Its building is pos-
:\lr. H. Y. Compliil

Municipal Success.
They have municipal electric lighting and water works, and
the Mayor, .i.\lr. J. A. Johnson, informed us that the plan is work-
ing most admirably.
* * * * * *
One evening as the Colonel and I sat out on the piazza of the
Belvidere, which overlooks the island dotted Sound, we could 110t
but enjoy the prospect before us. As far as the eye could reach,
to the west, was nought but a placid sheet of water, broken in
the far distance by an arm of highlands (shutting off the Sound
from the Bay), above whose edge the great red sun was going
to his rest among the 70,000 islands of the beautiful Georgian Bay
beyond.
" Rube, of what are you thinking?" asked the Colonel, who
noted my pleased silence.
"Thinking of that sweet poem of W m. \ Vilfrid Campbell' 6.
You know he is called the "Lake Poet," from the many gems he has
written of this very country, or rather of the lakes to the near
west of here. In looking over this magnificent scene, I could not
but recall this one of his which seems so fitting to this time and
place," and then I told him these lines of the gem:

U August Night on Georgian Bay."
The day dreams out, the night is brooding in,
Across this world of vapor, wood and wave,
Things blur and dim. Cool silvery ripples lave
The sands and rustling reed-beds. N ow begin
Night's dreamy choruses, the numerous din
Of sleepy voices. Tremulous, one by one,
The stars blink in. The dusk drives out the sun,
And all the world the hosts of darkness win.

Anon through mists, the harvest moon will come,
With breathing flames, above the forest edge;
Flooding the silence in a silvern dream;
Conquering the night and all its voices dumb,
With unheard melodies. \Vhile all agleam
Low flutes the lake along the lustrous sedge."
"Colonel, I shall never see nor hear those lines but I shall
think of this night in Parry Sound." And I spoke truly. \Ve left
next day to return to the Capital, but often and often again have
I lived over that night; and enjoyed in memory the delightful tour
through "Lakeland."

3 66

The Spokes

THE DESERTED VILLAGE OF THE KORTH.

"Rube, what village was that we passed on the way to Queen's
Park?" asked the Colonel one day when we were talking over
the places about Ottawa.
" That was Aylmer, 'the Deserted Village of the North.' "
"Why so called?"
" From the fact of it's having been the home of so many pro-
minent men, now gone to other parts. It was the birthplace of
the world-known

Christian Endeavor Clark*.
Rev. Francis E. Clark-born Symmes-a man of far reaching in-
fluence, whose followers will reach into millions, even during his
life time."
"What, do you mean to say that the man who originated the
Christian Endeavor Society was born in Aylmer? This is inter-
esting."
" Yes, the same. He was the son of Charles Carey Symmes.
\Vhen his father and mother died he was adopted by his maternal
uncle and took his name, Clark."
When the Colonel heard this, nothing would do but that We"
should visit the birth place of this famous man, and next day we
went out to Aylmer, taking the Hull electric trolley, starting from
the station under the Dufferin bridge near the post office.
\Ve got off the car at Aylmer and walked out Broad St., so
called from its narrmvness, directly north from the Court House,
past the shaded square-walked out to where town blends into
country, and there \ve found

Cherry Cottage,
(now occupied by T. W. E. Sowter, a geologist of more than
national note), so namerl from the many trees of that fruit which
once surrounded it. " Yes," we were told, " this is where Francis
Clark was born-in that room!" Then we looked at "that room,"
and felt almost as though looking upon sacred walls. \Ve left
Cherry Cottage, and the first person we met informed us that we
Þad seen but one of the birth places of this illustrious man, and
then he kindly directed us to the other, on the corner of :Main St.,
and the shaded square opposite the Court House. " Yes, this is
the birth place of the great Christian Endeavor Clark!" at this
we ceased to wonder that poor old Homer had seven cities claim-

* It iF> a reml\rkab'e fact that Rev. Francis E. Ch\rk-now of Bo<;ton-the head of
the Chriltian Endea,'or Rociety. sholllrl come from Aylmer. Province of Quebec. and
Bishop J F. Bf'rry-now of Buffalo. N.Y.-the head of the Epworth LeRg"ue. should
come trom A vImer. Province of Ontario. Roth from Canada and both from the only
two towns of that name-towns with but a difference of 87 in their 2.000 inhabitants.

Madame Albani's First Piano.

3 6 7

ing him. The house is a dark, gloomy looking stone building,
and not at all ideal as a birth place. When we looked at the two,
we did not wonder that Rev. Clark should choose to celebrate at
the cottage, which, with the Christian Endeavorers, he did, dur-
ing the Convention held in Ottawa in 1896, and yet all sorts of
proof is advanced to show that the Symmes-Prentiss house, on
Main St., is the place. A very old lady told us she knew it was,
for once she took her little girl there to see the baby-and both
she and her daughter are positive that Francis was that "baby."
Another citizen said he knew that the stone house was the plac
,
for his grandfather had heard that Cherry Cottage was not buiit
until after "Frank's" arrival. They all lovingly call him "Frank,"
in Aylmer. It is hard to say which faction is right. I give you
the two, take your choice. Be all this as it may the Cottage was
the only Aylmer home" Frank" Clark ever knew. His fath
r
was a lumberman, and died on his way back from Quebec in 1834,
died on the boat before reaching Three Rivers, where he was
buried. He contracted cholera from the poor immigrants, whose
suffering he risked his own life to relieve. His mother was a
very remarkable woman; highly educated, and of great strength
of character, as may be known from her talented son. "Like
mother like son." She taught school in Cherry Cottage almost
up to her death, which occurred March 26th, 1859, when Francis
was but seven years old. (See illustrations of Rev. Clark and the
Cottage. )

Madame Albani
lived in Aylmer when a little girl. She was born Lajennessê,
at Chambley, Province of Quebec. Some say in 1Iontreal. A..
newspaper man said he was positive of it, and for five months
promised each time I met him to furnish me the facts but I
couldn't hold the press open any longer and must needs give the
accepted Chambley. \Ve saw her first piano. It was made by
John Broadwood and Sons, makers to His l\Iajesty and Princess,
Grtat Poulteney and Golden Square, London. It is very small,
27 inches wide by 64 long.
There is a 11ember of Parliament in London who does not
fear to cross swords with the greatest of the Empire. He is a
Canadian. He was the l\Iember for Ottawa County before it was
di, ided, and afterward represented Wright County. He resign-
ed in 1897, when he was sent as Dominion Commissioner to Dub-
lin, Ireland. \Vhen Colonel Lynch's seat, in Galway City, be-
came vacant, this Canadian was chosen to fill it-chosen by ac-
clamation. It was our pleasure to hear him speak, one night in
Ottawa. He is an orator of rare ability. That Canadian is
Charles R. Devlin, son of Charles Devlin, of Aylmer.
Many of Ottawa's prominent business and professional men
are from this town. Among the number are, T. Lindsay, one of

368

The Spokes.

the most successful merchants in Ottawa, the Davis Brothers,
large contractors, H. K. Egan, capitalist, Henry Aylen, one of the
best known lawyers in the city, J. C. Brown, broker, and many
others.
Mayor Symmes, of "The Lilacs," has six sons, two are in
Chili, South America, one in Johannesberg, South Africa, one in
Ivlontana, and two in Chicago, and all prominent in their various
callings.
The Klock Brothers, of Mattawa, and :ß10ntreal, sons of the
great old time lumberman, R. H. Klock, were once of Aylmer. If
father was like sons he must have been a grand old man, for more
genial men, than the two brothers, I have not met in all Canada.

Agricultural Fair.
The Colonel and I happened in town on Fair Day. Up here
in Canada the " Fair Ground" is an institution. Towns or vil-
lages with less than 500 people will often have a most creditable
exhibition. The country people go into it with the right spirit,
and you would be surprised at the success, even one of their vil-
lages makes.

Rube Takes First Premium.

Seeing that there were no photographs in competition, aud
having a large number with me, I fixed up a card of them and
took "first premium." The Colonel, however, declares that I
took it when the committee wasn't looking.

The Colonel Pays Two Fares to See the Fair.
He says this to get even for my causing him to pay two ad-
missions. You see he had climbed up on the high enclosure to
take a snap shot of the grounds. Just as he was getting down,
the President of the Fair happened along. " Here, we don't allow
people to climb over the fence, into the grounds; you must pay
your fare. Out with it! "
"I didn't climb over!" protested the Colonel.
" Didn't climb over! Why man I saw you! "
"Yes," said I, "make him pay :Mr. President. I wouldn't
allow people to come over the fence, you can't run your show on
'dead heads.'" Then to the Colonel, as though I didn't know
him: ":Mr., you ought to be ashamed of yourself to try to
beat your way into peoples fairs, come pay the man." Say, I
wish I could have taken the Colonel's picture at that moment, but
I couldn't, he had the camera. That is why he says I took that "first
premium," when the committee wasn't looking.

Courtesy to the Stars and StriPes.

69

The Hull Electric Company
has its offices here. Wm. R. Taylor, for years connected with
the 1vIissouri Pacific, at St. Louis, is the efficient manager, under
whose supervision the road is becoming a most valuable asset. It
has 26 miles of track, and is well equipped. It runs from Hull
to Queen's Park, along the north shore of the Ottawa, passing on
the way Tetreauville, Deschenes (at which place is located the
company's power house), and Aylmer.
Queen's Park contains 80 acres, and is a small Coney Island,
without the objections of that famous resort. It is well shaded
by pretty cedars and pines. It is rolling and picturesque. Here
yúu can shoot the chutes, listen to the laughter of children in the
merry-go-round, or lose yourself in the J\rI ystic Moorish Maze,
with its 124 trick doors. The Park lies on Lake Deschenes
(meaning, the lake of the oaks), a body of water of which the fam-
ous oarsman Hanlan once said: " It is the finest stretch of water
I ever saw for a regatta."

V ictoria Yacht Club
has its club house at the Park. Its officers are: President, E. A.
DIver; Vice-President, Geo. H. Rogers; Secretary, E. T. B. Gill-
more; Treasurer, D. E. Johnson; Hon. Commodore, Geo. H.
Miller; Commodore, the once famous oarsman, R. H. Haycock;
Vice-Commodore, C. W. Spencer; and Rear Commodore, A. H.
Taylor. Directors: E. A. Olver, Ceo. Burn, S. H. Rogers, D.
E. Johnson, P. McGillivray, M. W. 11errill, W. H. Thicke, O.
Haycock, P. D. Bentley, T. Leavie and Geo. H. Ross,

Stars and Stripes.
It was in the ball room of the Victoria Club House where
we counted 21 of our own flags. They hung side and side with
the Union Jack. It made me feel ashamed of some of my own
country who 'lose their heads' when they see a British flag
in our cities. The fact that these 'heads' are emþty, is the only
excuse I can give, and yet I am heartily ashamed of them when
I see how kind these people are toward our flag. We owe this
club for many courtesies. It has a membership of about 300.
Apropos of Aylmer. It is remarkable for its pretty girls-
as the Colonel discovered-and for their musical accomplish-
ments-as I discovered. Some of them having remarkable voices.
It was once a Court town but the "seat" was removed to
Hull. The old citizen in speaking of this removal said: "It
nearly broke up our hotels. You know, strangers, take the members
of the 'bar' (here he winked) away from a town and that town
is agoing to feel the blow."

37 0

The Spokes.

The Black Story.
"Ever hear the story about Black? " "No? well one day
when the Judge was aholding a Court here in Court House No. I,
which was built in 18S2, burned and rebuilt in 186S-this Black
I'm a tellin you about, made a small disturbance. The Judge had
dispepsy, and was just a bit more 'crabbed' that day than usual
'Here, put that man out f' said he, sharp like. Two constables
grabbed Black and led him to the door, but he was too quick for
them. He pushed them, out, shut the door, turned the key then
saluted, polite like : 'Your Honor, they're both out.' " '

A DAY AT CHELSEA.

A delightful days' outing is to Chelsea, 9 miles out on the
Gatineau Road. Start at 9.30 from the Union Station. There IS
not so much to see at the station, but hours may be spent along the
river, a short distance to the east of the station.
Here is the" deserted village," once the busy site of the Allan
Gilmour mills. The mills and workmen's cottages are fast going
to ruin, but ruins always have a charm for the tourist, even though
they be but of wood. There are pretty falls and rapids, and cosey
nooks along the shady banks' of the Gatineau, an ideal place for a
day's outing. You may fish or wander far up the river, with its
ever changing scenery.
Some of the old houses show new life, as Ottawans take them
for the summer months, and get far more restful pleasure than at
some fashionable resort. Among these cottagers are John Sharpe,
the Sculptor, John Chisholm, of the Justice Department, Rev. :Mí.
Turnbull, of the Bank Street Presbyterian Church, Rev. Mr.
11itchell, of the Erskine Church, Goo. H. Wilson, editor of the
Evening Journal, Mr. Harris, Gerald Brown, the popular and
well known representative of the Montreal vVitness, and many
others. Doctor George Johnson, Dominion Statistician, of fre-
quent mention, has one of his numerous bee farms at Chelsea,
where he amuses himself at odd moments. The amusement
however is often for the other fellow, especially, when the Doctor
has a bit of " hiving to do." "
The real pleasure of a day in the country is to
"run across" new places. At the station we saw a man
with a wagon, "Where are you going?" said he. Now, we had
heard of Kingsmere, and had the mountain (?) of that name
pointed out to us from Parliament House to the north, but like
many another place, it was only a name. It was something new
to see, so we said: "We're going with you," and to Kingsmere

The End.

37 1

we went. "Five miles to the south of the station." That's what
the driver said, to make even change at 5 cents per mile; but fonr
and one-half is the distance, and a delightful drive, passing Old
Chelsea, a mile and a half away, with its quaint country church
and graveyard. Nothing of note to see, unless it was to watch
the bevy of pretty girls as they paraded the main street, outchew-
ing even "The pretty gum chewers of Carp." The Colonel says
the village girl of Canada can beat our typical factory girl wh
n
it comes to wax-chewing. At Old Chelsea it was general. There
may be exceptions, but if so, they were not on 1\Iain Street the t}ay
we passed.
Kingsmere is a beautiful lake, small, but situated as it is, at
the foot of the mountain (?) on one side and hills all around, it is
simply a charming sheet of water.
It is a very select spot. The cottages of some of the best
people of Ottawa are all about, some nestling among the well-
shaded banks, whilst others occupy high elevations, commanding
views of surpassing beauty. Here are the summer homes of l\1r.
A. Fleck, of the Canada Atlantic; Mr. Levi Crannell, of frequent
mention; 1fr. Gilbert Allan; Rev. Dr. W. T. Herridge, of St. An-
drew's Church; 1\.lr. James; Lady Bourinot; Messrs. Charles :lnd
John Bryson, of Bryson & Graham; Mr. and Mrs. Frank Jenkins,
both of "musical Ottawa"; l\Iackenzie King, the talented young
Deputy :Minister of Labor, well known at Harvard, where he was
for a time connected as an instructor, which place he resigned to
take his present position; R. A. Bradley, barrister, and many
others. We visited

Brown's M ica Mines,
the first we had ever seen. This is a great mica section. It is
mined in a very primitive way. and yet thousands of dollars worth
is taken out annually. If handled in a business-like way, a for-
tune might be dug out each year.
We returned to the station, and thence to the city, after a most
delightful day's pleasure.
The Colonel and I often remark the good fortune that brought
us to Ottawa, for we have never before found so charming a city,
with surroundings (saving Quebec) so heart pleasing. We can-
not forget our "first love," hence the parenthesis, and yet we often
fear that if we stay in and about Ottawa much longer
there
will be danger of a " breach of promise suit."

THE END.

BOOKS

COMING

"THE BYTOWN PIONEERS."

Whilst searching for data for the foregoing,
and whilst writing out that data, I began no less
than three chapters each one of which has grown
into what will make a book of itself. The first
will be "The By town Pioneers." This will in-
clude all the names that could be found in early
records, lists-from every source, including tlie
memory of "The oldest inhabitant."
It will cover not only By town but all of Car-
leton County, and portions of the country to the
north of the Ottawa.

., GARD'S 1955."

The second book will be "Gard's 1955." It
will be a graphic account of what " Rube and Lhe
Colonel" find on return to the "New Ottawa"
fifty years from date, at which time Ottawa has
grown to a city of 999,999.
As communication then is very rapid they
visit Quebec, Winnipeg,-"The Babylon of the
North"-via. Toronto, and other great cities.
The rate being

20 Miles a Minute,
very little time is wasted in travel, so that they
have much time to spend, visiting in the various
destinations, about which they have much to say.
It will be somewhat after the

Jules V erne Style,
although I might say in passing that a critic in
looking over the manuscript said that" Jules is not
in the race with some of the Colonel's stories,
whilst Rube is traveling in the same cannon ball."
The book is not intended to relieve insomnia,
and facts in no way retard the running of the

BOO K S

C 0 l'rI I N G

plot of which there IS none to speak, unless it
be in the telling of

The Ai arvel/ous Growth of Canada,
and the vast development of the Dominion.
While local, in a way, it is intended to keep th

Kamskatkin as wide awake as the native of the
great city of Hull-which has extended its bor-
ders to the north, taking in Chelsea.
The two attend a number of public meetings,
one of which was called to devise plans for

Building the Central Station.
In this, Rube makes a great hit by delivering a
speech as original, which he had heard "The Sena-
tor" deliver when he (Rube) was here before.
The speech will be given in full, merely to show
what a memory he has. Original at the start it
will have lost, in time, none of its originality.
The third book grew out of the second cind
takes the form of a novel-for that matter, how-
ever, both are in a way novel, and 'tis hoped will
not prove uninteresting, especially in Quebec,
or rather under Quebec, where the plot is laid.
It may contain some wild fancies. but wild fan-
cies will be the order in 1955, so it will be apro-
pos. This book will be

"FROM PALACE TO THE SEA:"

The name don't mean anything but may in time.
The two books will be profusely illustrated
by numerous pictures, which have been promised
for" The Hub and The Spokes," and which Ly
then will have been received by the author, :11-
eluding one of a very popular regim
nt who haft
promised, up to the last moment, that "we will
get you 'that group' if you just hold the press
open long enough."
There will be some mention of

BOO K S

COMING

The Great Men of 1905.
found in a list engraved on brass, dug up by some
workmen. I t creates a sensation on account of
its length. Rube and the Colonel create another
sensation by telling in what way they were great,
as unfortunately history had missed some of them
in the shuffle of time.
But to return to seriousness and .. The
By town Pioneers." It is desirable that all apathy
be thrown off and family data be furnished Ine
as soon as possible, and the data needed will be
simply the name of your first ancestor who came
to By town, up to January 1st, 1855. I want àis
full name, the date of his arri
al and the name
of his sons. I may have much of this already,
as I have as many as 1,500 names. Your family
may be in the list but don't take that for granb
d
This is the form in which I want it: "Chas. B.
Woodhead came to By town (or as the case may
be any other place in Carleton or Wright Coun-
ties) in 1829. Sons' names," (here give their
names in order of birth) . You need not gi ve
the daughters names, as the dear girls, then as
now, had a way of changing their names on slight
provocation and duplicate families would appear
in the records.

Honor to Have Been of By town Origin.
The day is coming when to have been of ')ld
By town origin will be a special honor-and as
they of the first to have pioneered a country de-
serve remembering, it is desirable that you will
all help preserve the By town names. Ten years
from now this work will be impossible, as much
of it is already lost, and the memory of the old
is going fast. They too are going fast. As I
look over my notes, I find name after name gone,
of those who gave me kindly assistance, and ere
long there will be none left to prove that By town
ever existed-save proof by record.
Address,
ANSON A. GARD,
Ottawa, Canad:t..

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The Walkley -First Brick House.
:Nicholas Sparks - First Stone House.
Joseph Coombs-First Frame House.

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39

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Thomas Birkett, 1\1. P., thirrl player from the left.

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Mrs. John Scott.

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SOl\IE OF OTTA \VA'S OFFICES _\
D B"CSINESS HOCSFS.

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Wholesale Dry Goojs House of John ;\1. Garland, Son & Co.
Dominion Immigration Offices.

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Jartin-Orme Piano Factory.
Slater-Orme Block. The oM stone hom,e joining was built
Metropolitan Insuranc
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Building. L. N. Poulin's Departmental Store.

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Son and daughter of W. T. St
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SOME OF OTTAWA'S EDUCATIONISTS.
Rev. Thomas ""ardrope, D.D.
John MacMillan, B.A. Juhn Thorburn, :\I.A., LL.D.
John C. Glashan, LL. D., Inspector of Public Schools.
A. H. McDougall, B,A. Cecil Rethune, S
c.-Treas. Collegiate Institute.

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Interior viev.s of the new Arts Building of thp t'niyersity of Ottawa. Ahsolutely
fireproof. Huilt wholly of Portland Cement. A new (lepartme in construc-
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Father Taharet, First Rector of Oltawa CnÍ\-ersitv, 18-t- S .
Father Emery, Pres
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SOLDIERY OF OTTA \\'A.

:\Iiles of distance, and dangers and hardships at the destination, never
daunt the soldiery of Ottawa when duty cal1s, be that duty the col1ecting
of taxes in Low or fighting for the Empire in South Africa.

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2. Staff-Sgt. Frank Xewhy, G.G.F.G.
3. Sgt. Plunkett Taylor, G.G. F.G., now Major, G.G. F.G.
4. Staff-Sgt. :\Iaynanl Rogers, 43n1, nO\\ Lt.-Col. D.C.O. R.
5. Sgt. H. L. H. Ross, G.G. F.G.

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Rosemount, Montreal, 1860.

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THE Sc PRE;\IE COU R r ()F CAr\" ..\0.\.

Right HOll. Sir Elzear Taschereau, Chief Justice (ill centre).
HOll. R. Sedgewick. HOll. D. Girouarù.
HOll. Sir Louis Davies. HOll. A. C. Killam.
HOll. W. Nesùitt.

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GOVERNORs-GENERAl. OF CANADA 51NCE COl"FEDERATION.
I. The Right Hon. Viscount i\lonck, G.C.l\I.G,. .., ............. .July 1, 186 7
2. The Right Hon. Lonl Lisgar, G.C.M.G. (Sir John young)....,... Feb. 2, 186 9
3. The Right Hon the Earl of Dufferin, K.P. K.C.R.. G.C.:\1,G....]une25. 18 7 2
4. The Right Hon. the Marquess of Lorne, K.T.. G.C. M.G., P.C., &c. Nov. 25, 18 7 8

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GOVERt\ORS-GENERAL OF CANADA SINCE CONFEDERATION.
5. The Most Hon. the :\Iarquess of Lansdowne, G.C.l\1.G., &c. .... .Oct. 23, 188 3
6. The Right Hon. Lord Stanley of Preston, * G. C. B. . . . . ... . . . . ., .June II, 18
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8. The Right Hon. the Earl of
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" Succeeded to the Earldom of Derby OD the death of hi:; brothCl', April 21. 18.Q3.

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" Possihly the greatest puhlic demonstration of welcome eyer gi\e
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88, when thousalHls of school children gathered on Cart
This is one of the only two photographs of that occasion extant, at
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l Governor-General in Canada!" This was giyen to Lorù and Lady
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s kindly loaned hy :\IcLeod Stewart, who was then l\Iayor of Ottawa.
ne mishap were broken before more could be taken.

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c. Berkeley Powell,l\1.P.P.
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A. health to all who built By town,
\\ïth many a smile-with never a frown.
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In memory sweet will come again,
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I. R. H. Klock. 2. Col. Joseph Aumond. 3. Dan'l l\IcLachlin,
4. John Egan. 5. John POllpore.

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I. Roht. Hamilton. 2. Andrew Leamey. 3. Hon. Jas. Skea(1.
4. David Moore, 5. Isaac Moore.

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L.\TER LUl\IBER:\IEN OF THE OTTAWA.
I. A. H. Baldwin. 2. Robt. Blackburn. 3- H. F. Bronson.
4. J. M. Currier. 5. John A. Cameron.

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L.\TER LU:\IBERl\IEN OF THE OTT.\WA.
I. \Vm. Mackey. 2. Alex. Fraser. 3. \V. H. Hunlman.
4. Jas. Maclaren. S. \Vm. G. Perley.

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General \V. \V. Henry, U.
. U. S. Consul-General J. G. Foster,
Consul in Quebec. in Ottawa.
Robt. Watchorn. Co S. Commissioner
of Immigration for Canada.

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I. First \ïce-Pnsillent, D. Murphy, :\1. P. P.
2. Second Vice-Presirlent J. W. Woods.

3. President John R. Reid.
4. Treasurer C. A. Douglas.

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T. Ahearn.

\\'arren Y. Soper.

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Some of those who answered, II \Vhat was the most dramatic episode in
Canadian history? "- Pages 2u3-209.
1. Dr. \"'. T. Rcrridge. 6. Prof. Goldwin Hrnith. 11. Col. Geo. T. DeniHoa.
2. Archbishop Lang-evin. 7 Nicholas Flood Uavin. 12, Jas. Haill. Jr.
3. Rcv. Gco. F. Salton. 8. Principal Grant. 13. Sir John Bourinot.
4. Louit! Frechette 9. Ron. J. W. Longlcy. U. Hon. lieo. \V. }{OHiJ.
6. Dr. Geo. R. Parkin. 10. Dr. Geo. Stewart.

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Prominent in their day in city and county.

I. ""m. Kidd.
2. Edw. Sherwood.
3. C. W. Bangs.

4. Judg
Armstr.)ng.
S. Jos. Hinton.
6. jas. Goodwin.

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2. John ì\IcDougalò., Commissioner of Customs.
3. \V. L. !\Iarler, l\1anager of the l\Ierchants' Bank of Canada.

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Senator David ".ark, of Fredericton, :'\. R. The oldest Legislator in the world.
Still on duty at 101 years of age.

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\\"here II The Hub and the Spokes" became a Book.

CONTENTS OF PART FIRST.

Numbers refer to the pages for the various headings and sub-
headings.

DEDICATION ,...,..... .................. ...............
INTRODUCTION .,................ .,.,...............,..
THE WASHINGTON OF CANADA........................
The Panorama (2); Chaudiere FaJls (2); The Central
Canada Exhibition (3); Experimental Farm (3); Rube
Gets Locked in the Tower by some Pretty School Marms
from Iowa (3); Parliament Corner Stone laid by the
Prince of Wales (4); Large Minds and Small Bodies(4);
Fools' Names are like their Faces (4).
HOW TO SEE OTTAWA .. II... .. .. ... .......... II II....
Parliament Building!> (5).
CENTRAL EXPERIM ENTAL FARM .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Path Through the Corn (6); The Colonel and the
Bees (6); How New Varieties of Fruit and Grain are Pro-
duced (8); Rube Talks "Farm" to the Farmers (8);
Poultry and Things (9); "The Calf eat its Blame Head
off Long ago" (9); "Daddy" and His Little World (9);
Arboretum and Botanic Garden (10).
BRITANNIA TRIP ......,......... .......................
Hintonburg (12); Westboro (12); Britannia Boat
Club (14).
CHAUDIERE FALLS LINE .. II..........,. II............
Perley Home (15); Ottawa Water Works (15); Rube gets
ACGuainted with a Big Man (IS); The Falls (16); The
Devil's Hole (16); The Ottawa Cave (16).
THE ELGIN STREET LINE ........................ II. ..
The Commission Driveway (17); The Great Drill Hall
(17); M in to Square (18); The Priests' Farm (18).
ALBERT STREET .................. .,.......... ........
SUSSEX STREET OR THE BRIDGES AND WHAT YOU
SEE AROUND THEM .,............... II II II... .
The Governor General's House (21); The Rifle Ranp'e
(22); Canadian School of Musketry (23); Wouldn't 1I.
t
Rube Shoot (23); The Royal Cabin (24).
BANK STREET ...................... ........,..... ......
It Pays to be Kind (25); Odd Fellows Hall (26); Protest-
ant Home for the Aged (26); Exhibition Grounds (26);
Growth of Ottawa (26).
THEODORE STREET TRIP .... "' ... II.... II....... .. ...
METCALFE STREET ..........,............,. ....,.......

Page
vii
ix
1

5

6

II

14

16

18

19

24

27
J2

162

Page
O'CONNOR STREET..... . . .. .. ... .. .... .................. 33
Lord Strathcona and Mount Royal (33); The National
Art Gallery (34); Ottawa Fish Hatchery (34).
CARTIER STREET............ ............................ 34
CONCESSION STREET............ ....................... 35
COMMISSION DRIVEWAY ............ .................. 35
Ottawa Improvement Commission (3 6 ).
HOG'S BACK ............................ ................. 36
OTTAWA'S PRETTY STREETS............. .............. 37
Rapid Removal of Snow (37); No Overhanging Signs (37).
OTTAWA A FLO\VER GARDEN.......................... 38
Lady Minto'3 Prizes C
8); Gra<:sless School Yards (39);
A Canadian Orange Grove (40); Horticultural Society
(4 0 ); Field Naturalist Club (41); Only a Suggestion (4 1 ).
THREE CENTURIES OF THE OTTAWA................ 4 2
A CENTURY OF HULL, BYTOWN AND OTTAWA...... 4 2
John Burrows (45); Mile Stones of a Century (51); By town
Incorporated-Mayors (51); Ottawa born Jan. 1st, r855
-Mayors (52).
"HOW IS CANADA GOVERNED?"............ ..........
The Governor General (53); Staff (53); The Ministry (54).
CHIEF OFFICERS OF THE PUBLIC SERVICE.......... 55
Deputy Heads of Departments (55).
OFFICE HOLDERS AND HOW THEY GET THERE..... 56
Canadian Elections (57) ; Cabinet Ministers the Real
Workers (59); Canadian Justice (59); He Wasn't a
" Pillar" (5Q); Two Years for a Hog-One for a Man
(60); Tim Couldn't Pa3s the Bar (61); He's Just the
Same (61).
SCI-IOOLS ....... ..................... .................... 63
Normal and Model School and Collegiate Institute (63);
Pretty School Children (63).
HIGHER EDUCATION .................................... 64
Convents (64).
THE UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA......................... 65
Thanksgiving Day (65).
LAYING THE CORNER STONE OF THE NEW ARTS
BUILDING AND VISIT OF CARDINAL GIBBONS
TTnique Dinner (69).
ASHBURY COLLEGE ..................................... 70
OTTAWA LADIES' COLLEGE ............................ 7 0
Miss Harmon's School (7 1 ).
METROPOLITAN BUSINESS COLLEGE ................ 71
ATHLETICS ........................... ................... 73
Rugby Football (73); Basket Ball (74); Skating in Ottawa
(74); The March (75).

16 3

CHAMPIONS IN SPORTS AND GAMES..................
Hockey (76); Lacrosse (76); Cur;ing (77); The Govern-
or General's Club (78); The Old Curler's Story (78);
Tennis (79); Golf (79); Racquets (79); Hunting of Big
Game (79); Canoeists (80); Football (80); Cricket (80);
Skeeing and Snowshoeing (80); Clay Pigeon Shooting
(8r); Tobogganing (8r); Shmny (81); Medal of r852-a
Find in Shinny (8r); Runners (82); Bowling (82); Among
the "All Rounds" (82); John Flick or the Difference
(83); Skating Carnival (84); Mephi3topheles (84).
OTTAWA GOLF CLUB ........ ...........................
History of Golf in Ottawa (85).
SUMMER AMUSEMENTS .................................
Moving Pictures (87).
MILITARY .................. .............. ...............
CavalrY-The Princess Louise Dragoon Guards (90);
Artillery-Ottawa Field Battery (go); Engineers-Otta-
wa Company (90); Infantry-The Governor General's
Foot Guards (90); 43rd Regiment The Duke of Cornwall's
Own Rifles (9 r ); Army l\ledical Corps (9r); Unattached
List (9 r ); Incidents and Humor of Things Military (92);
A Travelling Anenal (93); The Old Cavalry Colonel's
Story (93) (the best story in the book); Courtesies Ex-
changed (94); Historic Gun (95); Victoria Cross (95);
Distinguished Service Order (95); Saw Service on Both
Sides (95); Riel's Prayer, or Proclamation (96); Major
("Gat.") A. L. Howard (96); One Hundredth Regiment
(97); Can't Kill Him, with Some Alleged Poetry (98).
OTTA\VA MUSICAL ................ ....................
The Coldstream Guards' Band (99); Organists (roo);
Pianists (100); Mandolinists (roo); Violinists (roo);
Vocalists (roo); A Great Musical Leader (ror); Guy
Mainguy (102).
OTTA \V A ARTISTIC ...................... ...........,..
Artists ( r0 4); The "Voman's Art Association (104);
Chas. E. Moss (105); Growth of Art in Ottawa (ro6);.
las. W. Woods (106); A Rubens Picture (r07); H. A.
Bate (r07); An Art Critic (Rev. Geo. F. Salton) (r07);
Thirty Cent Chromo (roB); The Chiaro-Scura Club (r09);
Henry Harold Vickers, Artist (r09); A Pushing Artist
(110).
WINTER IN THE CAPITAL..............................
Lecturers (III); "Our Forest and it's Preservation" (IIr);
Which One Lectured? (II2); Monday Afternoons in
Rideau Rink (II3); At Homes (II4); New Year's Calling
(114).
OTTAWA LITERARY ...................... ..............
Woman's Home Companion (120); Springfield Ohio, a
Periodical Center (120).
NEWSPAPERS .......... .................. ..............
A Good Reporter's Story (r22); Boys of the Press Gallery
Names of the Newspapers' Representatives in the Capital
(123); Moral Tone of the Canadian Press (r23); Les
Majeste (123); Divorce and Divorce Laws (r24); By town

Page
76

85

86

88

99

104

III

liS

121

16 4

Pres
(126); Importance of the Press (126); Growth of
the Press (126).
OLD BOYS AND THE OLD SONS .......................
(All of the various societies, with their officers given un-
der this head.)
A BEAUTIFUL SOUVENIR ..............................
co Ottawa, The Capital of Canada, Illustrated" (134).
YORK COUNTY LOAN AND SAVINGS COMPANy......
OTTA\VA, A CONVENTION CITy........................
POLICE FORCE.......... ................... ............
DOMINION POLICE ................,.....................
Colonel Percy A. Sherwood (136).
THE NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE.................
FAMOUS CANADIAN ARCHITECT.......................
Rev. Canon G. Bouillon (137); Nova Sancto Sophia (137);
A Murillo Picture (138).
UNDER PATRONAGE........ ...... .....................
W. R. EDMINSTER AND INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
OF CORRESPONDENCE..... ..... ......... .....
CEMETERIES .............. ..............................
HOSPITALS AND ASYLUMS .............................
THE DOCTORS OF OLD BYTOWN DAyS................
Drs. Christie and Stewart (143); Drs. Tuthill, Rankin.
Gillie, McQueen, Van Courtlandt (144); Drs Hill, Strat-
ford, A. Monson, F. Monson, Sewell (145); First Board
of Health (146); Incorporators of Protestant Hospital
(14 6 ).
OTT A W A STEP ............ ...............................
Wealth-Money (148); "Up_ in Mars" (148); Young Men
in Business (149); From Messenger Boys to Capitalists
(150); First to Cope with Snow (150).

CONTENTS OF PART SECOND.

Page

128

133

134
135
135
136

136
137

139

140
14 1
14 2
14 2

147

FOREWORD re PATRONS................................. 15 2
LORD MINTO........ ................ .................... 153
Lady Minto (154); Gracious Virtues (155); Unalterable
Loyalty (156).
A NAME THAT WILL LIVE ............................. 156
Lord Strathcona (157).
SIR SANDFORD FLEMING................................ 15 8
Standard Time (159); The Pacific Cable (159); Honors of
Worth (159); Commissions (160); Writings (160); Sav-
ing of the Queen's Picture (160); Broadminded (161).
SIR FREDRICK WM. BORDEN............................ 162
Staff (163); Royal Military College (164); The Militia
Force (164); Schools of Instruction (165).

165

Page
ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN................................ 166
A5ks an Extension (168): Could not Jolly Him (168);
Seats for Six (169); The Boy and the Baldheaded Preacher
(169); Secret of His Success ( 16 9).
THE HON. SYDNEY FISHER............................. 170
THE HON. CHARLES FITZPATRICK..................... 173
A Famous Speech (173).
JOSEPH BENSON FORAKER I a Famous Orator... . . .. .. " . 175
SIR WM. MULOCK........................................ 176
Father of Cheap Postage (177); Growth of the Post
Office Department (178); Postal Savings Banks (179);
Postal Note (179).
SENATOR REDFIELD PROCTOR......................,.. 180
HON. SIR CHARLES TUPPER............................ ISI
Incidents and Anecdotes (182); "He Looks it!" (183); It
Nearly Kilt Him (183); They Couldn't Fool the Doctor
(183).
JUDGE WM. T. WALLACE................................ 18 4
LITERARY PATRONS..................................... 186
WM. \VILFRID CAMPBELL, Poet......................... 186
G. M. FAIRCHILD, JR., Poet, Author, Artist................ 188
GEORGE JOHNSON, D.CL., Statistician................... 189
The Flight of the Bluenoses (190).
HENRY J. MORGAN, LL.D., Biographer.................... 191
BENJAMIN SULTE, F.R.S.C. Poet, Historian.............. 193

PART THIRD, 195.
OF \VIDER INTEREST.................................... 195
What are the l\Iost Dramatic Episodes in Canadian His-
tory? (195); Answered by the Hon. Geo. W. Ross (195);
Colonel George T. Denison, Sir John Burnoit, James
Bain, jr., Prof. Goldwin Smith, Sir Charles Tupper (204);
Rev. Principal Grant, Louis Frechette, Hon. J. W. Long-
ley, Rev Dr. John Potts (205); Nicholas Flood Davin, Dr.
George Stewart, Dr. Geo. R. Parkin and \V. L. Grant
(206); His Grace Archbishop Longevin, Sir Sandford
Fleming (207); Doctor Geo. Johnson, Rev. Dr. W. T.
Herridge, Rev. Geo. F. Salton (208); Benjamin Suite,
F.R.S.C (209).
THE CANADIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM................. 210
Something Happened to the Boston Man (211); Hudson
Bay an Open Sea (212); Winnipeg the Coming Babylon
of the North (212); Marvellous Growth of the Northwest
Territories (212).
WHAT IS CANADA?...................................... 213
Comparative Area of Provinces (213); Rivers (214); Rail-
roads (215); Cities (215); Rube Talks to Principal and
Teachers About Things Canadian (216); Educational Ad-

166

Page

vantages of Canada (216); Woodland (216); Proportion
of Land under Cultivation (217).
DENSE IGNORANCE IN ENGLAND ABOUT CANADA.
This is a very interesting chapter by reason of the things
about which England is ignorant...................... 217
Fool Stories (218).
THE COLONEL VISITS THE BOARD OF TRADE...... 220
Butter and Cheese (222); Rube Wonders if all Canadian
Towns and Cities are Progressive, and is answered by
Toronto, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Victoria, Vancouver,
Brandon, Halifax, St. John, Hamilton, etc. (223 to 226);
"A New Canada" (226).
DOMINION DAy.......................................... 227
Great Respect Shown to the Stars and Stripes (227); this
will prove a very interesting chapter to the idiots who
imagine they are patriotic if they insult the flag of some
other nation. "Canada loves her own and treats kindly
the flags of other nations."
RUBE GOES INTO CANADIAN BANKING, and learns
that" Money to Burn" came from Ottawa.............. 229
Best in the World (229); Advantage over our Plan by
Reason of the Branch System (229); Some Points of the
System (230); Fiat Money first used in Canada (230);
Absolute Safety of a Canadian Bank Note (231); General
Banking Facility (232); Few Savings Banks (232); Other
Points of Banking (232); This will prove of great inter-
est in the United States, where little or nothing is known
of Canada's admirable banking system. Memo re Bank
Circulation Fund (232).
WINTER IN CANADA.....................................
THE COLONEL ON THE MAIL SERVICE............... 235
A MILLION DOLLAR PLANT............................. 235
International Portland Cement Company (235); Joseph
S. Irvin (236).
HULL'S GREAT FUTURE................................. 237
Mountains of Iron Lying Idle (237).
THE OLD WHITTLER SAYS THINGS ELECTRIC...... 237
Waterfalls (238); The Te.ephone is Can
dian (238); Elec-
tric Cars (238); Te:egraph (238); ThIs chapter shows
the great electric future of Canada.
CANADA QUICK TO TAKE UP THE NEW.............. 240
English Featherweight Paper (240).
CARNEGIE LIBRARy..................................... 240
"Anòrew Carregie an Appreciation," by Vim. Wilfrid
Campbell (2 '2): Carnegie Technical S.:hools (242); A
Mighty Confederation (243).
SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD............................... 244
Anecdotes and \\Tord Plays of Sir John (245).
U. S. CONSUL GENERAL JOHN GILMAN FOSTER...... 246
SIR PERCY GIROUARD.,................................. 247
OTT A WAST A TUES. .. ... ................................ 24 8

167

CANADIAN FORESTRy..................................
Timber Reserves and Fire Rangers (251); Some Timber
Reserves and Limits (252); Canadian Forestry Association
(253).
MARVELLOUS GROWTH OF CANADIAN TIMBER
VALUES ............ ............................
Bought for $400 in 1861, Sold in 1902 for $665,000 (253);
Ontario Timber Sales from 1868 to 1903 (254).
RUBE SHOWS THE OLD CITIZEN SOME CANADIAN
l\-1ISTAKES .............. ........................
Rube's Story of the Hogs (255); Establish Pork Packing
Houses (256); Various Branches of the Business (257);
Rube Talks on Cattle (257); "Build Abattoirs" (257;
Rube Talks on Bacon (257); Proper Way to Populate
Canada (258); "To Eat the Cake and Still Have it"
258); Not a "Pipe Dream" (260); Rapid Growth of Land
Values in the Northwest (261); Canada's Generous Offer
(261); Increase in Receipts (262); Free Homesteads
(262); Advantages all on the Side of the Immigrant
(262); Hardships of the Early Settlers ( 26 3).

PART FOURTH, 267.
THE HUMORS OF THE CAPITAL........................
MAJOR GROWLEY DON'T LIKE US......................
"The only Good Englishman" says the Major "is a
Dead One" (269); The Major Would Freeze us to Death
(269).
OTTAWANETTES . .... .........,... . ........ ...... .......
Some Capital Stories (270); Always to the Front (270);
"The Half of Yees Come up" (271); "Ahr ye down
Thare?" (271); The Great and only Mr. Z and his His-
torical Speech (271); "The Footprints of the Hand of
Providence" (272); The Caves of Nepean Point or the
Captain of the Black Pirate Ship (272); "The Scarlet
Robes of the Golden Sunset" (272); Spring Chickens
273); "Ze Old Vun vaz ze Yung Vun" (2ï3); Edward
got the Place (273); He follows the
redical Profes5ion
(273); "Off to a Brtter World" (274); "A Full Hand"
(274); "Well Toss for the Next" (274) ; "Well den 00 dit
de dust pan" (275); Rube's Ottawa Sweetheart, aged
nine (275).
RUBE AND THE COLONEL RUN TO A FIRE............
Police so. Nice and Kind up here (276); Fire Protection
(277); Ottawans Matter of Fact People (277); By town
Fire Brigades (278).
THE COLONEL, THE TOMATOES AND THE DOG......
\Vhich shows that, to a man up a tree, " Honesty is the
best policy," and may bring him an earlier dinner.
RUBE AND THE COLONEL GO TO THE FAIR-The
Central Canada Exhibition (281); No Jays at the Fair
(282). ":'\fade in Canada" (282); Rube Buys a l\1icrosc'Ope
(283); Shurly and Detrich's Saws (283); "Karn is King"

Page
250

253

255

267

270

275

2ï9

168

( 28 4); Oliver Typewriter-Oliver Born in Canada ( 28 4);
An old Page Turns up (285); Rube Finds Something
Superior from Home (285); W. C. Edward's Exhibition
of Cattle (286); The New York Judge at the Dog Show
(286); (A bit severe on some one.) \Vhy the Colonel
Left Home (287); A Baby Show (287); Wouldn't take the
Tickets (288); The Old Citizen's Brother tells about the
Furst Duminyun Exerbishun (288).
RUBE BUYS A PUP........................................ 290
The same now grown to a yellow dog may be had at a
bargain.
THE COLONEL AND RUBE GO TO PARLIAMENT..... 29 1
The Colonel Hears Something about Canadian Girls (29 1 ).
RUBE AND THE COLONEL GO TO THE CIRCUS........
93
Rube Tells about his First Circus (293); How the Colonel
Watered the Elephant (294).
SHE SURVIVED........,..... ............................ 296
FOUR SCORE AND TEN.................................. 297
THE LITTLE GIRL IN THE WHITE KID GLOVES. A
Sketch ...................... ......................... 298
THE OTHER PICTURE.................................... 29 8
PO PUIJARITY ...................... ...................... 299
II CANADA UNSOCIAL" .................................. 299
Cordiality in Ottawa Churches (30r).
THE LITTLE TIN DISH .................................. 30 r
The One Exception of Departmental Courtesy (30 r );
II Who Sent you Here to Take up our Time like This?"
(302); Weight of \Vater on an Acre (302).
A GOOD LINCOLN STORy........................,....... 303
How Lincoln Sold \Vhiskey-and Why (303).
II TO SEE OURSELS" OR THE YOUNG MAN FROM
PRINCE EDWARD .............................. 304
IT ISN'T THE SIZE OF THE HEAD THAT COUNTS..... 305
THE DEATH OF POOR PADDy.......................... 306
THE COLONEL. THE SPINSTER AND THE PRIVATE
AS Y L U M. . . . . . . . .. .............. ................ 308
II OUR BATISTE" ......................................... 3 0 9
II ENGLISH AS SHE IS SPOKE ".......................... 309
William Whistle's Famous Address to the Duke and
Duchess of Cornwall and York at the Royal Cabin in r901.

Page

PART FIFTH.
THE SPOKES .............................................. 313
UP THE GATINEAU....................................... 313
Wakefield (314); "The Gatineau Cave" (3r4); Gracefield
(314); Bass Fishing on Castor Lake (315); The Colonel,
the Wild Goose and the Widdy (316); The Country Wed-

169

Page

ding (317); Th
big Trout Fish and Game Club (318);
Game Warden (318); The Thirty-one Mile Lake Club
(319); Wright Fish and Game Club (320); "King of the
Gatineau" (320); Samuel Bingham (321); A Great Log
Jam (321); Logging on the Gatin
au (322); The Yankee
Among the Shanties (323).
DOWN THE OTTAWA .............. ..................... 324
W ood GI
an
rs (324); Rockland (325); Montebello (326);
Caledonia Springs (327); A $15,000 Banquet (328).
THE OTTAWA TRANSPORTATION CO.................. 329
DESCHENES LAKE........................................ 330
Sub-headings are the many stops on the way to Chats
Falls.
THE RIDEAU LAKES TRIP............................... 334
Kingston and th
Thousand Islands (335).
NEW YEARS'S DAY IN HULL............................ 338
La Guignolee (337); "I Always Kiss the Pretty Girls of
Ten and under" or "Auntie How Old are You?" (337);
Musical Santa Claus (338); Purer French in Canada than
in France (338); The French in Canada (339); Highest
Offices in Canada Held by Frenchmen (339); Descendants
of the Famous (339).
ARNPRIOR ................ ............................... 340
Carp (340); Canada so full of Beauty that Canadians don't
Realize it (341); An Indian Grave.-A Memory (342);
Men of Large Heart (343).
PEMBROKE ................,..... ...,.................... 343
Rube and the Colonel go up to "Days Washin" or the
Pleasures of Lake Allumette (345-349).
FROM PEMBROKE TO ALGONQUIN PARK.............. 349
"Th
Familiar Deer" (349); Aladin Story or How J. R.
Booth got Started-How he Bought his First Limit (350-
352); Whitney (352); A Biograph Picture (352).
ALGONQUIN NATIONAL PARK .............,........... 353
With an account of how Rube and the Colonel mad

the tour with Ross and Balfour, in which chapter are some
good stories by the Scotch preacher and others.
PARRY SOUND ........................................... 362
Fair Wages wiJI Keep the Boys at Home (362); "The
Parry Sound Wink" (363); A Fisher and Hunter's Re-
sort (363); Timber and Lumber District (363); Rube's
Watch too Slow for the Saw (364); Parry Sound Jail
(364); 11unicipal Success (365); " August Night on Geor-
gian Bay" (365).
DESERTED VILLAGE OF THE NORTH.................. 366
Christian Endeavor Clark (366); Cherry Cottage (366);
Madame Albani and her First Piano (367); Rube and the
Colonel go to the Aylmer Fair where Rube takes First
Premium (368); The Colonel Pays Two Fares to see the
Fair (368); The HuH Electric Company (369);
Victoria Yacht Club (369); More Courtesy to the Stars
and Stripes (369); The Black Story (370).
A DAY AT CHELSEA...................................... 370

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

The page number at bottom of illustrations refer to the printed
portion of the book.
Patrons' Portraits 196 to 201 in printed portion.

OLD ART GALLERY.

Pag

First Plan of By town and Chaudiere Falls-by Colonel By. . 2
Rideau Locks-first picture.................................. 3
Barracks Hill, 18 42.......................................... 3
From page 4 to 23 are copies of W. H. Bartlett's famous steel 4 to 23
engravings done in 1839. Originals loaned by Judge D.
Girouard. The pictures are of the following cities and
places: Halifax, N.S. (4); Windsor, N. S. (5); St. John,
N.H. (6); Fredricton, N.H. (7); Quebec (8-9-10-11); Sher-
brooke (12); Lake Memphramagog (13); Montreal (14);
Prescott (IS); Kingston (16); Coburg (17); Toronto (18);
By town (Ottawa) (19-20-21-22); Scene up the Ottawa (23).
In 1855, vVm. S. Hunter, jr., was sent to Boston by a number
of Ottawa's wealthy citizens-with thirteen sketches of
Ottawa and vicinity. These were lithographed and a
very few sets printed, so that these pictures are even more
rare than the "Bartletts." They run from page 24 to
30. These were loaned by 1\lr. Francis McDouQ"all...... 24 to 030
The one on page 31 is also a "Hunter," done two years be- 31
fore. I found the picture at the Archbishop's Palace.
Canon Bouillon kindly presented it to me. In searching
for the story of the incident pictured, I found the one
man of the nine still living. I took his photograph and re-
produce the two on the same cut, making it unique in
picture-the incident and the man-fifty-one years in-
tervening.
Some of the first houses in By town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Birdseye View of Ottawa, 1855.............................. 33
Loaned by the Archbishop.
Ottawa, 1855; vVhitefield's No. 34.......................... 34
Ottawa. 1855; Whitefield's No. 35.......................... 35
The
e two were loaned by Mr. L. M. Fortier, of the
Interior Department,
Invitation to Bridge Opening, 1844........................ 36
Loaned by 1\1r. Robert BurJand.
Ticket to Prince of V\'ales Ball, 1860...................... 36
Loaned by Mr. J. Bangs.
Ottawa in 1860............................................. 37
Loaned by
rr. Walter Fleming.
Three Ladiec; who d:mred with the Prince of Wales, 1860.. 38
Loaned by the Citizen.
Medal won in 1852......................................... 38
Loaned by Mr. Hugh Masson.

17 1

Views of Ottawa, 1860.....................................
Loaned by the Citizen.
First Lacrosse Team, 1865..................................
Loaned by Mr. J. Thompson.

Page
39
39

MISCELLANEOUS.

Rose Garden.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Bank Managers of Ottawa. .. .. . .., .. .. .. .. .. " . . . . .. . . . . .. . 41
Prominent Musical Directors of Canada.................... 42
Passenger Agents at the Royal Cabin...................... 43
Rev. Francis Clark and Cherry Cottage..................... 44
Ottawa Fire Department................................... 45
Chaudiere Falls at the Present............................. 45
A Page from the Ottawa Fair.............................. 46
Farthest North Bank in the World.......................... 47
Georgian Bay Canal........................................ 47

PICTURESQUE OTT A W A, 49

Driveway Commission...................................... 50
Views on Driveway......................................... 51-52-53
Park Views............ .................................... 54
Pretty Streets ............................................. 55
Warren Y. Soper's Country Home.......................... 56
Evening on the Gatineau. from an oil painting by H. H.
Vickers ...................... ........................ 57
Homes of T. Ahearn and Geo. Hay......................... 58
Home of D. Murphy, M.P.P., and Ottawa River Scenes...... 59
Pretty Homes ............................................. 60
Hull and Aylmer Road Homes...................... .,...... 61
More Re3idences ...................... .................... 62
" Mayfair" and Scenes up through Aylmer to Chat.:; Falls.. 63
Tree Planted by the Prince of Wales in 1860-and Homes and
Scenes in Ottawa Valley................................ 64
King of the Gatineau and His Domain.................... 65
Specimens of E. L. Horwood's Colonial Architecture........ t,ó
Views of the Gatineau and along the Ottawa.............. 67
"Up the Gatineau" near the Wakefields.................... 69

OFFICES AND BUSINESS HOUSES, 69.
John 1\1. Garland....,...................................... ()9
Carnegie Library. by E. L. Horwood...................... 70
Henry J. Sims & Co., Roc;enthal & Sons. and Diamond Maple
Leaf presented to Lady Uinto by the Citizens of Ottawa 7 1
BU5iness Blocks ..................................... .72-73-74-75-76
Jas. W. Woods Manufactory and Offices of the Dominion
l\J1"ilitia Departmf'nt.............. ...................... 77
Joseph S. Irvin and Hull Cement Works................. ... 78

EDUCATIONAL, 79.
Ottawa Ladies College........................... , . , . . . . .
Educationic::ts .............. ......,........................
Normal School ............................................
Arts Building of University, Interior View..... . . . . . . . .'. . . . .
Cardinal Gibbons .......................................,
Apostolic Delagate Group .................................

79
Eo

I
32-83
84
85

172

Gloucester Str

t Convent and Ashbury College Group......
Rideau Street Convent......................................
Ottawa Ladies' College Group................,.............
Sweet Girl Graduates Rideau Street Convent..............
Ottawa Business College Group............................
John and his Friends..........................,............
Metropolitan Business College.............................

SOLDIERY OF OTTAWA, 91.

Page
86
87
88

8

9
90
90

Engraving Found on the Outside of a Copper Cylind
r......
H
H
ads of Militia Units.....,................................
2
Princess Louise Dragoons Group,......,....,..............
3
Duke of Co rnw all's Own Rifles Group...................... ')4
Commissary Headquarters in Winnipeg..................... 95
School of l\lusketry .,...................................... 95
At the 1,000 yards ......................................... !;.6
The Hugging or Huggins Brigade.........................
(.
Ottawa Sharpshooters Group .............................. (,7
Officers of the First Contingent in South Africa............
.

Heroes of the Ottawa Valley in South Africa. Group ar-
ranged and loaned by the Citizen......... .. . . .. .. .. . .. .. gn.
Nile Voyageurs of 1884, from James Ashfield's Famous
Picture ..........,. ................................... 100
War in Low ............................................... ::-(j0
Malone Ladies Corp who visited Ottawa Dominion Day, 19 0 4 101
Duke of Cornwall's Own Rifles in Burlington, Vt........... hH

CHILDREN'S CORNER, 102.
New Variety of Grapes.................................... Jú2
Noon Hour at Booth's.................................. .. 1:>1
qlil
ren's Day at Britannia. Group loaned by the Free Pr
5c; J:"\J
PIcnIcs ................ ................................... 1('4
Ottawa in Pinafore...................................... . 1
5
Representatives to Fish and Game Protective Associatt0n
Convention ...............,.... ....................... lob
A Canadian Monogram.................................. _.. 1.'7
Opening Day at the New Golf Club House............. .... IG8
A Trio of Champion3...................................... 109
Capitals of 18 94......................................... -,Ira
War Canoe Champions Group......................... .... ITI
Ottawa Junior Basket Ball Club............................ 1I2
Ottawa Curling Club.............................. J 13
Capitals of 19 0 4................................. . _...., '" IJ3

OF NATIONAL INTEREST, lIS.
Prince of \Vales and his Suite, 1860................._
The Duke of Cornwall and York and Staff, 1901..... ..... .
Founders of the Dominion................,.............
Dominion Buildings ..................................._
The Supreme Court of Canada. . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . .
Some of the Homes of Cahinet Ministerc;......... '. ....,...
Governors General of Canada since Confederatii)'l ........
Duft l 1 tn Fancy Dress Ball...................... .. ........
Ice Carnival in Lord Stanley's Time..................... .
Toho
ganing in Princess Loui:;e's Tin;t'... . . .. :.. ..,......
The Historical Ball of the Aberdeen s. Flashhght by S. J.

II')
u6
118
lY9
120
1
1
122- 12 3
1--4
126
!25

173

Jarvis .................. ..............................
From page 128 to 132 are shown the Ten Parties of this
famous ball, who represented the various periods from the
" Vikings" to "New France," all but one of these were
from photos by Topley.
Members of Parliament during the Time this Book was writ-
ten ....................................................
The Old Guard Dinner.....................................
Sir John A. Macdonald and his Ottawa Homes. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenes in Calgary and Other Points in the N.W.Too.........

Page
1L7

133
134
135
1.36

THE OLD PORTRAIT GALLERY, 137.
A Historical Group of Remarkable Men.................... 138
The Oldest Inhabitants.................................... 139
Early Lumbermen of the Ottawa. Mr. Kent the famous 140
young English artist, who has done most of the grouping
for the illustrations in this work has shown in the back-
grounds of these four groups, the growth of the lumber
industry of the Ottawa Valley. First the lone cabin in
the woods; next a single log; third the moonlit river,
cleared of its obstructions, and ready for the fourth, the
millionaire lumbermen, who filled the river with the end-
less flow of logs.
(And jmt here I must call attention in justice to l\1r. Kent
-with the Dennisons-yoll will notice that in all his
groups there are no two alike, and all apropos while the
engravings would do credit to the best in the art.)
The Old By town Doctors.................................. 144

MISCELLANEOUS, 145.
Three Very Popular Americans in Canada..................
Officers of the Ottawa Board of Trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Rise of two well known Ottawans-(to fully appreciate
this picture, read page 150)............................
Bryson, Graham & Co.'s Store..............................
Jas. K. Paisley's Hotels.....................................
l\Iore Pretty Homes........................................
Canoe and Boat Club Houses.............................
Some of Ottawa's Churches ................................
Some of those who answered: " What was the Most Dramatic
Episode in Canadian History"..........................
Prominent in Their Day in City and County-a group......
Caledonia Springs, illustrated............ ..................
Yukon Pictures ..........,.................................
Prof. E. Stone Wiggins....................................
Some Pretty Landmarks of King Edward Ave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Senator David Wark.................... ..................
Twenty-fifth Anniversary of St. Paul's Lutheran Church....
Where" The Hub and the Spokes" became a book..........

145
Z4 6

147
148
149
151
151
152- 1 53

154
155
156
157
1t.8
158
159
1.39
160

For pictures and photographs, besides those named, I .am indebt-
ed to Mrs. W. H. Tracey, Miss M. H. Robertson, DruggIst John S.
Brown, Dr. H. Beaumont Small, Captain H. G. Bate, and mo
t of a,ll
to Topley & Son, S. J. Jarvis and to Lancefield-Ieaders In t.heIr
line.

174

I,SCO SEPARATE PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS
REQUIRED.
I said to the Colonel, one day, when speaking of the nearly
1,500 separate pictures and photographs required to make up the
groups in the book, "Colonel," said I, "most of the fine ones are my
own work." (I meant the small ones.)
"And it should be a very heavy one!" said he.
"What should be heavy?" I asked in surprise.
"Why, the fine!" The Colonel is never happier than when say-
ing such things. And as I love to give happiness I do not mind.

NOTE.

THE NEW GOVERNOR GENERAL.

Earl Grey, the new Governor General of Canada, arrived in Ot-
tawa after the last "form" was off-too late to tell you that on every
side is heard naught but praise for himself and his charming family.
They have already won the hearts of all the people, irrespective of
class or creed, and I am sure the coming years will but increase this
kindly feeling that is already seen to exist, between the Governor
and his people.

175

ERRATA.

In first editions errors will creep in and remain invisible until the
forms have left the press, then the little girl in the second reader,
could pick them out as she would cherries from a ba3ket.
This however is not an excuse for the proof reader, who wac;
so busy looking for the commas that she tore off forty years of
Sir John A Macdonald's usefulness-on page 244, and yet her ability
to do the impossible may be reason of excuse, as on page 238 she
has Bell's telephone practically installed in Hamilton, three years
before he had invented it instead of seven years after. It is only
the proof reader who is capable of such marvels!
We would call attention to other errata were it not that we know
the great pleasure it will give others to call our attention to them-
and we do love to give pleasure, so we will leave these errors un-
noted and take them out in the next edition, which is already under
way.

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